what is the relationship between ionic bonds and cleavage

Xylem- brings glucose and nutrients up from the roots to the rest of the plant; This tissue is dead at maturity.

I'd say the closest answer is probably d. absorbing water from the soil.

Final answer:

In prophase II of meiosis, each cell contains 10 chromosomes (n=10), which are the haploid number resulting from the division in meiosis I.

Explanation:

If 2n = 20, this signifies that the organism's diploid number of chromosomes is 20. In meiosis, specifically during prophase II, the cells are haploid. This means that after the completion of meiosis I, each cell has already halved the number of chromosomes from the diploid number to the haploid number (n). Essentially, each cell in prophase II of meiosis contains n = 10 chromosomes. It's important to note that these chromosomes are still in the form of sister chromatids, which are duplicates of each other and connected at the centromere, ready to be separated into two cells at the end of meiosis II.

The cellular machinery responsible for assembling proteins, known as ribosomes, are synthesized in the nucleus (plural, nuclei), which also houses the genetic material, or DNA, of the cell. Therefore, R.

When discussing genomics, the term "nucleus" refers to the organelle within a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and houses the chromosomes. The nuclear membrane has a network of pores that allow for the controlled entry and exit of particular molecules (like proteins and nucleic acids) into and out of the nucleus.

The nucleus, which is also where ribosomes are made, houses the genetic material, or DNA, of the cell. The biological components known as ribosomes are in charge of assembling proteins.

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There appears to have been several waves of movement of modern humans out of Africa to other continents. The earliest was approximately 270,000 years ago, and then again around 130,000 years ago. These earlier migrations appeared to have mostly died out.

The most significant wave occurred 70,000 years ago, which spread along the coast of Asia, reaching Australia around 65,000–50,000 years ago. 

A polypeptide is a single linear chain of many amino acids, held together by amide bonds. A protein consists of one or more polypeptides (more than about 50 amino acids long). An oligopeptide consists of only a few amino acids (between two and twenty).  

A polypeptide

A bunch of amino acids attached together is called a protein.

Protein can be found throughout the body in almost every organ or tissue, including muscle, bone, skin, and hair. It creates the hemoglobin that carries oxygen for your blood as well as the enzymes that drive numerous chemical reactions.

Amino acids join together to form polypeptides, which are another name for proteins, through a chain of peptide bonds.

Amide bonds connect the amino acids that make up a polypeptide to form a linear chain. A polypeptide or many polypeptides make up a protein (more than 50 amino acids long). Only a few amino acids make up an oligopeptide (between two and twenty).

Therefore, a protein is a collection of connected amino acids.

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Answer:

Hybrid

Explanation:

The offspring of crosses between parents with different true breeding traits is called as hybrid. The true breeding parents are homozygous for the trait and carry two copies of either dominant or recessive allele for the trait. Crossing between two pure breeding parents produce a hybrid that is heterozygous for the trait. The hybrid carries one dominant and one recessive allele for the trait.

Alpine glaciers reshape a mountain's topography via erosion, creating features like sharp peaks and serrated edges. The movement of glaciers, facilitated by pressure-induced melting beneath them, causes the gradual wearing down of the mountainous rocks. Additionally, shifting climate gradients due to global warming can prompt further changes.

An alpine glacier can significantly alter a mountain's topography through processes of erosion. When a mountain range is created through the upthrusting of the Earth's crust, its rocks become vulnerable to erosion caused by elements like wind, water, and ice. In particular, ice—through the form of moving glaciers—carves and shapes the mountain.

The immense pressure beneath glaciers leads to partial melting, which results in a water layer enabling glacial movement. As glaciers move, they scrape against the mountainous rocks, gradually wearing them down and dramatically changing the terrain's shape. Over time, this process results in features such as sharp peaks and serrated edges often associated with mountain ranges.

Moreover, climate gradients also contribute to these changes. As global warming intensifies, these gradients move higher up the mountains, potentially transforming habitats and changing the overall climate of these elevations. Subsequently, the continual melting and freezing cycles of glaciers could be jeopardized, impacting the supply of freshwater from higher elevation mountains.

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Final answer:

In the absence of Tamiflu, a Tamiflu-resistance gene in a new virus strain will likely persist in the population if it neither benefits nor incurs a cost to the virus, due to the lack of selective pressure.

Explanation:

The scenario described outlines a process where swine, acting as an intermediate host, allow for the reassortment of genetic material between bird flu virus and human flu virus, potentially leading to the formation of a new virus strain that carries a gene for Tamiflu resistance. Given the absence of Tamiflu in the new environment, the fate of the Tamiflu-resistance gene depends on its impact on the virus's fitness in that environment. If the gene confers no advantage and also does not incur any cost to the virus, it is likely to persist in the population due to genetic drift, as there is no selective pressure for or against it. This is supported by evolutionary principles which state that in the absence of selective pressure, neutral mutations (those that neither benefit nor harm the organism) can persist in the gene pool.

The correct sequence of classification levels from broadest to specific is Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. Each classification sets apart characteristics, with the Domain being the broadest and Species being the most unique.

In the field of Biology, the recognized hierarchy of classification, from the broadest to most specific, is as follows: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. Each level narrows down an organism's traits to distinctive aspects, with the Domain being the broadest and Species being the most specific. For instance, Homo sapiens (Humans) falls under Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Primates, Family Hominidae, Genus Homo, and Species sapiens.

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The peptide bond is responsible for holding the amino acids together.

A bond that is formed by a dehydration synthesis reaction happening at a molecular level between two molecules of amino acids is called a peptide bond.  

This kind of reaction is also called a condensation reaction. This usually happens between amino acids. The two amino acids combine with each other to form a peptide bond through a reaction termed dehydration synthesis.

During this reaction, the carboxyl group of one of the amino acids loses a hydroxyl group. The amino group from the other amino acid also loses hydrogen from the ammonia group. The hydroxyl group in the first amino acid is replaced by nitrogen and that is how a peptide bond is formed.

Also, this is why the peptide bonds are also referred to as substituted amide linkages. Both the amino acids in the peptide bonds are covalently bonded with each other. The amino acids that are formed are also called a dipeptide.

Therefore peptide bonds hold amino acids together.

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Claude Bernard figured out that red blood cells transport oxygen by binding to hemoglobin and was a serious rival to Mendeleev and even split the award that named the co-discoverers of the "periodic law."

The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin is called oxyhemoglobin. This is formed when oxygen binds to the heme component of the protein hemoglobin in red blood cells.

This process of formation of oxyhemoglobin takes place in the pulmonary capillaries that are typically adjacent to the alveoli of the lungs.

It was the time when Mendeleev and Claude Bernard were busy with their work respectively. Both works are extremely important for each of them. And it may be thought that it was a serious rivalry between both in their respective fields.

Therefore, Claude Bernard figured out that red blood cells transport oxygen by binding to hemoglobin.

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Final answer:

The statement is true; eukaryotic chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins, forming a structure known as chromatin. This structure is only organized into distinct chromosomes during cell division, otherwise existing as a less condensed chromatin form within the nucleus.

Explanation:

The statement that eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of both DNA and proteins is true. In eukaryotic cells, DNA forms a complex with histone proteins to create chromatin, which makes up the substance of the chromosomes. Chromosomes are essential structures within the nucleus that contain the hereditary material, organized into a specific number for each eukaryotic species.

During the growth and maintenance phases of a cell's life cycle, the chromosomes are not easily distinguishable. Instead, they are present in a less condensed form known as chromatin, which is an unwound, jumbled arrangement of these DNA-protein complexes. This structure becomes more condensed and organized into clearly visible chromosomes only when a cell is preparing to divide.

The entire genetic content of a cell is known as its genome. In eukaryotic cells, the chromosomes play a crucial role in the genetic organization, whereas in prokaryotes, the DNA is typically found in a single, circular chromosome form that is not associated with proteins in the same way.