Which are the catalysts of reactions in living things?
Answer:
A. ENZYMES
Explanation:
Enzymes are the catalysts of reactions found in living things. Enzymes can be best described as kind of proteins that serve as biological catalysts. They majorly function in increasing the speed of biological reactions by lowering the activation energy . Enzymes do not effect the equilibrium of any reaction. Also, enzymes itself are not used up in any reaction, however transient changes can occur in them due to the reaction. Enzymes are specific for different substrates.
The catalysts of reactions in living things are enzymes. They are proteins that help expedite the rate of chemical reactions within cells. An example is amylase, which facilitates the breakdown of starch into sugars.
Explanation:The catalysts of reactions in living things are known as enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions within cells. They achieve this by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. This function makes enzymes vital for the metabolism of organisms, assisting in processes such as digestion and DNA synthesis.
An example of an enzyme is amylase, which is found in our saliva. Amylase catalyzes the breakdown of starch into sugars during digestion. Without amylase, starch wouldn't be broken down quickly enough to provide the energy our bodies need. Hence, enzymes and their function as catalysts are crucial to various metabolic reactions within living organisms.
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Explain why chemists
refer to the joining of monosaccharides molecules to form disaccharides as a "dehydration
synthesis" reaction. (aka: condensation reaction).
Final answer:
The joining of monosaccharides to form disaccharides is called dehydration synthesis because it involves the removal of a water molecule as a new glycosidic bond forms between the sugar molecules.
Explanation:
Chemists refer to the joining of monosaccharides molecules to form disaccharides as "dehydration synthesis" or a "condensation reaction" because during this process, a molecule of water (H₂O) is released. This happens when the hydroxyl group (-OH) of one monosaccharide combines with the hydrogen atom (H) of another, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond known as a glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage. These bonds can be alpha or beta type, which differ in the orientation of the OH group on the first glucose's carbon-1, affecting the shape and properties of the resulting disaccharide. This reaction is also known as a condensation reaction because it involves the synthesis of a larger molecule from smaller subunits.
Final answer:
A dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction is how chemists describe the formation of disaccharides from monosaccharides, where water is eliminated, and a glycosidic bond is formed.
Explanation:
Chemists refer to the joining of monosaccharides to form disaccharides as a dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction because this process involves the removal of water (H₂O). During this reaction, the hydroxyl (OH) group from one monosaccharide combines with a hydrogen (H) from another monosaccharide, which results in the release of a water molecule and the formation of a covalent bond known as a glycosidic bond. Glycosidic bonds, essential in the structure of disaccharides, can be either alpha or beta, determining the molecule's shape and properties. For instance, the disaccharide lactose is formed from the monosaccharides glucose and galactose, while sucrose is formed from glucose and fructose.
First system to classify blood types
Answer: ABO blood group system
Explanation:
Why does the rate of cellular respiration decrease quickly at temperatures higher than 40°C? Enzymes that perform cellular respiration denature. Glucose becomes much less soluble in the blood. Mitochondria transition to the anaerobic respiration process. Perspiration interferes with the cells’ ability to metabolize lipids.
Answer: Enzymes that perform cellular respiration denature.
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is a process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy in the form of ATP. This process requires the involvement of several enzymes that catalyze the various biochemical reactions involved in cellular respiration. Enzymes are highly specific in their function and are sensitive to changes in temperature and pH.
At higher temperatures above 40°C, the enzymes involved in cellular respiration become denatured, which means that the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme is disrupted. This leads to the loss of its catalytic activity, and the process of cellular respiration cannot proceed at the same rate as before.
Denaturation occurs because the heat breaks the weak bonds that hold the protein structure together, causing the enzyme to lose its shape and function. Once the enzyme is denatured, it cannot catalyze the chemical reactions of cellular respiration effectively, and the rate of cellular respiration decreases quickly.
Therefore, it is important for cells to maintain a relatively constant temperature to ensure that the enzymes involved in cellular respiration can function optimally.
Final answer:
Enzymes that perform cellular respiration denature at temperatures above 40°C, leading to decreased cellular respiration rates. High temperatures cause enzymes to lose their shape and functionality, resulting in inefficient ATP production and a shift to less efficient energy production processes like fermentation.
Explanation:
The rate of cellular respiration decreases quickly at temperatures higher than 40°C primarily because the enzymes that drive the many reactions involved in this process begin to denature. Enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions, and they have a specific shape important for their function. High temperatures can disrupt the three-dimensional structure of these enzymes, resulting in the loss of their active site and therefore their activity. When these enzymes denature, the efficiency of cellular respiration drops and the cell cannot produce ATP as effectively.
It is also observed that at higher temperatures, such as above 37°C in yeast cells, there is a shift from respiration to partial fermentation. This shift occurs because the increased temperature leads to a decrease in the specific activities of enzymes, constraining metabolism, and when total protein concentration reaches its limit, which cannot increase enzyme activity further, glycolysis becomes more efficient for ATP production despite yielding less ATP per mole of glucose compared to respiration.
While cells can tolerate slight increases in temperature to a certain extent, extreme temperatures, particularly above a threshold of around 40-45°C, can be lethal as enzymes stop functioning correctly. At these elevated temperatures, other physiological changes can also occur, such as altered solubility of gases in blood, which could affect oxygen availability but this is less immediate compared to enzyme denaturation, which has a direct impact on cellular respiration rates.
s a researcher in a protein lab, you analyze two different proteins for their shape and the amino acids they contain. Your results show that the two proteins have exactly the same numbers and types of amino acids, but they have different shapes. What is the best explanation for these results?
Answer:
The two proteins may have exactly the same numbers and types of amino acids but the sequence of the amino acids along their polypeptide chain may be different and that is reason enough for them to have different shapes. Amino acids side groups differ in polarity, charges, shape, and size and will determine how the polypeptide folds at local regions within the protein - based on interactions with other local regions within the same chain - or with another chain of a tertiary protein. This is due to the fact that the interactions between amino acid side groups of a polypeptide influence, for example, the number and positions of hydrogen and disulfide bonds within the protein.
Final answer:
The difference in shape between two proteins with identical amino acid types can be attributed to the sequence of the amino acids. This sequence determines the three-dimensional structure, thus affecting the protein's function as shape is closely linked to function.
Explanation:
The two proteins with the same numbers and types of amino acids but different shapes can be explained by the concept that the sequence of amino acids determines a protein's final shape. Proteins fold into complex three-dimensional structures as a result of the interactions between their constituent amino acids. This principle is fundamental in understanding that even though two proteins may have the same types of amino acids, the order in which these amino acids are linked – their sequence – dictates how the protein folds and what shape it ultimately assumes. It's also worth noting that even a single change in amino acid sequence can result in a significantly different folding pattern, leading to a different protein shape and thus different function. Shape determines function; therefore, proteins with different shapes will have different functions, even if they're made from the same set of amino acids.
The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma. What happens in the thylakoid
membranes?
The thylakoid membranes are where the light-dependent reactions occur in photosynthesis.
Explanation:The thylakoid membranes are the site of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis. These reactions use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, which are energy carrier molecules that will be used in the Calvin cycle.
Final answer:
The thylakoid membranes are where light-dependent reactions take place during photosynthesis, capturing light energy to produce ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle.
Explanation:
The thylakoid membranes, located inside chloroplasts, are the sites where light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. These membranes house photosystems that contain chlorophyll and other pigments which capture light energy. The light energy is then used to produce ATP and NADPH, two molecules that are essential for the Calvin cycle that occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast. The process overall is critical for converting solar energy into chemical energy that plants, and ultimately all life on Earth, can use.
Describe what happens when a keynote species is removed from an ecosystem
Answer:
Removal of keynote species from an eco-system can lead to the existence of the system in danger.
Explanation:
There are certain keynote species in the eco-system which has an important role to play in the survival of other species. The removal of these species can put the eco-system in danger. The keynote species helps to maintain the ecosystem by keeping it in harmony.
An ecosystem may cease to exist or can be taken over by a completely different kind of species by breaking the direction of the system if one of its keynote species is removed.
Keynote species can be divided into three groups by scientists-
(i) Predators: helps in controlling the population of the prey species by affecting the numbers of plants and animals in the food web, like- tiger sharks
(ii) Ecosystem engineers: an organism that creates or demolishes a club of species, like- beaver and
(iii) Mutualists: The interaction of two or more species for their own benefit, such as- bees.
How does a catalyst affect the activation energy of a chemical reaction?
Answer:
A catalyst decrease the activation energy of a reaction.
Explanation:
The concept of catalyst describes a molecule that has the capacity to increase the rate of a reaction by diminishing the activation energy (minimum energy requiered for a reaction to happen).
A catalyst lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction, allowing the reaction to happen more quickly.
Explanation:A catalyst affects the activation energy of a chemical reaction by lowering it. Activation energy is the energy required for a reaction to begin. A catalyst provides an alternative pathway for the reaction to proceed with a lower activation energy, allowing the reaction to occur more quickly.
For example, in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, the reaction is slow without a catalyst, but adding a catalyst like manganese dioxide lowers the activation energy, making the reaction happen faster.
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A ribosome performing the process of translation is shown above. On which branch of the tree of life would organisms contain this organelle that performs this process? A) On all branches of the tree, as this is a common structure and process among all species. B) Only on the branch with Eukarya, as eukaryotes are the only organisms that contain this organelle. Eliminate C) Only on the branch with Bacteria, as prokaryotes are the only organisms that contain this organelle. D) Only on the branch with Archaea, as extremophiles are the only organisms that contain this organelle.
Answer:
A: on all beach he’s of the tree, as this is a common structure and process among all species
Explanation:
Answer: A
Explanation: On all branches of the tree, as this is a common structure and process among all species.
the possibility of down syndrome increases as the mother's age increases because
The probability of the chance for getting the Down's syndrome is high as the maternal age increases because of the age related discomfort abilities.
Explanation:When problem arises in the cell division of the chromosome number 21, it leads to a syndrome called as Down's syndrome. If both partners involved in reproduction process are healthy and fit, the zygote formation happens in a positive manner.
As per the condition given, if the maternal age increases, the possibility for the fetus to get affected with Down's syndrome because as the age increases, the body related activity starts to reduce. The chance for an elder woman to conceive a kid with Down's disorder increment with age on the grounds that more aged eggs have a more serious danger of inappropriate chromosome division.
In which biome would you be most likely to enjoy leaves changing color in the fall?
Answer:
Temperature Forest
Explanation:
2. What does it mean for a molecule to diffuse down a concentration gradient?
A molecule diffuses down its concentration gradient by moving from one region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
The diffusion of a molecules down the concentration gradient means the movement of molecules takes place from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.
What is Concentration gradient?Concentration gradient is the difference in the concentration of a molecule between two regions. Concentration gradient is the force which is responsible for the movement of molecules through the cell.
Transport through cell membrane takes place by two mechanism: Passive and Active. In passive transport, the energy is not required as the movement of molecules occurs down the concentration gradient. The molecules moves from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration through the membrane, thus energetically favorable.
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Which of the following hereditary conditions is characterized by excessive sebum production?
Acne
Heart disease
Sickle cell anemia
Type 1 diabetes
Answer:
Sorry this is a late response but I got Acne im not sure if its right though as I was looking for the answer and then the guy didnt give the right answer. gl!
Explanation:
Answer:
acne
Explanation:
took the test
10 POINTS
______ are easier to work with than reality and can be manipulated.
A. Computers
B. Experiments
C. Observations
D. Models
Hi friend. Here is your answer:
A.Computers
Hope it helps you! :)
Think about the following items: a candle flame, a balloon floating in the air, and bubbles blown from a bubble wand. Describe characteristics that could indicate life in these items, and characteristics that show they are not alive.
Answer:
The living things are characterized by seven factors which includes movement, metabolism, respiration, sensitivity, growth, Excretion, nutrition and reproduction. The characteristics which indicates life in given items are as follows:
1. A candle flame: When we light the candle, the size of the flame is small and it grows as the wax melts.
2. Balloon floating in the air: As the balloon is floating it shows movement.
3. Bubbles blown from a bubble wand: It shows growth as well as movement.
The characteristic that shows that they are not alive include none of the three items performs excretion, metabolism and they are not made up of cell.
Though a candle flame, a balloon, and bubbles show some life characteristics like response to environment and growth, they lack the essential traits of life like reproduction, evolution, homeostasis, and the presence of cell structure. Therefore, these objects are not considered alive.
Explanation:When considering the items in question: a candle flame, a floating balloon, and bubbles blown from a wand, it's important to understand the key characteristics of life: order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, regulation/homeostasis, energy processing, and evolution. All these attributes together define life.
An evident characteristic representing life in these items could be the response to stimuli or the environment. For instance, a candle flame flickers responding to the air currents, a balloon floats as it is filled with helium, showing adaptation to the surrounding air density, and bubbles show growth as they are blown larger from the wand. These are aspects of sensitivity to environment and growth.
However, the noted objects are nonliving as they lack the majority of life's crucial traits. They don't reproduce, evolve over time, or maintain homeostasis on their own. Neither do they have cell structure - a fundamental trait of life. Hence, these objects are not considered alive despite their adaptability and responses to changes in the environment.
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E lements are _____.
Answer:
A chemical element is a type of atom with the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei.
Explanation:
For an example, the atomic number of Chlorine is 17, and there is 17 protons in Chlorine.
If you have any questions feel free to ask in the comments.
The substances which cannot be separated are called elements.
Explanation:An element is a type of particle having a similar number of protons in their nuclear cores. For instance, the nuclear number of oxygen is 8, so the component oxygen comprises all iotas which have 8 protons.
One hundred eighteen elements have been recognized: the initial 94 happen normally on Earth, and the rest 24 are manufactured ones. There are 80 components that have at any rate one stable isotope and 38 that have solely radionuclide, which rot after some time into different components.
why are some substances acid and some are bases
Substances made with hydrogen ions are acidic. Substance made with hydroxide ions are bases. It depends on which ions they are made of.
☺ Happy to help.
Chemical substances can be acids or bases on the basis of presence of positively charged hydronium ion and negatively charges hydroxyl ions in the compound.
What are chemical substances?
A chemical substance is a form of matter which have a constant chemical composition and characteristic properties which are unique. However, chemical substances cannot be separated into its constituent elements by the application of physical separation methods, i.e., without breaking the chemical bonds.
Chemical substances are of two types depending upon the presence of positively charged hydronium ions and the negatively charged hydroxyl ions. If there are more negatively charged hydroxyl ions than the positively charged hydronium ions, then the substance becomes a base however if there are more positively charged hydronium ions than the negatively charged hydroxyl ions then the substance is called an acid.
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Question 1
In a research study of medication, group A is given medication and group B is given a sugar pill. Which type of group is B?
experimental group
control group
Explanation:
group b. is called the control group. it is important to compare the 2 groups for any similarities. this determines if the medications in group a are working like intended. to keep track of side effects w/group a..
Final answer:
In the described medication study, group B is given a sugar pill and serves as the control group. This group sets a baseline for comparison against the effects of the medication provided to the experimental group.
Explanation:
In a research study of medication where group A is given the actual medication and group B is given a sugar pill (placebo), group B would be classified as the control group. The control group receives a placebo to set a baseline for comparing the effects of the medication given to the experimental group. This methodology ensures that any effects observed can be attributed to the medication itself, rather than other factors such as psychological effects of thinking one is receiving treatment.
A skateboarder begins going down a ramp with an initial velocity of 1.0 m/s. After 3 seconds, her speed
has increased to a final velocity of 4.0 m/s. Calculate her acceleration.
Answer:
1.0 m/s
Explanation:
Final answer:
To calculate the skateboarder's acceleration, use the formula [tex]a = (v_f - v_i) / t[/tex]. The skateboarder's acceleration is found to be 1.0 m/s² over 3 seconds.
Explanation:
The subject of this question is Physics, specifically within the context of kinematics, which is the study of motion without considering the causes of motion (like forces). To calculate the acceleration of the skateboarder, we can use the formula for constant acceleration:
[tex]a = (v_f - v_i) / t[/tex]
where a is the acceleration, [tex]v_f[/tex] is the final velocity,[tex]v_i[/tex]is the initial velocity, and t is the time over which the acceleration occurs. In this problem, the initial velocity (v_i) is given as 1.0 m/s, the final velocity [tex](v_f)[/tex] is 4.0 m/s, and the time (t) is 3 seconds. Plugging these values into the formula gives:
a = (4.0 m/s - 1.0 m/s) / 3 s = 3.0 m/s / 3 s = 1.0 m/s²
Therefore, the skateboarder's acceleration is 1.0 m/s².
What type of force shuld be applied on a football to move it forward
forward force
I hope this help's
I NEED HELP ASAP!!!!!
Which process in the water cycle do plants perform?
evaporation
infiltration
precipitation
transpiration
Hello there,
Been a long time for me to answer a question.
Your answer is D. Transpiration.
I hope that helepd you enjoy your first answer:)
Answer: Transpiration
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from parts, such as leaves, stems, and flowers.
The test also said its correct.
15. Describe staph, strept, and diplo:
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Diplococcus are terms describing groups of bacteria based on their arrangements, which have significant implications in diagnosing bacterial infections and determining treatment.
Explanation:The question describes Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Diplococcus bacteria, focusing on their arrangements and implications in bacterial infections. Staphylococcus refers to a group of bacteria commonly found on the skin and in the nasal passages of humans. They are known for their grape-like clusters and cause various skin infections, some of which are resistant to antibiotics. Streptococcus bacteria are arranged in chains and are classified based on their hemolytic properties and surface antigens. They can cause many diseases, including strep throat, rheumatic fever, and necrotizing fasciitis. Diplococcus refers to any spherical bacteria that appear in pairs after division, including organisms like Neisseria, which can cause diseases such as gonorrhea and meningitis.
To differentiate between staphylococcal and streptococcal infections in the laboratory, technicians may perform Gram staining, analyze colony morphology, and conduct tests to detect enzyme activity specific to Staphylococcus species. These tests help in determining the most effective antibiotic treatment. Understanding the distinctive characteristics of these bacterial groups is crucial in diagnosing infections and deciding on the appropriate treatment.
What is keratin and melanin and what are their function
Melanin darkens the skin and hair. Melanin protects the skin and eyes from light and the damage/radiation caused by the sun. Keratin strengthens the skin and hair cells, but can be found all over the body. Keratin is made up of proteins which gives it the strengthening properties.
acoording to the cell theory what do these four organisms have in common
Answer: they are made of one or more cells
Explanation:
I took a test on this a week ago
What are the 3 different shapes, or structures, or carbon base molecules?
The three different shapes of carbon-based molecules are linear chains, cyclic structures, and combinations of both, with geometry influenced by types of carbon-to-carbon bonds and molecular arrangement.
Explanation:The three different shapes or structures of carbon-based molecules are linear chains, cyclic (ring) structures, and combinations of both. These structures can be seen in various hydrocarbon compounds. For instance, methane (CH4) has a tetrahedral geometry with four hydrogen atoms equidistant from one another, creating a three-dimensional structure critical for the molecule's function. When it comes to the types of carbon-to-carbon bonds, single bonds allow rotation along the bond axis, leading to flexible structures; double bonds result in a planar configuration (as in ethene), and triple bonds create a linear configuration (as in ethyne).
Additionally, the carbon atoms in diamond form a three-dimensional network with each carbon atom connected to four others in a tetrahedral structure. In graphite, carbon atoms form layers of hexagonally connected sheets, with each layer having weak interactions with adjacent layers. Different molecular geometries such as linear, bent, trigonal pyramidal, trigonal planar, and T-shaped also affect molecular shape, as seen with various molecules and polyatomic ions comprising a central atom bonded to two or three other atoms.
What would you call one of those small, hand-held rakes used for gardening?
Answer:
do you mean a watering pot/can?
According to Arroyo, the second thing we need to prepare for is heat and droughts. What are some ways in which people are better preparing to handle these effects of climate change?
Answer:
Firstly is planting drought-resistant strains of food crops to feed the population living in these dry regions. Second is adopting measures that conserve and protect water sources. Other include;Altruistic use of water in homes, farms, and industries Using alternative energy fuels that reduce green should emission into the atmosphere
Answer:
Helping farmers build hillsides terraces and find out ways to conserve water, but also providing for insurance when droughts do come. This gives stability and gives the farmers the confidence to invest. It’s giving them access to affordable credit. It’s allowing them to become more productive so that they can afford their own insurance over time, without assistance.
Explanation:
What is true about the lagging strand during DNA replication?
A.
It is synthesized before the leading strand.
B.
It has the same sequence as the leading strand.
C.
It is synthesized in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
D.
It contains Okazaki fragments.
It is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.
Answer:
D. It contains Okazaki fragments.
Explanation:
DNA polymerase only synthesizes a new DNA strand in the 5 ’→ 3’ direction. On the one hand, the new tape can be made continuously, from the outside to the inside (from the open end to the bottom of the fork), on the other side the synthesis must be done from the inside to the outside. That is why the tape made in this way is called discontinuous tape or lagging atrand.
This lagging strand is initially formed by fragments of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments. Every time a sufficiently long stretch of single stranded DNA is available, the synthesis of a new Okazaki fragment begins, from the inside of the fork to the outside.
If three times a number increased by 4, the result is -8
Answer:
The original number is -4.
Explanation:
Let the original number be n.
Next, three times the number is equal to 3n.
Then, increased by 4 means 4 is added.
Hence, three times a number increased by 4 equals -8 is written in the equation form as shown below.
=> 3n + 4 = -8
=> 3n = -8 + (-4)
Since the number, 4, goes on the other side of the equal sign, the number positive 4 changes its sign and becomes negative 4, as shown above.
=> 3n = -8 -4
=> 3n = -12
=> n = -12/3
=> n = -4
Checking the above solution.
Three times the number is equal to 3 * (-4) = -12.
The above product when increased by 4 gives the equation as shown.
-12 + 4 = -8.
The result is -8.
This result is same as the result mentioned in the given question, -8.
Hence, the answer that -4 is the original number is correct.
Do animal and plant organisms have the same life processes?
Answer:
All living things must produce offspring like themselves in order for their species to survive. This is the process known as reproduction. Plants produce seeds that give rise to new plants of the same species. Animals lay eggs or have babies.
Explanation:
Plants and animals both go through the same basic life processes, such as breathing, growth, nourishment, transportation, reproduction, and excretion.
What is basic life process?The processes necessary for an organism to survive and that mold its propensities for interacting with its environment are referred to as life processes.
The persistence and evolution of living forms include numerous chemical reactions and other events, which are the building blocks of biological processes.
Any time a life process is modified in terms of frequency, rate, or extent, it is said to be under regulation. An organism's internal life processes can serve as bioindicators as well.
There are numerous ways to control life processes, such as altering the expression of genes, altering proteins, or interacting with proteins or substrate molecules.
Therefore, animal and plant organisms have the same life processes.
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