Trans-2-butene's C=C double bond can be indicated by IR absorption signals of C-H stretching near 3100 cm⁻¹ for the =CH₂ group, 3020 cm⁻¹ for the –CH= group and C-H out-of-plane bending near 915 cm⁻¹ and 1000 cm⁻¹
To indicate the presence of a C=C double bond in trans-2-butene despite the absence of a distinct signal in the double bond region of the infrared spectrum (1600–1850 cm−1), one would look for other characteristic IR absorption signals. These include the C-H stretching vibrations associated with alkenes, found around 3100 cm⁻¹ for the =CH2 group and around 3020 cm⁻¹ for the –CH= group. Additionally, the out-of-plane bending vibrations of the C-H bonds at the terminal =CH2 group occur near 915 cm⁻¹ and those of the –CH= grouping near 1000 cm⁻¹. These peaks would be indicative of the alkenic C-H bonds as opposed to alkane C-H stretches, which occur at slightly different frequencies.
Which particle changes the mass of the isotope the most? which particle changes the mass of the isotope the most? electron capture positron emission gamma capture alpha particle neutron particle?
Answer: Option (d) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Species which contain same number of protons but different number of neutrons are known as isotope.
For example, [tex]^{1}_{1}H[/tex] and [tex]^{3}_{1}H[/tex] are isotopes.
More is the mass of particle colliding with the isotope more will be the change in mass of an isotope due to emission of a heavier particle.
As alpha ([tex]^{4}_{2}He[/tex]) particle is heavier then a neutron, positron and gamma particles.
For example, [tex]^{14}_{7}N + ^{4}_{2}He \rightarrow ^{17}_{8}O[/tex]
Therefore, we can conclude that alpha particle changes the mass of the isotope the most.
What is the internal energy u of one mole of air on a very hot summer day (35∘c)? express your answer numerically in joules to two significant figures?
Final answer:
The internal energy (u) of one mole of air at 35°C is approximately 6400 J when calculated using the ideal gas law and assuming air is a diatomic gas.
Explanation:
The internal energy (u) of one mole of air on a very hot summer day, which is 35°C, can be estimated using the ideal gas law and the concept of heat capacity at constant volume (Cv). To find the internal energy, we must convert the given temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature, which gives us 308.15 K (35°C + 273.15). Air is typically considered to be a diatomic molecule, particularly for dry air, which mainly consists of nitrogen and oxygen molecules. The approximate molar heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) for a diatomic gas like air is about 5R/2, where R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)). Therefore, the internal energy (U) of one mole of air at this temperature is U = Cv × T = (5/2) × R × T. Plugging in the numbers, we get U = (5/2) × (8.314 J/(mol·K)) × (308.15 K). This would yield an internal energy of approximately 6412.5 J, which can be rounded to 6400 J to two significant figures.
A 135 g sample of carbon disulfide requires 43.2 kj of heat to vaporize completely. what is the enthalpy of vaporization for carbon disulfide?
a. 1.77 kj/mol
b. 24.4 kj/mol
c. 76.2 kj/mol
d. 0.320 kj/mol
e. 3.13 kj/mol
suppose you like to listen to two different radio stations. The opera station broadcasts at 90.5 MHz and the rock and roll station broadcasts at 107.0 MH.s. which station's signal has waves with longer wavelenghts and which stations signal has station has waves with higher energy?
The rock and roll station at [tex]107.0 MHz[/tex] has higher energy photons with approximately [tex]\(7.09 \times 10^{-26}\) joules[/tex]
The opera station at [tex]90.5 MHz[/tex] has lower energy photons with approximately [tex]\(5.99 \times 10^{-26}\) joules.[/tex]
To determine which radio station's signal has longer wavelengths and which has higher energy, we need to use the relationships between frequency, wavelength, and energy for electromagnetic waves.
1. Wavelength
The wavelength (\(\lambda\)) of a wave is related to its frequency ([tex]\(f\)[/tex]) and the speed of light ([tex]\(c\)[/tex]) by the equation:
[tex]\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \][/tex]
Where:
[tex]\(c\)[/tex] is the speed of light ([tex]\(3 \times 10^8\) meters per second[/tex]).
[tex]\(f\)[/tex] is the frequency of the wave.
Opera Station ([tex]90.5 MHz[/tex])
Frequency: [tex]\(90.5 \times 10^6\) Hz[/tex]
[tex]\[ \lambda_{\text{opera}} = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{90.5 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{90.5 \times 10^6} = 3.31 \, \text{meters} \][/tex]
Rock and Roll Station ([tex]107.0 MHz[/tex])
Frequency: [tex]\(107.0 \times 10^6\) Hz[/tex]
[tex]\[ \lambda_{\text{rock}} = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{107.0 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{107.0 \times 10^6} = 2.80 \, \text{meters} \][/tex]
The opera station at [tex]90.5 MHz[/tex] has a longer wavelength of approximately [tex]3.31 meters[/tex].
The rock and roll station at [tex]107.0 MHz[/tex] has a shorter wavelength of approximately [tex]2.80 meters[/tex]
2. Energy
The energy ([tex]\(E\)[/tex]) of a photon is related to its frequency ([tex]\(f\)[/tex]) by the equation:
[tex]\[ E = h f \][/tex]
Where:
[tex]\(h\)[/tex] is Planck's constant ([tex]\(6.626 \times 10^{-34}\) Joule seconds[/tex]).
[tex]\(f\)[/tex] is the frequency of the wave.
Opera Station ([tex]90.5 MHz[/tex])
[tex]\[ E_{\text{opera}} = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js} \times 90.5 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz} = 5.99 \times 10^{-26} \, \text{J} \][/tex]
Rock and Roll Station ([tex]107.0 MHz[/tex])
[tex]\[ E_{\text{rock}} = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js} \times 107.0 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz} = 7.09 \times 10^{-26} \, \text{J} \][/tex]
Consider the ground state of the silicon atom (z = 14). what is the electronic configuration for this state?
the transfer of a section of DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism by scientists is called
The transfer of a section of DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism by scientists is called genetic engineering.
What is DNA?
DNA is a hereditary material which is present in human beings as well as all other living organisms. Every cell which is present in an organism's body has DNA which is the same. Most of the DNA is situated in the cell's nucleus and small amount of it can be found in the cell's mitochondria as well.
Information which is stored in DNA is stored as codes made up of four chemical bases namely, adenine, thymine , cytosine and guanine.Human DNA consists of 3 billion bases .The order of the bases determines information which is required for building and maintaining an organism.
DNA bases are capable of pairing up with each other. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs up with cytosine .Each base is also attached to a sugar molecule and a phosphate group. A base, phosphate sugar are together called as nucleotides.
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Which statement best describes how the scientific community analyzes data?
Answer:
Scientists can come to different conclusions based on the same data
Explanation:
Matter are anything that is made up of atoms. The quantity of matter can be observed only on the basis of mass and volume calculation. Thus, scientists can come to different conclusions based on the same data is the statement that describes how the scientific community analyzes data.
What is matter?Matter is a substance that has some mass and can occupy some volume. The matter is mainly used in science. Matter can be solid, liquid or gas.
So as we saw that matter has some mass so mass can be measured in gram only. Mass can also be represented as number of molecules. We also saw that matter occupy some volume and that volume is measured only in liter. Scientists can come to different conclusions based on the same data is the statement that describes how the scientific community analyzes data.
Thus, scientists can come to different conclusions based on the same data is the statement that describes how the scientific community analyzes data.
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The normal boiling point of 2-propanol, (ch3)2choh, is 83 ºc, while that of acetone, (ch3)2c=o, is 56 ºc. what is the principal reason for the greater boiling point of 2- propanol?
Complete the reactions to show how butanoic acid may be converted to butanal.
Final answer:
Butanoic acid can be converted to butanal via a reduction process using a reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride, followed by hydrolysis.
Explanation:
Converting butanoic acid to butanal involves a reduction process, which can be carried out using reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH₄) or borane (BH₃). The reaction with LiAlH₄ is usually carried out in dry ether as a solvent, and it can be followed by careful hydrolysis to give the aldehyde, butanal. The overall reaction can be summarized as:
Butanoic acid (C₄H₈O₂) is treated with the reducing agent LiAlH₄.
The acid is reduced to the corresponding aldehyde, butanal (C₄H₈O).
After the reduction, the reaction mixture is hydrolyzed, which involves adding water to the reaction mixture.
This is different from esterification, which is the reaction between an acid and an alcohol, as described in the esterification of ethanol and butanoic acid to form ethyl butanoate and water.
The biochemical production of butanol from butyric acid is similarly not a direct route for synthesizing butanal, but it is an important process for biomass conversion.
Determine the hydronium ion concentration in a solution that is 0.0005 m hcl. answer in units of m.
If 32.5 grams of CaO are dissolved in 212 grams of water, what is the concentration of the solution in percent by mass?
6.52% CaO
8.67% CaO
13.3% CaO
15.3% CaO
Answer:
Concentration of solution in percent by mass is 13.3% CaO
Explanation:
% by mass = [tex]\frac{mass of solute}{mass of solution}\times 100[/tex]
Here solute is CaO and solvent is water.
So, mass of solution = (mass of solute)+(mass of solvent)
= (mass of CaO)+(mass of water)
= 32.5 g + 212 g
= 244.5 g
So, Concentration of solution by percent mass = [tex]\frac{mass of CaO}{mass of solution}\times 100[/tex] = [tex]\frac{32.5}{244.5}\times 100[/tex] = 13.3 %
What is the standard emf of a galvanic cell made of a cd electrode in a 1.0 m cd(no3)2 solution and a cr electrode in a 1.0 m cr(no3)3 solution at 25°c?
The standard emf of a galvanic cell with a Cd and Cr electrode in solutions of their respective 1.0 M nitrates at 25°C is 0.34 V.
Explanation:To determine the standard emf of a galvanic cell made of a Cd electrode in a 1.0 M Cd(NO₃)₂ solution and a Cr electrode in a 1.0 M Cr(NO₃)₃ solution at 25°C, we must first identify the half-reactions taking place at each electrode and their standard reduction potentials (E°).
The standard half-cell potentials (available in standard reduction potential tables) for Cd2+ and Cr3+ are as follows:
The cathode is where reduction takes place, so the Cr3+ half-reaction will be the reduction (gain of electrons), and the Cd2+ half-reaction will be the oxidation at the anode (loss of electrons).
Next, we calculate the standard cell potential (E°cell) using the formula:
E°cell = E°cathode - E°anode
Since the Cr3+ half-reaction has the more negative standard reduction potential, it will be reversed to represent oxidation when it functions as the anode reaction. This gives us:
E°cell = (-0.40 V) - (-0.74 V) = 0.34 V
The positive standard cell potential indicates that the galvanic cell reaction is spontaneous under standard state conditions.
A solution of 0.90 g of an unknown nonelectrolyte in 100 ml of water at 27◦c has an osmotic pressure of 0.55 atm. what is the molecular weight of this compound? (assume
The labeled images each represent the wave patterns found in the electromagnetic wave spectrum. Which image is correctly labeled for frequency, wavelength, and radiant energy?
Answer:
C
Low frequency High frequency
Long wavelength Short wavelength
Low radiant energy High radiant energy
Explanation:
I took the k-12 4.04 quiz, let me know if I am wrong.
The electromagnetic spectrum is the distribution of electromagnetic radiation. The third image's low frequency, wavelength, and radiant energy are correctly labeled.
What is the electromagnetic wave spectrum?An electromagnetic wave spectrum is the distribution of electromagnetic radiations based on frequency and wavelength. In electromagnetic radiation, energy is given by Planck's constant and frequency.
Also, the relation between the frequency and the wavelength is given as,
[tex]\nu = \rm \dfrac{c}{\lambda}[/tex]
From these relations, it can be said that the frequency is directly proportional to energy, and is inversely proportional to the wavelength.
Therefore, if on the left side low frequency, low radiant energy, and long-wavelength are present then, on the right side opposite will be observed.
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The jaeger reading cards are used to test _____ vision
The Jaeger reading cards are used to test near vision. The correct answer is "near" vision.
The Jaeger reading cards are used to test near vision, which is the ability to see objects clearly at a close distance, typically around 14 to 16 inches away from the eyes. This type of vision is important for activities such as reading, writing, and working on a computer. The Jaeger chart consists of blocks of text in various sizes, with the smallest print at the bottom and the largest at the top. A person being tested reads the text from top to bottom until they can no longer clearly distinguish the letters, which helps determine their near visual acuity.
2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane has how many secondary carbons? view available hint(s) 2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane has how many secondary carbons? five nine six seven
The molecule 2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane has five secondary carbons which are those bonded to two other carbon atoms.
Explanation:The hydrocarbon 2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane belongs to the class of alkanes, characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms. This molecule consists of an 8-carbon chain (octane), with three side branches: two methyl groups (-CH3) on the second carbon and a propyl group (-CH2-CH2-CH3) on the fourth carbon. When identifying secondary carbons, which are carbon atoms bonded to two other carbon atoms, it becomes evident that 2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane contains five secondary carbons.
The two carbons on either end of the main chain don't fit the criteria of secondary carbons as they are bonded to only one other carbon atom. The five secondary carbons are as follows: two from the main chain (excluding the ends); two found at the ends of the propyl branch; and one where the methyl branches connect to the main chain.
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¿A shaker of salt substitute contains 1.6 oz of K. What is the activity, in milliCuries, of the potassium in the shaker? The activity is 7 microcuries (µCi)
What is the daughter nucleus (nuclide) produced when 90sr undergoes beta decay by emitting an electron? replace each question mark with the appropriate integer or symbol?
Final answer:
The daughter nuclide produced when ¹°Sr undergoes beta decay is ¹°Y (yttrium-90), which is represented by the nuclear equation ¹°Sr → ¹°Y + β⁻.
Explanation:
When ¹°Sr undergoes beta decay, it emits an electron (beta particle) and transforms into a different element. The loss of the electron results in an increase of the atomic number by one while the mass number remains the same. Therefore, the new atomic number will be 39 (as strontium has atomic number 38), and the mass number stays at 90. The daughter nuclide produced from this decay is ¹°Y (yttrium-90).
The nuclear equation for this ß-decay process is:
¹°Sr → ¹°Y + β⁻
To lift a load of 100 N a distance of 1 m an effort of 25 N must be applied over an inclined plane of length 4 m. What must be done to lift the load 2 m, using the same effort? A.Use an inclined plane of length 8 m.
B.Use an inclined plane of length 2 m.
C.Use an inclined plane of length 10 m
D.Use an inclined plane of length 16 m.
Answer: The correct answer is A) Use an inclined plane of 8 m
Work :
Work is defined as force applied to an object to move it to some distance . It is calculated as product of force and displacement .
W = F* d
Where : W =work (N-m) F = force (N) d = displacement (m)
When a body is lifted , work can be expressed as :
W = m*g*h ( h = height )
Also force due to gravitation can be given as
F = m* g
where :
g = gravitational acceleration ([tex] 9.8 \frac{m}{s^2} [/tex]
Hence Work can be written as : W = F * h
Given :
Force on load due to gravitation = 100 N Height = 2 m
Force applied = 25 N displacement = ?
Work done to lift the load to 2 m = F * h
= 100 N * 2 m = 200 N-m
Plugging W = 200 N-m in work formula
W = F* d
200 N-m = 25 N * d
Dividing both side by 25 N
[tex] \frac{200N-m}{25 N} = \frac{25 N * d}{25 N} [/tex]
d = 8 m
Hence, to lift the load using 25 N , the inclined plane of 8 m can be used .
Which of the following compounds is not ionic?
A. CaCI2
B. NaI
C. CO2
D. Na2O
(P.S. All the 2's are subscript!)
Which of the temperatures below is most likely to be the boiling point of water at 880 torr?view available hint(s)which of the temperatures below is most likely to be the boiling point of water at 880 torr?92°c105°c100°c?
Using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, we can derive that the boiling point of water at 880 torr is closest to 90°C. Thus, among the given options, the boiling point of water at 880 torr is most likely to be 92°C.
Explanation:The subject question is considering the boiling point of water at differing pressures. The standard boiling point of water is 100°C at 1 atmospheric pressure (or 760 torr). However, boiling point changes with changes in atmospheric pressure.
By using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which establishes a relationship between the vapor pressure and temperature of a substance, we can establish that at 880 torr, the boiling point is likely to be close to 90°C, given that the vapor pressure of water is 68kPa at about this temperature. Therefore, among the options given, 92°C is the most likely boiling point of water at 880 torr.
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Which carbonyl compounds do not undergo an aldol reaction when treated with −oh in h2o? select all that apply?
Carbonyl compounds that do not undergo an aldol reaction include those without alpha-hydrogens like formaldehyde and benzaldehyde, as well as esters, acids, and amides.
These compounds either lack necessary alpha-hydrogens or have structures that are unfavorable for aldol reactions.
In an aldol reaction, carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones with alpha-hydrogens can react in the presence of a base such as hydroxide (−OH) in water. However, not all carbonyl compounds undergo this reaction.
Carbonyl compounds that do not undergo an aldol reaction include those without alpha-hydrogens, such as formaldehyde and benzaldehyde. Additionally, carbonyl compounds like esters, acids, and amides typically do not participate in aldol reactions due to their structural properties.
Examples of Carbonyl Compounds Not Undergoing Aldol Reaction:
Formaldehyde (H-CHO)Benzaldehyde (C₆H₅CHO)Ester (R-COOR')Acid (R-COOH)Amide (R-CONH₂)These compounds either lack the necessary alpha-hydrogens or have structures that are unfavorable for aldol reactions.
what will happen to the litmus strips?
How many grams of the excess reactant remain after the limiting reactant is completely consumed? express your answer using two significant figures?
The amount of the excess reactant remaining after the limiting reactant is consumed can be found by subtracting the amount used in the reaction from the initial amount, using stoichiometry to calculate these values.
Explanation:To determine the amount of the excess reactant remaining after the limiting reactant is completely consumed, you will need to perform some calculations. First, it is necessary to determine which reactant is the limiting one. This can be done by comparing their mole ratios in the balanced chemical equation. Then, you should calculate the amount of product that the limiting reactant can make.
Next, you can use the stoichiometry of the reaction to figure out how much of the excess reactant was needed to react with the limiting reactant. Subtract this from the total amount of the excess reactant present at the start to get the amount remaining, expressed in grams. Remember that your answer should be reported to two significant figures.
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What is the percent by mass of chlorine in NaCl?
A 642 mL sample of oxygen gas at 23.5°C and 795 mm Hg, is heated to 31.7°C and the volume of the gas expands to 957 mL. What is the new pressure in atm?
A student completes a titration by adding 12.0 milimeters of NaOH(aq) of unknown concentration to 16.0 milimeters of 0.15 HCl(aq). What is the molar concentration of the NaOH(aq)?
How to convert 1.2×10^24 atoms of magnesium into moles??
To convert atoms of magnesium to moles, divide the given number of atoms by Avogadro's number. For 1.2×10^24 atoms it results in 1.99 moles of magnesium.
To convert 1.2×1024 atoms of magnesium into moles, we use Avogadro's number, which is 6.022×1023 atoms per mole. This conversion factor allows us to change the number of atoms into moles since one mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of atoms, ions, or molecules.
Write down the number of magnesium atoms given: 1.2×1024 atoms of Mg.Use Avogadro's number as a conversion factor: 1 mole of Mg = 6.022×1023 atoms of Mg.Divide the number of atoms by Avogadro's number to find the number of moles: 1.2×1024 atoms ÷ 6.022×1023 atoms/mole = 1.99 moles of Mg.Therefore, 1.2×1024 atoms of magnesium is equal to 1.99 moles of magnesium.
Tin (II) fluoride , SnF2, is found in some toothpastes. Tin (III) fluoride is made by reacting solid tin with hydrogen fluoride according to the following BALANCED equation. Sn(s) + 2 HF (g) -> SnF2(s) + H2(g) How many moles of tin are needed to react with 8.4 moles of hydrogen fluoride ?
The number of moles of tin needed to react with 8.4 moles of hydrogen fluoride are 4.2 Moles. It can be founded with the help of limiting reagent concept.
What is Limiting reagent ?The limiting reactant (or limiting reagent) is the reactant that gets consumed first in a chemical reaction and therefore limits how much product can be formed.
Given Balance Chemical Equation ;
Sn (s) + 2 HF (g) → SnF₂ (s) + H₂ (g)
According to Equation,
2 Moles of HF requires = 1 Mole of Sn
Therefore,
8.4 Moles of HF will require = X Moles of Sn
Solving for X,
X = (8.4 mol × 1 mol) ÷ 2 mol
X = 4.2 Moles of Sn
Hence, The number of moles of tin needed to react with 8.4 moles of hydrogen fluoride are 4.2 Moles.
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To 100.0 g water at 25.00 ºc in a well-insulated container is added a block of aluminum initially at 100.0 ºc. the temperature of the water once the system reaches thermal equilibrium is 28.00 ºc. what is the mass of the aluminum block? (the specific heat capacity of al is 0.900 j g–1 k–1 .)