what roles does sound play in shaping the physical world

Tycho Brahe

Johannes Kepler

Nicolaus Copernicus

Sir Isaac Newton

Robert Hooke

The scientists contributed to discovering the universal law of gravitation are Tycho Brahe,  Johannes Kepler , Nicolaus Copernicus , Sir Isaac  Newton , and Robert Hooke .

Science is the methodical, empirically-based pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social worlds.

A method of learning about the world is science. Science allows people to participate in the creation of new knowledge as well as use that knowledge to further their goals.

Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Nicolaus Copernicus, Sir Isaac Newton, and Robert Hooke are the scientists who made significant contributions to the discovery of the gravitational constant.

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To find the initial speed of the bullet, we can use the conservation of linear momentum. By applying the conservation of momentum equation, we can solve for the initial velocity of the bullet. In this case, the initial velocity of the bullet is found to be 0 m/s.

To find the initial speed of the bullet, we need to consider the conservation of linear momentum. The initial momentum of the bullet is equal to the final momentum of the bullet and the block together.

The momentum of an object is given by the product of its mass and velocity. The bullet has a mass of 9.00 g and its velocity is the initial speed we want to find. The block has a mass of 1.20 kg and its velocity is 0 m/s initially.

Applying the conservation of momentum, we have: (mass of bullet) × (initial velocity of bullet) = (mass of bullet + mass of block) × (final velocity of bullet + block).

Since the bullet remains embedded in the block, the final velocity of the bullet and block together is 0 m/s. Plugging in the values, we can solve for the initial velocity of the bullet.

9.00 g × (initial velocity of bullet) = (9.00 g + 1.20 kg) × 0

(initial velocity of bullet) = 0 / (10.2 g)

(initial velocity of bullet) = 0 m/s

Answer:

b  

Explanation:

Rolling friction is a force resisting motion when an object rolls on a surface. An example could be a ball rolling or a tire.

Since there is not quite enough energy for transition from n=1 to n=2. So, the photons will pass through the gas chamber without affecting the gas.

Further explanation:

If the energy of photons is enough to excite all the electrons to go in higher state, the electron absorbs the energy of photon and go from a lower energy state to higher energy state. Transition of electron from lower energy state t higher energy state depends on the energy of photons.

Given:

The wavelength of the photons directed through a chamber of hydrogen gas atoms is [tex]656\text{ nm}[/tex].

The electron is excited from the energy state [tex]n=1[/tex] to higher energy state.

Concept:

The energy associated with a photon is given by the following relation.

[tex]E = \dfrac{{hc}}{\lambda}[/tex]

Here, [tex]E[/tex] is the energy associated with photon, [tex]h[/tex] is the plank constant, [tex]c[/tex] is the speed of the light and [tex]\lambda[/tex] is the wavelength associated with photon.

Substitute [tex]6.625\times{10^{-34}}\text{ J}\cdot\text{s}[/tex] for [tex]h[/tex], [tex]3.00\times{10^8}\text{ m/s}}[/tex] for [tex]c[/tex] and [tex]656\text{ nm}[/tex] for [tex]\lambda[/tex] in the above expression.

[tex]\begin{aligned}E&=\frac{{\left( {6.625 \times {{10}^{ - 34}}\,{\text{Js}}} \right)\left( {3.0 \times {{10}^8}\,{\text{m/s}}} \right)}}{{\left( {656 \times {{10}^{ - 9}}\,{\text{m}}} \right)}}\\&=3.0281 \times {10^{-19}}\,{\text{J}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

Rydberg equations is used to find out the energy level of an electron while transition from one energy state to another energy state.

[tex]\dfrac{1}{\lambda}=R{z^2}\left({\dfrac{1}{{n_1^2}}-\dfrac{1}{{n_2^2}}}\right)[/tex]

Here, [tex]\lambda[/tex]  is the wavelength of the photons directed through a chamber, [tex]R[/tex] is the Rydberg constant, [tex]z[/tex] is the atomic number of hydrogen atom, [tex]{n_1}[/tex] is the lower energy state and [tex]{n_2}[/tex] is the higher energy state.

Substitute [tex]656\times{10^{-9}}\,{\text{m}}[/tex] for [tex]\lambda[/tex], [tex]1.0973 \times {10^7}\,{{\text{m}}^{{\text{-1}}}}[/tex] for [tex]R[/tex], [tex]1[/tex] for [tex]z[/tex] and [tex]1[/tex] for [tex]{n_1}[/tex] in the above expression.

[tex]\dfrac{1}{{\left( {656 \times {{10}^{ - 9}}\,{\text{m}}} \right)}} = \left( {1.0973 \times {{10}^7}{\mkern 1mu} {{\text{m}}^{{\text{-1}}}}} \right){\left( 1 \right)^2}\left( {\dfrac{1}{{{{\left( 1 \right)}^2}}}-\dfrac{1}{{n_2^2}}}\right)[/tex]

Simplify the above expression for [tex]{n_2}[/tex]

[tex]\begin{aligned}{n_2}&=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{{0.861}}}\\&=1.08\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

From the above result it can be concluded that photons with wavelength [tex]656\text{ nm}[/tex] does not have enough energy to cause an electron to jump even one level higher.

Thus, there is not quite enough energy for transition from n=1 to n=2. So, the photons will pass through the gas chamber without affecting the gas.

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Answer Details:

Grade: College

Subject: Physics

Chapter: Modern physics

Keywords:

Photons, light, energy, 656 nm, 656 times 10^-9 m, 6.56 times 10^-7 m, directed, chamber, hydrogen, gas atom, ground state, ni=1, 1.071, few, absorbed, quite enough, electrons, nf=2.

Final answer:

When photons with an energy of 656 nm pass through a chamber of hydrogen gas, the gas atoms can absorb these photons, causing the electrons to transition to higher energy levels.

Explanation:

When photons of light with an energy of 656 nm pass through a chamber of hydrogen gas atoms, the gas atoms can absorb photons that have the exact energy required to raise an electron from one energy level to another. In this case, the 656 nm photons have just the right energy to raise an electron in a hydrogen atom from the second to the third orbit.

When the hydrogen atoms absorb the 656 nm photons, the electrons that were initially in the second energy level will move to the third energy level, resulting in a number of missing photons of this wavelength and energy from the general stream of light passing through the gas. This phenomenon is known as absorption.

In summary, when photons with an energy of 656 nm pass through a chamber of hydrogen gas, the hydrogen gas atoms can absorb these photons, causing the electrons to transition to higher energy levels.

Answer:

  0.125 J/(g·k)

Explanation:

Specific heat has units of J/(g·K), so we find the value by dividing the energy by the product of mass and temperature change.

  (10^4 J)/(2·10^3 g·(60 -20)K) = 10/(2·40) J/(g·K) = 0.125 J/(g·k)

The wavelength of the microwave radiation produced by microwave oven is [tex]\boxed{1.1\times {10^8}\,{\text{nm}}}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

A microwave is an appliance which is used to heat and cook food by direct exposing it to electromagnetic radiation. Microwave oven uses radio waves to heat and cook food. A magnetron is used as a source of microwave radiation.

The radiation travels with the speed of light inside the microwave oven.

Given:

The operational frequency of the microwave oven is [tex]2.70\text{ GHz}[/tex].

The speed of the radiation is [tex]3\times10^{8}\text{ m/s}[/tex].

Concept:

The frequency and wavelength of an electromagnetic radiation are related according to the following expression.  

[tex]c=f \cdot \,\lambda[/tex]

Rearrange the above expression for [tex]\lambda[/tex] .

[tex]\boxed{\lambda=\dfrac{c}{f}}[/tex]                                 …… (1)

Here, [tex]c[/tex] is the speed of light, [tex]f[/tex] is the frequency of the radiation and [tex]\lambda[/tex] is the wavelength of the radiation.

Converting [tex]\text{GHz}[/tex] into [tex]\text{Hz}[/tex].

[tex]2.70\,{\text{GHz=2}}{\text{.70}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^9}\,{\text{Hz}}[/tex]

Substitute [tex]3.00 \times {10^8}\,{\text{m/s}}[/tex] for [tex]c[/tex] and [tex]2.70 \times {10^9}\,{\text{Hz}}[/tex] for [tex]f[/tex] in equation (1).  

[tex]\begin{aligned}\lambda&=\frac{{3.00 \times {{10}^8}\,{\text{m/s}}}}{{2.70 \times {{10}^9}\,{\text{Hz}}}} \\&=0.11\,{\text{m}} \\&=1.1\times10^{8}\text{ nm} \\ \end{aligned}[/tex]

Thus, the wavelength of the microwave radiation produced by microwave oven is [tex]\boxed{1.1\times {10^8}\,{\text{nm}}}[/tex].

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Answer Details:  

Grade: High school  

Subject: Physics  

Chapter: Electromagnetic radiation  

Keywords:  

Microwave oven, 2.70 GHz, 2.70 ghz, 2.70 times 10^9 Hz, wavelength, numerically, nanometers, 0.11 m, 0.11 times 10^9 nm, 1.1 times 10^8 nm , magnetron, 0.11 times 10power9 nm, 1.1 times 10 power 8 nm.

The wavelength of the radiation produced by the microwave oven is approximately 111,111,111 nanometers.

To find the wavelength of the radiation produced by a microwave oven operating at 2.70 GHz, you can use the formula:

Wavelength (λ) = Speed of Light (c) / Frequency (f)

Where:

Speed of Light (c) = 3 x [tex]10^8[/tex] meters per second (approximately)

Frequency (f) = 2.70 GHz = 2.70 x [tex]10^9[/tex] Hertz

Now, plug these values into the formula:

λ = (3  x [tex]10^8[/tex]  m/s) / (2.70 x [tex]10^9[/tex] Hz)

λ = 0.1111 meters.

To express this wavelength in nanometers, you can convert meters to nanometers. There are 1 billion nanometers in a meter, so:

λ ≈ 0.1111 meters * 1,000,000,000 nanometers/meter ≈ 111,111,111.11 nanometers

Hence , The wavelength of the radiation produced by the microwave oven is approximately 111,111,111 nanometers.

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Answer:

[tex]\rho = \frac{RA}{L}[/tex]

Explanation:

.As we know that the resistance of the wire is given as

[tex]R = \rho \frac{L}{A}[/tex]

here we know that

A = cross-sectional area

L = length

R = resistance of wire

now multiply both sides of above equation with Area

[tex]R A = \rho L[/tex]

now divide both sides with length of the wire

[tex]\rho = \frac{RA}{L}[/tex]

so above is the expression of resistivity of wire in terms of resistance, Area and length of the wire

With the known value of v (speed of sound in the medium, e.g., 343 m/s) and the desired change in frequency (25% or 0.25), you can calculate the speed you must approach the source of sound to observe a 25% change in frequency.

To observe a 25% change in frequency (Doppler effect) when approaching a source of sound, you need to know the relative velocity between you and the source of sound. The Doppler effect occurs when there is relative motion between the observer and the source of the sound.

The formula for calculating the apparent frequency (f') observed by a moving observer due to the Doppler effect is:

f' = f * (v + vo) / (v - vs)

Where:

f' = Apparent frequency observed by the moving observer

f = Actual frequency of the sound emitted by the source

v = Speed of sound in the medium (approximately 343 meters per second in air at room temperature)

vo = Velocity of the observer (positive if moving towards the source, negative if moving away from it)

vs = Velocity of the source of sound (positive if moving away from the observer, negative if moving towards it)

Since  want to observe a 25% change in frequency, the apparent frequency (f') would be 25% different from the actual frequency (f):

f' = 1.25 * f

Assuming the observer is moving towards the source (vo is positive), we can rewrite the equation as:

1.25 × f = f × (v + vo) / (v - vs)

Now, we can solve for the relative velocity vo:

(v + vo) / (v - vs) = 1.25

Cross-multiply:

v + vo = 1.25 * (v - vs)

Now, isolate vo:

vo = 1.25 × (v - vs) - v

With the known value of v (speed of sound in the medium, e.g., 343 m/s) and the desired change in frequency (25% or 0.25), you can calculate the speed you must approach the source of sound to observe a 25% change in frequency.

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Answer:

C. Photosphere

Explanation:

The lights shown in the figure comes from the outermost layer of the Sun. This layer is called photosphere.

This is the layer from where the light of the Sun is radiated, before travelling through space and reaching us.

The photosphere is the coldest layer of the Sun: its surface temperature is between 4500 and 6000 K. Its width is approximately 100 km.

A characteristic of the photosphere is the presence of the sunspots, which appear as darker spots, and are regions of lower temperature caused by a concentration of magnetic flux.

The correct option is Option C( Photosphere).The photosphere is the layer of the sun responsible for producing the visible light we see. It has a temperature range of 4500 K to 6800 K. The photosphere is the sun's visible surface.

Answer:

The wave would move faster through the water than through the steam

Explanation:

A mechanical wave is a wave that is transmitted through the oscillations of the particles in a medium. The closer the particles in the medium are, the more efficient the transmission of the wave is (because the collisions between the particles are more frequent), and so the faster the wave.

For this reason, mechanical waves travel faster in liquids (such as water) than in gases (such as the steam): because particles in liquids are closer together than in gases, where they are more spread apart. Therefore, the correct choice is

The wave would move faster through the water than through the steam

Final answer:

The change in potential energy of the spring is 152.19 J.

Explanation:

The potential energy of a spring is given by the equation PE = (1/2)kx², where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement of the spring. In this case, the change in length of the spring is 0.53 m (0.79 m - 0.26 m). We can calculate the potential energy change using the formula and given values:

PE = (1/2)(1140 N/m)(0.53 m)² = 152.19 J

Therefore, the change in potential energy of the spring is 152.19 J.

Carbon-14 is an example of a radioactive isotope because this element can emit radioactivity.

Radioactivity is a property where an element can emit energy and atomic particles in a spontaneous manner.

Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number and position in the periodic table, and that differ in nucleon numbers due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

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The question involves physics and vector subtraction to determine the wind's speed and direction affecting an airplane's travel based on its heading and ground velocity.

The student is asking about determining the wind's speed and direction based on an airplane's velocity relative to the ground and its intended heading. To solve for this, we need to use vector subtraction since the airplane's ground velocity can be thought of as a combination of its own speed and the wind's influence. Given that the airplane is heading north at 45.0 m/s and its ground speed is 38.0 m/s at an angle west of north, the wind's speed and direction are the vectors that need to be added to the airplane's heading to equal the ground speed vector. A vector diagram would need to be drawn, and trigonometry would be used to calculate the magnitude of the wind's vector and its angle relative to the west.

Answer:

When different countries use different forms of measurement there is many different mistakes and confusion that can happen.

Explanation:

Final answer:

Different units of measure can cause confusion and serious mishaps in critical fields like medicine and aviation. Unit conversion is essential for clear communication, with dimensional analysis being a key tool for accurate conversions. Appropriate units must be used in context to avoid misunderstandings.

Explanation:

Different units of measure can lead to confusion, miscommunication, and even dangerous situations if not properly managed. This is particularly true in fields where precise measurements are critical, such as medicine, engineering, and aviation.

One famous example is the loss of the Mars Climate Orbiter spacecraft in 1999 due to the use of English units in the software while engineers used metric units for its development. Similarly, in 1983, an Air Canada plane ran out of fuel and had to make an emergency landing because the fuel tanks were filled using pounds instead of kilograms. Even in daily life, incorrect unit conversion can be problematic, such as when dispensing medication and precise dosages are required for safety.

To avoid such missteps, unit conversion is necessary. By converting units, we effectively communicate the same quantity in different terms. For example, 12 inches can also be expressed as 1 foot, but both units describe the identical length. Understanding dimensional analysis is key to accurate conversion and communication of measurements.

When selecting appropriate units, context is important to convey measurements accurately. The distance between two towns is best measured in kilometers or miles, the weight of a peanut in grams, the length of a hand in centimeters, and the volume of a raindrop in milliliters. Using the correct units ensures clarity and avoids confusion.

When solar radiation reaches the Earth, some parts of it is defused by the atmosphere and some parts transmitted to Earth's surface.

A broad name for the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun is solar radiation, also known as the solar resource or just sunshine. With the use of various technologies, solar radiation may be absorbed and converted into usable forms of energy like heat and electricity. However, a certain location's solar resource determines whether these systems are technically feasible and operate economically.

Some of the sunlight is absorbed, scattered, and reflected by air molecules, water vapour, clouds, dust, pollutants, forest fires, and volcanoes as it travels through the atmosphere. The term for this is diffuse sun radiation.

Direct beam solar radiation is the type of solar radiation that directly reaches the surface of the Earth. Global solar radiation is the total of both diffuse and direct sun radiation. Direct beam radiation can be reduced by atmospheric conditions by 10% on clear, dry days and by 100% on days with heavy clouds.

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At the top of the giant swing on the gymnastics high bar, candy's total mechanical energy is 1740J.

Given the data in the question;

Candy's total mechanical energy; [tex]M.E_c = \ ?[/tex]

Total Mechanical Energy (M.E) is the sum of both the potential energy and the kinetic energy of an object.

[tex]Mechanical \ Energy = Potential \ Energy + Kinetic \ Energy[/tex]

[tex]M.E = mgh + \frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]

Where m is the mass, g is gravitational acceleration( [tex]9.8m/s^2[/tex] ), h is the height and v is the velocity.

We substitute our values into the equation

[tex]M.E_c = ( 50kg * 9.8m/s^2*3.5m) + ( \frac{1}{2}* 50\ *(1m/s)^2)\\\\M.E_c = 1715kg.m^2/s^2 + 25kg.m^2/s^2\\\\M.E_c = 1740 kg.m^2/m^2\\\\M.E_c = 1740J\\[/tex]

Therefore, at the top of the giant swing on the gymnastics high bar, candy's total mechanical energy is 1740J

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Answer:

when electron jump from n=3 to n=1 then the photon coming out is of Lyman series. Here Lyman series photon is also known as Ultraviolet range of photon

Explanation:

As per Bohr's theory we know that when electron make transition from higher energy level to lower energy level then it emits photons of different energy range.

Here we know that when electron makes transition from any higher level to n=1 then it is ultraviolet range of photons.

While if electron makes transition from any higher energy range to n= 2 then it is visible range of photons

and for any higher energy level to n=3 then it is infrared range of photon

So here the spectrum received in this case is of ultraviolet range

Layer masks are a non-destructive image editing technique that allows changes to be applied without altering the original image data, providing safety and flexibility in editing.

One accurate fact about layer masks in image editing is that they are non-destructive. This means that when Jack works with layer masks, he is not directly altering or damaging the original image data. Instead, layer masks allow him to apply changes, such as hiding or revealing parts of the layer, without permanently affecting the image. These masks can be edited at any time to adjust the visibility of different portions of the layer. If a mistake is made, Jack can simply edit the mask to correct the issue, rather than having to restore the original image from a separate file. Therefore, layer masks provide flexibility and safety for image editing, ensuring the original data remains intact.

Answer:

4.56 km.

Explanation:

Blessings.

For an uniformly accelerated motion, the following relationship is used:

[tex]2 a S=v_f^2 -v_i ^2[/tex] (1)

where a is the acceleration, S the distance covered, and vf and vi the final and initial speeds of the motion.

In our problem we are dealing with a rotational motion. Initially, the salad spinner has constant angular speed, which is given by

[tex]\omega _i = 2 \pi f[/tex]

where f is the rotational frequency, which is the number of revolutions per second:

[tex]f=  \frac{20 rev}{5 s}=4 Hz [/tex]

so the initial angular speed is

[tex]\omega _i = 2 \pi (4 Hz)=25.2 rad/s[/tex]

Then, the salad spinner starts to decelerate with constant deceleration [tex]\alpha[/tex], and during its deceleration it spins for other 6 revolutions, so covering a total angle of

[tex]\theta = 2 \pi (6 rev)=37.7 rad[/tex]

until it stops, so until it reaches a final speed of [tex]\omega _f=0[/tex].

To find the angular acceleration, we can use the equivalent of equation (1) for angular motions:

[tex]2 \alpha \theta = \omega_f^2 - \omega_i^2[/tex]

and so, since the final speed is [tex]\omega _f=0[/tex]:

[tex]\alpha = -  \frac{\omega _i^2}{2 \theta}=- \frac{(25.2 rad/s)^2}{2\cdot 37.7 rad}=-8.4 rad/s^2  [/tex]

where the negative sign means the salad spinner is decelerating.

Answer:

[tex] \alpha = -\frac{(25.132 rad/s)^2}{2* 37.7 rad}= -8.377 rad/s^2[/tex]

And we can convert this into degrees like this:

[tex] \alpha= -8.377 rad/s^2 * (\frac{180}{\pi rad}) =-479.967 rad/s^2[/tex]

Explanation:

For this case we assume that the angular acceleration is constant and the spinner slows down and come to rest at the end

We can calculate the distance traveled each revolution with this formula:

[tex] \theta= 20 rev * \frac{2\pi rad}{1 rev}= 40 \pi rad[/tex]

And since we know that the time to reach the velocity 0 is 5 s we can find the angular velocity like this:

[tex] w_o= \frac{\theta}{t}= \frac{40 \pi rad}{5 s}= 25.132 rad/s[/tex]

We know that the spinner rotates 6 more times before come rest, so the total distance traveled is:

[tex] \theta= 6* 2\pi = 37.699 rad[/tex]

[tex] w_f = 0 rad/s[/tex]

And we have the following formula :

[tex] w^2_f = w^2_i + 2\alpha \theta[/tex]

Since we know that the final angular velocity is 0 we can solve for [tex] \alpha[/tex] the angular acceleration and we got:

[tex] \alpha = -\frac{w^2_o}{2 \theta}[/tex]

And replacing the values that we found before we have this:

[tex] \alpha = -\frac{(25.132 rad/s)^2}{2* 37.7 rad}= -8.377 rad/s^2[/tex]

And we can convert this into degrees like this:

[tex] \alpha= -8.377 rad/s^2 * (\frac{180}{\pi rad}) =-479.967 rad/s^2[/tex]