Answer:
Explanation:
The proximal tubules forms the part of the nephron of the kidney. It lies between the bowman's capsule and the Henle loop. The distal tubule is a part of the nephron of the kidney present in between the Henle loop and the collecting tubule.
The renal arteries forms branches of afferent and efferent arterioles which typically leads to the formation of the pertibular capillaries. These pertibular capillaries actually supplies the blood to the distal convoluted tubules and the proximal tubules.
The resting cardiac output from the left ventricle is about 5 liters.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
The correct answer is A.
Explanation:
For a young, healthy person, weighing 70kg, resting cardiac output is approximately 5 liters per minute (assuming a heart rate of 70 bpm)
70ml stroke volume x 70 beats per minute = 5 liters/min
Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each contraction (normal value 70ml)
The normal pacemaker of the heart is in the
a. bundle of His
b. ventricle
c. AV junction
d. right atrium
Answer:
The correct answer is D.
Explanation:
The normal pacemaker of the heart is the sinoatrial node (SA). It is a small mass of specialized cells located at right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava.
If the SA node is fail to function, a group of cells from the atrioventricular node can take over the pacemaker function.
Also the Bundle of His and the Purkinje fibers can take over pacemaker function if none of the above function properly.
Which organ system is responsible for controlling water balance in the body and removing waste from blood and excreting it?
A. Urinary system
B. Cardiovascular system
C. Digestive system
D. Lymphatic system
Answer:
A - Urinary System
The system is A. urinary system.
Explanation:Urinary system has the main function of producing, eliminating, and excreting the fluid wastage created by the kidney and also helps in maintaining the blood volume and blood pressure. The urinary system helps in maintaining chemicals and water balance in the body. Kidney acts as the primary organ for the urinary system.
Kidney filters the wastes and removes excessive water from the blood, thus creating urine. Ureters helps in carrying the urine from kidney to bladder.
Culturing bacteria from the oral cavity in a dish in the laboratory is an example of what type of study?
A. In vivo
B. in vitro
С. In situ
D. None of the above
Answer:
The best answer to the question: Culturing bacteria from the oral cavity in a dish in the laboratory is an example of what type of study? Would be, B: In vitro.
Explanation:
When talking about culturing of either bacteria or another type of microorganisms, it is important to know what is the purpose of this culturing, in order to select the best study methods. In the case of oral cavity bacteria, the best way to stdy them is through something called a closed system, or, the use of a petri dish and agar as a medium, with nutrients to make the bacteria present in the dental biofilm, to grow in a controlled manner. In this system, all variables are controlled and the purposes are very clear, which makes the use of this closed system much more efficient than more open ones, such as in vivo studies. This closed system of research for mouth bacteria is an example of in vitro studies, where inside a petri dish, with nutritious agar, and controlled variables, or a test tube, these bacteria are encouraged to grow, but it makes it easy for the scientist to predict exactly what will happen and what the outcome might be.
Culturing bacteria in a dish in the laboratory is an example of an in vitro study, which signifies experiments conducted in a controlled environment outside of a living organism.
Explanation:Culturing bacteria from the oral cavity in a dish in the laboratory is an example of an in vitro study. The term in vitro is Latin for 'in glass', referring to the glassware traditionally used in the laboratory setting. These types of studies are performed outside of a living organism, in a controlled environment like a petri dish or test tube. This is in contrast to in vivo studies, which are performed inside a living organism, and in situ studies, which are conducted in the original location where the subject or condition occurs.
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Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding regulation of pituitary hormone secretion by the hypothalamus?
A. All pituitary hormones are regulated by tropic hormones from the hypothalamus.
B. All anterior pituitary hormones are regulated by a release ing hormone from the hypothalamus.
C. All posterior pituitary hormones are regulated by a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.
D. All anterior pituitary hormones are tropic hormones
E. None of the above.
Answer:
The correct answer is option - A.
Explanation:
Hormones their target sites are other endocrine glands and act on these endocrine glands, known as tropic hormones. The pituitary gland is one of the gland that acts as a gland that releases tropic hormones and also regulated by the other tropic hormones released by the hypothalamus.
The hypothalamus releases several tropic hormones that inhibit and promoting hormones that regulate the pituitary glands.
Thus, the correct answer is option - A.
Final answer:
The accurate statement about the regulation of pituitary hormone secretion by the hypothalamus is that all anterior pituitary hormones are regulated by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus. (Option B)
Explanation:
The correct answer to the question regarding regulation of pituitary hormone secretion by the hypothalamus is: B. All anterior pituitary hormones are regulated by a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.
The anterior pituitary gland produces seven hormones: growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), melanin-stimulating hormone (MSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones are referred to as tropic hormones because they control the functioning of other organs. The secretion of these hormones is regulated by releasing hormones or inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus, which travel through the hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary.
The posterior pituitary is different from the anterior pituitary; it stores and releases hormones that are synthesized in the hypothalamus, such as vasopressin and oxytocin, rather than producing hormones itself. Therefore, it is not regulated by releasing hormones as the anterior pituitary is.
Provide a
possible mechanism why folate can mask vitamin B12
deficiency.
Answer:
Folate is bused to treat vitamin B12 deficiency.
Vitamin B12 deficiency causes anemia that affects neurological system and higher level of folate helps in preventing anemia by preventing deterioration of brain cells.
In B12 deficiency, folate cycle get disrupted that affects regeneration of methylene-tetrahydrofolate which is required for the synthesis of thymidine for DNA replication. Folate is trapped as methylfolate and causes folate deficiency which demands for the supply of folic acid.Folic acid is recommended to a B12-deficient patient, as it allows the reduction of folic acid to dihydrofolate and further to tetrahydrofolate which removes the blockage of folate. this helps in the masking of brain cells to get deteriorate due to deficiency of B12.
Like this Folate can mask vitamin B12 Deficiency.
High folate levels can mask vitamin B12 deficiency by compensating for B12's role in the methionine synthesis pathway, reducing homocysteine levels but not preventing neurological damage from B12 deficiency.
Explanation:Folate supplementation can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency because both vitamins are crucial in the methionine synthesis pathway. Folate participates in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, a process which also requires vitamin B12 as a cofactor. When folate levels are high, the body can compensate for a lack of B12 and reduce the associated high levels of homocysteine, thus masking the hematological symptoms of B12 deficiency, which can lead to megaloblastic anemia. However, this masking effect does not alleviate the potential neurological damage caused by B12 deficiency. Adequate intake of both vitamins is vital; B12 sources include liver, egg, meat, and fish, while folate is found in foods like liver, eggs, and leafy vegetables.
The human body tries its best to maintain a steady state of most of the internal conditions of the body, e.g. internal temperature, blood pressure, etc. This steady state is called:
A. Body state
B. Status quo
C. Straight and steady
D. Homeostasis
E. Bodystasis
Answer:
The correct answer is D.
Explanation:
Homeostasis is dynamic state of equilibrium kept by several physical and chemical conditions.
In this state the body functions optimal and is meant to be kept despite of external aggressions. It includes many variables, such as body temperature, blood pressure, pH, electrolyte concentrations, blood sugar level.
Exercise has little effect on cardiac output.
a. True
b. False
Final answer:
The statement about exercise having little effect on cardiac output is false. Cardiac output increases significantly during physical activity in order to meet the body's increased demand for oxygen and nutrients.
Explanation:
The statement "Exercise has little effect on cardiac output" is false. Cardiac output, which is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, increases significantly during exercise. This increase is necessary to meet the heightened demand for oxygen and nutrients by the body's tissues. In a healthy young adult, for example, cardiac output increases from about 5 liters per minute at rest to up to 20-30 liters per minute during maximal exercise.
Regular physical exercise has numerous benefits on the cardiovascular system, including improvements in mechanical efficiency of the heart and exercise tolerance. This can lead to enhanced performance in physical activities without excessive stress or fatigue. Also, exercise can lead to improvements in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and body weight, which are all risk factors for cardiovascular disease. During exercise, the increased heart rate and stroke volume work together to boost cardiac output, which helps to circulate blood and oxygen more effectively around the body.
Describe the visceral pleura, parietal pleura and pleural cavity.
Answer:
Visceral pleura: membrane that is in direct contact with the lungs
Parietal Pleura: membrane that is in direct contact with the inner part of the rib cage
Pleural Cavity: Space in between visceral and parietal pleura
Explanation:
The pleura is a membrane that covers the lungs, the mediastinum and the diaphragm, it divides in parietal and visceral. The parietal pleura is the external membrane that surrounds the inner part of the rib cage at the level of the lungs, lining also part of the diaphragm and the mediastinum. When the parietal pleura extends inwards enveloping the lungs it becomes the visceral pleura. These membranes protect the lungs and in between them there is a fluid filled space (pleural cavity) that cushions the respiratory movements, among other functions.
Which of the following eating disorders is associated with obesity?
a. Anorexia nervosa
b. Bulimia nervosa
c. Binge-eating disorder
d. Reverse anorexia
Answer: c. Binge-eating disorder
Explanation:
Binge is a eating disorder in which the person consumes large quantities of food often quickly and till the point the person experience discomfort due to overeating. In this eating disorder the person looses control over itself against the overeating. This leads to the condition of obesity. Other problems such as experience of shame, distress, guilt and purging to avoid the binge eating.
Binge-eating disorder is the eating disorder associated with obesity. It is characterized by episodes of compulsive overeating without compensatory behaviors.
Explanation:The eating disorder that is associated with obesity is binge-eating disorder. Binge-eating disorder is characterized by episodes of compulsive overeating, where a person consumes an excessive amount of food in a short period of time, but does not engage in compensatory behaviors like purging. This can lead to weight gain and obesity. Individuals with binge-eating disorder often experience feelings of guilt, shame, and loss of control over their eating behaviors.
after having the bone marrow biopsy which sleeping position is
required?
Answer:
If you had local anesthesia, you'll have to lie on your back for 10 to 15 minutes and apply pressure to the biopsy site.
Explanation:
A hormone carries out a single a single specific function.
a. True
b. False
Answer: False
Explanation:
A hormone can have multiple function based on the cell on which it is received which means that it depends on the receptor on which the hormone is received.
A single hormone has more than one specific function as it depends on receptors because one hormone can have multiple receptors.
The same can be coupled to different intracellular pathway in the different cell types.
hence, the given statement is False, a single hormone carries out different function.
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by
A) the coronary arteries.
B) arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries.
C) contact with blood in the pumping chambers.
D) the coronary sinus.
E) both A and C
Answer:
The correct option is: A) the coronary arteries
Explanation:
Coronary circulation is a part of the systemic circulatory system that is responsible for supplying oxygenated blood and draining the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscles.
In this circulatory system, the blood vessels responsible for supplying blood to the heart muscle, myocardium, are called coronary arteries. Whereas, the cardiac veins are responsible for draining away the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscles.
Evidence suggests that individuals who are overweight actually expend more calories than persons who are of normal weight.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
The best answer to the question: Evidence suggests that individudals who are overweight actually expend more calories than persons who are of normal weight, would be, A: True.
Explanation:
In recent research studies, especially carried out in Canada, it has been found out that the general belief that obese, or overweight, people, are couch potatoes and it is because of this that they are the way they are, may be wrong. Essentially, these studies followed groups of people and compared obese vs normal-weight people and found out two things: first, obese people move more in terms of steps, than normal-weight people, and two, and most amazingly, overweight people expend more calories than normal-weight people simply because their bodies, given their sheer size, have to use more energy to simply move. Thus, these studies showed that, although not by much, individuals with problems of weight do spend a bit more calories per activity, than normal-weight people.
When corpus luteum degenerates,
A. FSH and LH secretion start to rise as the inhibitory effects of the gonadal steroids are withdrawn
B. Circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone rapidly decline.
C. The endometrium sloughs off.
D. Both A and B occur
E. All of the above
Answer:
The best answer to the question: When the corpus luteum degenerates:___, would be, E: All of the above.
Explanation:
The process of human female reproduction is a very complex one. But center in it is the corpus luteum, a structure that develops from a follicle in the ovaries and which will be responsible for producing estrogens and progesterones to maintain pregnany in case there is egg fertilization, or, the dismantling of everything by decaying and thus stopping the outpour of these gonadal steroids. When fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum, by producing estrogen and progestorone, inhibits the further production of LH and FSH, and thus the entire process for a successful pregnancy takes place. But when this does not occur, LH and FSH increase again, progesterone, most especially, decreases, and as a result, the endometrium, which had been prepared for implantation, sloughs off. This is why the answer is E.
Lymph capillaries are found in the
a. epidermis
b. muscles
c. bone marrow
d. central nervous system
e. dermis
Answer:
The correct answer is e. dermis
Explanation:
Lymph capillaries are thin walled capillaries interwoven with blood capillaries and found throughout the body except nervous system, bone marrow, and tissues that do not contain vascular tissue like epidermis.
The role of lymphatic capillaries is to collect the extra fluid which is secreted by the tissues in the intercellular spaces. This fluid is called lymph and is clear and transparent and contains WBCs and plasma.
Lymph is different from blood because it do not contain RBCs and platelets. Lymphatic vessels are important part of body immunity because it contains many WBCs in their lymph helpful in fighting diseases.
For each sentence, choose the matching choice that correctly fills in the blank. Some choices are used once, and the others are used not at all. Questions refer to humans in anatomical position except where noted. (Choices: contralateral, cranial, deep, dorsal, inferior, lateral, superficial, superior, ventral.)
(1) The thumb is ___________ to the palm of the same hand.
(2) The trunk is ___________ to the head.
(3) In a four-legged animal like a dog or a crocodile, the neck is ___________ to the tail.
(4) The right lung is ___________ to the left lung.
(5) The skeleton is___________ to the skin.
The secretion of of hormone A causes an increase in activity X in an organism. If this mechanism works by positive feedback, which of the following statements represents that fact?
A. An increase in X produces an increase in A
B. An increase in X produces a decrease in A
C. A increase in A produces an increase in X.
D. A decrease in A produces an increase in X.
E. Both A and C are correct.
Answer:
E. is the correct answer
Explanation:
C. An increase in A produces an increase in X.
This statement can be directly concluded from the description of the effects of hormone A on the activity of X in the problem.
A. An increase in X produces an increase in A
This statement can be concluded from the fact that A and X work in a positive feedback mechanism.
In a positive feedback mechanism, a stimulus produces a response (secretion of hormone A) which has an effect (increase in X) that increases the original stimulus. A cycle is created, in which secretion of A causes an increase of X, and the increase of X causes an increased secretion of A.
To shut off the positive feedback cycle, an outside factor is required.
The vomeronasal organ:
a. is the structure that joins the nasal cavity and the vomer bone.
b. is vestigial with no known function in the adult.
c. may be able to respond to complex chemicals called pheromones.
d. Both A and C are correct
Answer: d. Both A and C are correct
Explanation:
Vomeronasal organ also known as Jacobson's organ. It forms the part of the olfactory system of reptiles, amphibians and mammals. It is a chemoreceptor. The patch of sensory cells within the nasal chamber detects the odor and it's associated chemical. It can detect the airborn odours and pheromones or scents.
The vomeronasal organ, or Jacobson's organ, is an olfactory structure sensitive to pheromones, connected to the nasal cavity, and implicated in the flehmen response in animals. Its functionality in humans remains a subject of debate among scientists.
Explanation:The vomeronasal organ (VNO), also known as Jacobson's organ, is a tubular, fluid-filled olfactory organ found in many vertebrates that is highly sensitive to pheromones. It sits adjacent to the nasal cavity and is connected to it by a duct. When molecules dissolve in the mucosa of the nasal cavity, they can enter the VNO where pheromone molecules bind with specialized receptors. This interaction often leads to a behavioral response known as the flehmen response in certain animals, such as cats, which involves a curling of the upper lip to facilitate the entry of pheromone molecules into the VNO.
While the VNO's role in humans is controversial, some scientists consider it to be functionally vestigial, yet others suggest it may have an unrecognized function, possibly related to the synchronization of menstrual cycles among women living closely together.
The leading cause of kidney failure in the United States is ________.
Answer:
The answer is: Diabetes
Explanation:
In the United States of America, diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure.
Diabetes is a serious medical condition, characterized by prolonged high blood sugar levels in the human body. It is caused due to the insufficient production of insulin or cells of the body being unresponsive towards the produced insulin.
Complications of this disease include kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, stroke, eye damage and foot ulcers.
Final answer:
The leading cause of kidney failure in the United States is diabetic nephropathy, a progressive kidney disease caused by poor blood sugar control in people with diabetes.
Explanation:
The leading cause of kidney failure in the United States is diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease caused by damage to the capillaries in the glomeruli of the kidneys due to poor blood sugar control in people with diabetes. It is not fully understood how diabetes leads to this damage, but high levels of glucose in the blood are thought to be involved. Other risk factors for diabetic nephropathy include high blood pressure, a history of cigarette smoking, and a family history of kidney problems.
The functional unit of the kidney is called the nephron and is comprised of
a) Bowman's capsule
b) None of these
c) All of these
d) Renal tubule
e) Glomerulus
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The nephron is the microscopic structure found in the kidney. It is the structural and functional unit of kidney.
It is composed of renal tubule, glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The renal corpuscles consists of a tuft of capillaries which is known as glomerulus.
Bowman's Capsule can be defined as a sac like structure that lies at the starting of the tubular part of a nephron in a kidney. It performs the first step of filtration of blood that reaches the kidney.
Hence, the correct answer is all of these.
The nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, is comprised of the Bowman's capsule, the Renal tubule, and the Glomerulus. The Glomerulus initiates the filtration process, and the filtered blood enters the Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule takes part in reabsorption and secretion.
Explanation:The functional unit of the kidney, known as the nephron, is comprised of different elements, each playing its unique role in the process of ultrafiltration and urine formation. These elements include the Bowman's capsule, the Renal tubule, and the Glomerulus. Therefore, the correct answer to this question is c) All of these.
The Glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels where the filtration of blood plasma begins. This filtered blood then enters the Bowman's capsule, a cup-like sac that surrounds the Glomerulus and collects the filtrate. The renal tubule, on the other hand, is a tube where necessary substances are reabsorbed back into the blood, and unwanted substances are secreted into the urine.
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Action potentials pass from one myocardal cell to another through areas of low electrical resistance called
a. gap junctions
b. fibrous heart rings
c. electromagnetic discs
d. sarcolemma sclerotic plaques
e. tight junctions
Answer: a. Gap junctions
Explanation:
The electrical activation or potential initiate and transfer from one cell to another through gap junction. The gap junctions transfers proteins , ions and small molecules from cell to cell required for electrical conduction.
Most hypothalamic and pituitary hormones are:
A. Amino acids.
B. Peptides/proteins
C. Steroids
D. Eicosanoids
E. Catecholamines
Answer:
The correct answer is B. Peptides/proteins
Explanation:
Peptide or protein hormones are made up of amino acid polymers. Smaller peptide hormones are made up of 3-49 amino acid and larger protein hormones consists of 50-200 amino acids.
Most of the hormones produced by hypothalamus and pituitary are peptide/protein hormone like Growth hormone, prolactin, oxytocin released by pituitary are made up of peptides.
Some of the peptide hormones have carbohydrate group attached with proteins and are called glycoproteins for example luteinizing hormone is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by anterior pituitary which stimulate gonads to produce androgen.
Final answer:
Most hypothalamic and pituitary hormones are b) peptides/proteins, synthesized as polypeptide chains of amino acids.
Explanation:
The majority of hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are either peptides or proteins. These include hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin), oxytocin, growth hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These hormones are synthesized as polypeptide chains of amino acids, similar to how other body proteins are produced. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is B. Peptides/proteins.
What are the 4 reasons the performance improvement programs
are evaluated and what are a few key questions that should be
answered in the performance improvement evaluation
process?
Answer:
Explanation:
The performance improvement programs are observed, monitored, also the result based activities in which the employees are expected to perform better under this program.
The 4 reasons for the evaluation of the performance improvement evaluation are as follows:
1. The plan provides a detail feedback, that helps in recognizing the performance.
2. Cause employs to remain engaged in the set goals.
3. It emphasis for thanking the employees for performing their goals.
4. It allows the check in of the overall progress of goals and duties which can help in scrutinize the program.
The questions that should be answered in Performance improvement evaluation process are as follows:
1. To give an idea to the employee to improve the performance in the future.
2. To address and justifies the termination policy for the staff employees. 3. It identifies the reason for poor performance.
3. To justify the warning actions against any employ.
4. To justify the termination of the staff from the employment.
What do urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, and orchiditis have in common?
a. All of these conditions can occur in any of the stages.
b. All of these conditions can be caused by sexually transmitted infections
c. All of these conditions can occur in men and women.
d. All of these conditions cause the formation of abnormal sperm
Answer:
The correct answer is b. All of these conditions can be caused by sexually transmitted infections.
Explanation:
Inflammation of urethra is called urethritis which is mostly caused by bacterial infection. Neisseria gonorrhea and is the most common bacterial cause of urethritis. It is mostly transmitted sexually.
Prostatitis is the condition in which prostate gland swells due to sexually transmitted bacterial infection like Neisseria gonorrhea or Chlamydia.
Epididymis is a hollow tube that carries the sperm from the testes. When this tube swells due to bacterial infection mostly from Neisseria gonorrhea or Chlamydia then the condition is called epididymitis. Orchiditis is the swelling of testes due to epididymitis.
Thus, all can be transmitted sexually so the correct answer is b. All of these conditions can be caused by sexually transmitted infections.
Another name for urinary tract infection is ______________-.
Answer:
The answer to the question: Another name for urinary tract infection is:___, would be: cystitis.
Explanation:
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), are also known as cystitis. These infections are most commonly caused by colonization of the urinary tract by bacteria from the GI tract due to wrong hygiene procedures, certain sexual activities, among other reasons, and sometimes, they can be repetitive and very difficult to treat. Cystitis, or unrinary tract infections are most common in women, given the closeness to the anus, and also, because of the use of tight clothing, and certain pads that enhance heat, humidity and also access from the anus to the urethra. Once the bacteria are inside the urethra, they ascend, invade and colonize mostly the urethra and bladder, and thus cause this form of infection. A more complicated form is a renal infection, in which, the bacteria that originally colonized the lower urinary tract, ascend so far as to reach the kidneys themselves.
Gas exchange, the lungs' main and vital function, takes place in the
a. bronchioles.
b. secondary bronchi.
c. primary bronchi.
d. alveoli.
Answer:
d. alveoli
Explanation:
Alveoli -
It is an important and crucial part of the respiratory system , the main function of alveoli is the exchange of gases ,
The structure of Alveoli is a balloon shaped air sacs , which are present in the terminating end of the bronchial branches .
The thickness of alveoli is only one cell thick , whihc allows the exchange of gases .
Gas exchange, the lungs' main and vital function, takes place in the D. alveoli.
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the alveoli. Air travels through the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles before reaching the alveoli. The alveoli are in close contact with capillaries for efficient gas exchange.
When we breathe in, air travels from the pharynx to the trachea, which then divides into the primary bronchi. The primary bronchi further branch into secondary bronchi, and eventually into smaller passages called bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles are structures called alveolar ducts which lead to alveolar sacs. Each alveolar sac contains many alveoli, which are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs. The walls of the alveoli are in direct contact with capillaries, allowing oxygen to diffuse into the blood and carbon dioxide to diffuse out to be exhaled.
The three structures found at the renal hilum are the ___________, ___________ and ___________.
Answer:
The answer is: Renal artery, Renal vessels and Renal ureters.
Explanation:
Renal hilum refers to the depression or fissure for where the nerves, ureter and the vessels, enters or exits the kidney.
In other words, renal hilum is a deep longitudinal fissure that transmits the nerves, ureter and the vessels of the kidney.
At the renal hilum, the renal artery enters, the renal vein exits, and the renal pelvis or ureter exits the kidney.
Extrinsic stains on the teeth can be due to which of the following?
a. food
b. wine
c. tea
d. all of the above
Answer: d. all of abobe
Explanation: Hi, the answer is D.all of above.
There are many circumstances that can cause discolored teeth. Most of the time, the stains are “extrinsic,” affecting the tooth enamel alone.
An example of extrinsic discoloration is stains caused by foods or beverages. Black tea or coffee; wines, both red and white; and darkly colored foods such as beets or chocolate are prime culprits. Other foods likely to stain teeth are berries, popsicles, candies and pickles
Extrinsic stains on the teeth can be caused by food, wine, and tea, making 'all of the above' the correct answer. These substances are known for staining teeth, which underscores the need for thorough oral hygiene practices.
Explanation:Extrinsic stains on the teeth can be caused by a variety of substances that we consume. These include food, wine, and tea. Each of these can contribute to discoloration on the tooth's surface, highlighting the importance of oral hygiene in preventing and managing extrinsic tooth stains.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question of what can cause extrinsic stains on the teeth is d. all of the above. Foods with intense colors, wines - especially red wine, and teas, which contain tannins, are well-known contributors to tooth staining. Brushing teeth regularly, flossing, and visiting the dentist can help manage these types of stains.
Decribe the position of the Larynx.
Answer:
Explanation:
The larynx is the organ which is situated below the tract where the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus. It is present in the vocal folds of the throat. It is responsible for manipulating the volume and pitch of the sound produce by the throat for speech. It other functions such as it protects the airway from choking, and it regulates the flow of air into the lungs.