Answer:
a. Follow proper canning techniques.
Explanation:
Although home canning is a great way to preserve garden goods it can be very risky or even deadly if not done correctly and safely.
Beware! Your canned vegetables and fruits could cause botulism if home canning is not done the correct way!
Botulism is a rare but potentially deadly disease caused by a poison most commonly produced by a germ called Clostridium Botulinum. The germ can be found in soil and can grow, survive and produce a toxin in certain conditions, such as when food is improperly canned. The toxin can damage your nerves, paralyze you, and even cause death.
You cannot smell, see or taste botulinum toxin but putting even a small amount of food containing botulinum into your organism can be fatal.
Botulism is a medical emergency. If you or someone you know has symptoms of foodborne botulism, see your doctor or go to the emergency room immediately.
Some of the symptoms that may occur are: drooping eyelids, double and/or blurred vision, thick-feeling tongue, muscle weakness, dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, slurred speech etc.
Many cases of foodborne botulism have occurred after people ate home-canned, preserved, or fermented foods that were contaminated with this toxin. The food was contaminated because it wasn’t canned or processed correctly.
You can take these steps to protect yourself, your family, and others when it comes to home-canned foods:
1. Use proper canning techniques by carefully following instructions for safe home canning in the USDA Complete Guide to Home Canning. Do not follow recipes and cookbooks that do not follow the steps in the USDA guide, even if you got these items from a trusted friend or family member.
2. Use the right equipment for the kind of foods that you are canning. Pressure canning is the only recommended method for canning low-acid foods. Foods with low acid content are the most common sources of home-canning related botulism cases. Low-acids foods include almost every vegetable, some fruits, milk, all meats, fish, and seafood. Do not use boiling water canners for low-acid foods because they will not protect against botulism.
3. Do not hesitate! If there is any doubt if safe canning guidelines have been followed, do not eat the food. Home-canned and store-bought food might be contaminated with toxin or other harmful germs if the container is leaking, bulging, or swollen; the container looks damaged, cracked, or abnormal; the container spurts liquid or foam when opened; the food is discolored, moldy, or smells bad.
If the container or the food inside has any signs of contamination, throw it out! If any of the food spills, wipe up the spill using a solution of 1/4 cup bleach for each 2 cups of water.
Never taste food to determine if it is safe! Do not taste or eat food that is discolored, moldy, or smells bad. Do not taste or eat food from cans that are leaking, have bulges or are swollen, or look damaged, cracked, or abnormal. Do not taste or eat food from a can that spurted liquid or foam when it was opened.
Final answer:
The best way to avoid botulinum toxin in home-canned foods is to follow proper canning techniques, specifically using a pressure canner to reach the necessary temperature to kill C. botulinum endospores, and boiling the food for 10 minutes before eating. The correct answer is a. Follow proper canning techniques.
Explanation:
The strategy that helps to ensure that your home-canned food does not contain the botulinum toxin is a. Follow proper canning techniques. This involves using a pressure canner to achieve the necessary temperature of 116 °C (240 °F) to kill C. botulinum endospores, as they can survive temperatures above the boiling point of water.
Furthermore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend boiling home-canned foods for about 10 minutes before consumption to denature any botulinum toxin that may be present.
Acetylene gas, C2H2, can be produced by the reaction of calcium carbide and water. CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l) --> C2H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) How many liters of acetylene at 742 mm Hg and 26C can be produced from 2.54 g CaC2(s)?
Answer:
1.0 L
Explanation:
Given that:-
Mass of [tex]CaC_2[/tex] = [tex]2.54\ g[/tex]
Molar mass of [tex]CaC_2[/tex] = 64.099 g/mol
The formula for the calculation of moles is shown below:
[tex]moles = \frac{Mass\ taken}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]
Thus,
[tex]Moles= \frac{2.54\ g}{64.099\ g/mol}[/tex]
[tex]Moles_{CaC_2}= 0.0396\ mol[/tex]
According to the given reaction:-
[tex]CaC_2_{(s)} + 2H_2O_{(l)}\rightarrow C_2H_2_{(g)} + Ca(OH)_2_{(aq)}[/tex]
1 mole of [tex]CaC_2[/tex] on reaction forms 1 mole of [tex]C_2H_2[/tex]
0.0396 mole of [tex]CaC_2[/tex] on reaction forms 0.0396 mole of [tex]C_2H_2[/tex]
Moles of [tex]C_2H_2[/tex] = 0.0396 moles
Considering ideal gas equation as:-
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
where,
P = pressure of the gas = 742 mmHg
V = Volume of the gas = ?
T = Temperature of the gas = [tex]26^oC=[26+273]K=299K[/tex]
R = Gas constant = [tex]62.3637\text{ L.mmHg }mol^{-1}K^{-1}[/tex]
n = number of moles = 0.0396 moles
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]742mmHg\times V=0.0396 mole\times 62.3637\text{ L.mmHg }mol^{-1}K^{-1}\times 299K\\\\V=\frac{0.0396\times 62.3637\times 299}{742}\ L=1.0\ L[/tex]
1.0 L of acetylene can be produced from 2.54 g [tex]CaC_2[/tex].
About 1 liter of acetylene gas can be produced from 2.54 g of calcium carbide under the given conditions of 742 mmHg and 26C.
Explanation:The question requires you to calculate the volume of acetylene gas produced from a known amount of calcium carbide using the given reaction under specified conditions. To answer this, we need to use the principles of stoichiometry combined with the ideal gas law. First, we need to convert the mass of CaC2 to moles because stoichiometry deals with mole ratios. The molar mass of CaC2 is around 64.1 g/mol so 2.54 g of CaC2 is around 0.04 moles. From the balanced equation, we can see that one mole of CaC2 produces one mole of C2H2. Therefore we also have 0.04 moles of acetylene gas produced.
Next, we use the ideal gas law (PV=nRT) to find the volume of acetylene gas produced. Here P is pressure, V is volume, n is the moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature. The pressure should be in atmospheres, so we convert 742 mmHg to around 0.97 atm. The temperature should be in kelvin, so we convert 26C to around 299K. The value for R is 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K.
Plugging in our values into the equation gives (0.97 atm x V) = (0.04 mol x 0.0821 L x atm/mol x K x 299K). Solving for V gives approximately 0.983 L or about 1 liter of acetylene gas under these conditions.
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How many grams of lead(II) nitrate must be dissolved in 1.00 L of water to produce a solution that is 0.300 M in total dissolved ions?
Answer:
A solution that is 0.100 M (i.e. 33,12 g of lead (II) nitrate in 1.00 L of water) yields the desired total dissolved ions concentration.
Explanation:
The molecular formula of lead (II) nitrate is Pb(NO[tex]Pb(NO_{3} )_{2}[/tex] and its molecular mass is 331,2 g/mol.
In disolution, the equilibrium will look like this:
Pb(NO[tex]Pb(NO_{3} )_{2}[/tex] -> [tex]Pb^{2+} + 2(NO)_{3} ^{-1}[/tex]
The equation above means that, one mol of lead (II) nitrate dissolved in 1L will yield one mol of Pb ions and 2 moles of NO3 ions, i.e. 3 moles total.
If we dissolve 0.100 moles of lead (II) nitrate in 1.00 L of water, the stoichiometry of the disolution states that in turn, it will yield 0.100 of Pb ions and 0.200 moles of NO3 ions, i.e. 0.300 M in total dissolved ions.
331,2 g/mol * 0.100 mol/L * 1 L = 33,12 grams of the compound are required.
You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?
Explanation:
Endothermic animals are also known as warm-blooded, they have the capacity to regulate their body temperature independent of the environment. They have mechanisms to compensate if heat loss exceeds heat generation (shivers) Or if heat generation exceeds the heat loss (panting, sweating).
On the other hand, ectothermal animals are known as cold blooded organisms and depend on external sources, like sunlight, to regulate their body temperature, reptiles are ectothermals.
To determine if the animal of interest is endo or ectothermal you’ll have to consider that is a reptile, you’ll also observe that it consumes less food and finally it’ll have more difficulties to adapt to sudden temperature changes.
I hope you find this information useful and interesting! Good luck!
To determine if a tropical reptile is an endotherm or an ectotherm, observe its behavior in response to environmental temperature changes and test its metabolic rate and body temperature in various conditions.
To determine whether a large tropical reptile with a high and relatively stable body temperature is an endotherm or an ectotherm, one should observe the animal's behavior and response to changes in environmental temperature. If the reptile is an endotherm, it would generate its own heat through metabolic processes and maintain a stable body temperature regardless of the environment.
Endotherms demonstrate behaviors like shivering to generate heat when cold. Ectotherms, on the other hand, rely on the environment to regulate their body temperature, and this can be observed if the animal basks in the sun to warm up or seeks shade to cool down.
Most reptiles are known to be ectotherms and can exhibit behaviors such as brumation in response to cold temperatures. This state is similar to hibernation but doesn't rely on fat reserves. Therefore, if the reptile is less active in colder conditions and depends on external heat sources like sunlight, it is likely an ectotherm. However, if the reptile maintains an active metabolism and body temperature in colder environments without relying on external heat sources, it may be an endotherm.
Specific tests could include monitoring the reptile's body temperature in controlled environments with varying temperatures and measuring the metabolic rate under these conditions to see if there is internal heat production.
identify all statements are true
1. zeroth order rate constants have units of inverse seconds
2. first order reactions have half lives that are dependent on time
3. catalysts cannot appear in the rate law for a reaction.
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True
Explanation:
Identify all statements are true
1. zeroth order rate constants have units of inverse seconds. FALSE.
The rate law for a zeroth order rate reaction has the following form:
r = k
where,
r is the rate of the reaction
k is the rate constant
k has the same units than r, that is, M . s⁻¹.
2. first order reactions have half lives that are dependent on time . FALSE.
Half-life (t1/2) of a first order reaction can be calculated using the following expression.
[tex]t_{1/2}=\frac{ln2}{k}[/tex]
As we can see, half-life does not depend on time.
3. catalysts cannot appear in the rate law for a reaction. TRUE.
The rate law has the following form:
r = k . [A]ᵃ . [B]ᵇ
where,
[A] and [B] are the concentrations of the reactants
a and b are the reaction orders
Catalysts do not appear in the rate law.
High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a method used in chemistry and biochemistry to purify chemical substances. The pressures used in this procedure range from around 500 kilopascals (500,000 Pa) to about 60,000 kPa (60,000,000 Pa). It is often convenient to know the pressure in torr. If an HPLC procedure is running at a pressure of 4.55×108 Pa , what is its running pressure in torr?
Answer:
3.41 x10⁶ torr
Explanation:
To solve this problem we need to remember the equivalency:
1 torr = 133.322 Pa
Then we can proceed to convert 4.55×10⁸ Pa into torr. To do that we just need to multiply that value by a fraction number, putting the unit that we want to convert from in the denominator, and the value we want to convert to in the numerator:
4.55x10⁸ Pa * [tex]\frac{1torr}{133.322Pa} =[/tex] 3.41 x10⁶ torr
If you have 100 g of radio isotope with a half-life of 10 years: How much of the isotope will you have left after 10 years? How much of the isotope will you have left after 20 years? How much of half-lives will occur in 40 years?
Answer:
1)50.007 grams of an isotope will left after 10 years.
1)25.007 grams of an isotope will left after 20 years.
3) 23 half-lives will occur in 40 years.
Explanation:
Formula used :
[tex]N=N_o\times e^{-\lambda t}\\\\\lambda =\frac{0.693}{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}[/tex]
where,
[tex]N_o[/tex] = initial mass of isotope
N = mass of the parent isotope left after the time, (t)
[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}}[/tex] = half life of the isotope
[tex]\lambda[/tex] = rate constant
We have:
[tex][N_o]=100 g[/tex]
[tex]t_{1/2}=10 years[/tex]
[tex]\lambda =\frac{0.693}{t_{1/2}}=\frac{0.693}{10 year}=0.0693 year^{-1}[/tex]
1) mass of isotope left after 10 years:
t = 10 years
[tex]N=N_o\times e^{-\lambda t}[/tex]
[tex]N=100g\times e^{-0.0693 year^{-1}\times 10}=50.007 g[/tex]
2) mass of isotope left after 20 years:
t = 20 years
[tex]N=N_o\times e^{-\lambda t}[/tex]
[tex]N=100g\times e^{-0.0693 year^{-1}\times 20}=25.007 g[/tex]
3) Half-lives will occur in 40 years
Mass of isotope left after 40 years:
t = 40 years
[tex]N=N_o\times e^{-\lambda t}[/tex]
[tex]N=100g\times e^{-0.0693 year^{-1}\times 40}=6.2537 g[/tex]
number of half lives = n
[tex]N=\frac{N_o}{2^n}[/tex]
[tex]6.2537 g=\frac{100 g}{2^n}[/tex]
[tex]n\ln 2=\frac{100 g}{6.2537 g}[/tex]
n = 23
23 half-lives will occur in 40 years.
Although coal is a complex mixture of substances, its elemental composition can be approximated by the formula C135H96O9NS. Using this chemical formula, calculate the percentage, by mass, of carbon (C) in coal.
Answer:
85%
Explanation:
Firstly, we will need to calculate the molar mass of the molecule. We simply use the atomic masses of each of the elements. The atomic masses are as follows:
C = 12
H = 1
O = 16
N = 14
S = 1
All units are in a.m.u
The molecular mass is thus:
(135 × 12) + (96 × 1) + (16 × 9) + 14 + 32 = 1906g/mol
The percentage by mass of carbon = (135 × 12)/1906 × 100% = 85%
Final answer:
The percentage by mass of carbon (C) in coal, given the formula C135H96O9NS, is approximately 84.97%.
Explanation:
To calculate the percentage by mass of carbon (C) in coal using the approximate formula C135H96O9NS, we first need to determine the molar mass of the entire compound, and then compare it to the mass of just the carbon atoms within the compound. The atomic masses for C, H, O, N, and S are roughly 12.01 g/mol, 1.008 g/mol, 16.00 g/mol, 14.01 g/mol, and 32.07 g/mol, respectively.
To find the molar mass of C135H96O9NS:
C: 135 atoms × 12.01 g/mol = 1621.35 g/mol
H: 96 atoms × 1.008 g/mol = 96.768 g/mol
O: 9 atoms × 16.00 g/mol = 144.00 g/mol
N: 1 atom × 14.01 g/mol = 14.01 g/mol
S: 1 atom × 32.07 g/mol = 32.07 g/mol
The total molar mass of the coal formula is therefore 1621.35 + 96.768 + 144.00 + 14.01 + 32.07 = 1908.198 g/mol.
To calculate the percentage of carbon in the compound:
Percentage of C = (Mass of C / Molar mass of compound) × 100
Percentage of C = (1621.35 g/mol / 1908.198 g/mol) × 100 ≈ 84.97%
Therefore, the percentage by mass of carbon in coal for this given formula is approximately 84.97%.
A closed 5.00 L container is filled with a mixture of 4.00 moles of hydrogen gas, 8.00 moles of oxygen, 12.0 moles of helium, and 6.00 moles of nitrogen. What is the pressure due to the oxygen in this container at a temperature of 25 °C?
Answer:
24.44 atm
Explanation:
Considering that this gas mixture behaves like an ideal gass, and that all component gases are ideal gases, we can use:
PV=nRT
Then:
P=nRT/V
Where:
n= N° of moles
R= gas constant= 0.082 Lt*atm/K*mol
T= temperature (in Kelvin)
V = volume (in Lt)
Finally, statement says:
T = 25°C = 298 K
V = 5 Lt
n = 8 moles (for O₂)
P = [8 molx(0.082 Lt*atm/K*mol)x298 K]/5 Lt
P = 24.44 atm would be the pressure due to O₂ (partial pressure of the oxygen)
What is the difference between electronegativity and ionization energy
Answer:
These properties are basically the inverse of each other.
Explanation:
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract an electron and make it a part of its orbital.Ionization enthalpy, is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
More electronegative atoms have high ionization enthalpies If the energy required to remove an electron is less, i.e. the atom has more tendency to give electron, it would thus have less tendency to take electron. Values and tendency of electronegativity in the periodic table: In general, the electronegativity of a non‐metal is larger than that of metal. For the elements of one period the electronegativities increase from left to right across the periodic table. For the elements of one main group the electronegativities decrease from top to bottom across the periodic table. To the subgroup elements, there’s no regular rule.Values and tendency of ionization potential in the periodic table: The first ionization energy is the energy which is required when a gaseous atom/ion loses an electron to form a gaseous +1 valence ion. The energy which is required for a gaseous +1 valence ion to loose an electron to form a gaseous +2 valence ion, is called the second ionization energy of an element. In general, the second ionization energy is higher than the first ionization energy of an element. The first ionization energies of the elements of one period increase from the left to the right across the periodic table. According to the elements of main group, the first ionization energies generally decreases from top to bottom across the periodic table.Ionization energy is the reverse of electronegativity. Ionization energy tells you how easily or how attracted you are to your own electrons so how hard is for somebody to steal them so it's about how much you hold on to your electrons.
Electronegativity is a chemical property and it's about how much can I steal somebody else's electrons. They are like two sides of the same coin. Electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number (number of protons in the core of an atom) and how far the valence electrons (the outermost electrons) are from the core.
Which of the following statements about the combustion of glucose with oxygen to form water and carbon dioxide (C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O) is correct?
Answer:
what are your statements?
The mole fraction of CO2 in a certain solution with H2O as the solvent is 3.6 × 10−4. What is the approximate molality of CO2 in this solution? A.0.00036 m.B.0.0065 m.C.0.020 m.D.2.0 × 10−5 m.E.6.5 m
Answer: C) 0.020 m
Explanation:
Molality of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per kg of the solvent.
[tex]Molality=\frac{n\times 1000}{W_s}[/tex]
where,
n = moles of solute
[tex]W_s[/tex] = weight of solvent in g
Mole fraction of [tex]CO_2[/tex] is = [tex]3.6\times 10^{-4}[/tex] i.e.[tex]3.6\times 10^{-4}[/tex] moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] is present in 1 mole of solution.
Moles of solute [tex](CO_2)[/tex] = [tex]3.6\times 10^{-4}[/tex]
moles of solvent (water) = 1 - [tex]3.6\times 10^{-4}[/tex] = 0.99
weight of solvent =[tex]moles\times {\text {Molar mass}}=0.99\times 18=17.82g[/tex]
Molality =[tex]\frac{3.6\times 10^{-4}\times 1000}{17.82g}=0.020[/tex]
Thus approximate molality of [tex]CO_2[/tex] in this solution is 0.020 m
7.66 Write balanced equations for the following reactions: (a) potassium oxide with water, (b) diphosphorus trioxide with water, (c) chromium(III) oxide with dilute hydrochloric acid, (d) selenium dioxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide
The balanced chemical equations for the reactions are
(a) K₂O + H₂O → 2KOH
(b) P₂O₃ + 3H₂O → 2H₃PO₃
(c) Cr₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2CrCl₃ + 3H₂O
(d) SeO₂ + 2KOH → K₂SeO₃ + H₂O
From the question
We are to write a balanced equations for the given reactions
For (a)The reaction between potassium oxide and water gives potassium hydroxide
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between potassium oxide and water is
K₂O + H₂O → 2KOH
For (b)The reaction between diphosphorus trioxide with water gives phosphorous acid
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between diphosphorus trioxide with water is
P₂O₃ + 3H₂O → 2H₃PO₃
For (c)The reaction between chromium(III) oxide with dilute hydrochloric acid produces chromium(II) chloride and water
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between chromium(III) oxide with dilute hydrochloric acid is
Cr₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2CrCl₃ + 3H₂O
For (d)The reaction between selenium dioxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide gives potassium selenite and water
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between selenium dioxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide
SeO₂ + 2KOH → K₂SeO₃ + H₂O
Hence, the balanced chemical equations for the reactions are
(a) K₂O + H₂O → 2KOH
(b) P₂O₃ + 3H₂O → 2H₃PO₃
(c) Cr₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2CrCl₃ + 3H₂O
(d) SeO₂ + 2KOH → K₂SeO₃ + H₂O
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A balanced reaction equation contains the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the reaction equation.
To write a balanced chemical reaction equation, the number of atoms of each element on the right hand side must be the same as the number of atoms of the same element on the left hand side.
For the reaction between potassium oxide with water; K2O + H2O ----> 2KOHFor reaction between diphosphorus trioxide with water; P2O5 + 3 H2O → 2 H3PO4For the reaction between chromium(III) oxide with dilute hydrochloric acid; Cr2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 CrCl3 + 3 H2OFor the reaction between selenium dioxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide; SeO2 + 2KOH ------> K2SeO3 + H2OLearn more: https://brainly.com/question/11969651
Match the following items. 1 . gas low energy 2 . solid matter is continuously in motion 3 . Kinetic Molecular Theory rapid, random motion 4 . Boyle's Law relates pressure and volume 5 . Charles's Law relates volume and temperature
Explanation:
As molecules in a solid substance are placed closer to each other because of existence of strong forces of attraction. So, these molecules are unable to move randomly but they are able to vibrate at their mean position.Hence, molecules of a solid have low energy.
In gases, molecules are held by weak intermolecular forces. So, they are able to move randomly from one place to another. Hence, they have high kinetic energy.According to Kinetic Molecular Theory, molecules of a gas are always in constant motion and they tend to exhibit a perfect elastic collision.This means that in kinetic molecular theory molecules of a gas are in rapid, random motion.
Boyle's Law states that pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas at constant temperature and number of moles.[tex]P\propto \frac{1}{V}[/tex] (at constant temperature and number of moles)
Charles' Law states that volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure and number of moles.[tex]V\propto T[/tex] (at constant pressure and number of moles)
Thus, we can conclude that the given items are matched as follows.
1. gas - continuously in motion.
2. solid matter - low energy.
3. Kinetic Molecular Theory - rapid, random motion.
4. Boyle's Law - relates pressure and volume.
5. Charles's Law - relates volume and temperature.
Calculate to three significant digits the density of sulfur hexafluoride gas at exactly 15°C and exactly 1atm . You can assume sulfur hexafluoride gas behaves as an ideal gas under these conditions.
The density of sulfur hexafluoride gas at 15°C and 1 atm is approximately 6.52 g/L. This calculation is done using the ideal gas law and assuming sulfur hexafluoride behaves as an ideal gas under these conditions.
Explanation:To calculate the density of sulfur hexafluoride gas at 15° C and 1 atm, we can use the ideal gas law. The ideal gas law states PV=nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin. First, convert 15°C to Kelvin by adding 273.15, which gives 288.15 K. The molar mass of sulfur hexafluoride is around 146.06 g/mol. R is 0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol), and P is 1 atm. So, you can solve for density (d) which is mass/volume, or essentially (n*M)/V.
By rearranging the ideal gas law, V=nRT/P, and substituting into the density equation, we get d=P*M/(R*T) = (1 atm * 146.06g/mol) / (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 288.15 K) = approximately 6.52 g/L to three significant figures.
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The density of sulfur hexafluoride gas at 15°C and 1atm, assuming it behaves as an ideal gas, is approximately 6.52g/L.
Explanation:The question asks for the density of sulfur hexafluoride gas at exactly 15°C and 1atm. We can calculate this by using the ideal gas law which states PV=nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin. We rearrange this to n/V=P/RT which gives us the molar density. From the molar density, we can easily determine the density by multiplying it by the molar mass. To convert 15°C to Kelvin, we add 273.15 to give us 288.15K. This gives us a molar density of 1atm/(0.0821 L.atm/K.mol * 288.15K) = 0.0446 mol/L. The molar mass of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is about 146g/mol. Multiply this by the molar volume gives us a density of 6.52g/L, to three significant figures.
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According to Newton�s first law of motion, if there is no net force (unbalanced forces) acting on an object that is moving at a constant 30 mph, the object will:
Continue to move at 30 mph
Eventually come to a stop
Change its inertia
Accelerate
According to Newton’s first law of motion,if there is no net force acting on an object that is moving at a constant 30 mph speed, the object will continue to move at 30 mph.
Option a
Explanation:"Newton's first law of motion" states that an object at a stationary position or an object moving at a constant velocity continues its state of rest or of motion unless it is acted upon by an "external unbalanced resisting force".
Since the net force acting on this object is zero; the absence of any kind of force (neither internal nor external) is observed and hence the motion at constant 30 mph velocity will continue until it is resisted.
Chlorine forms from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with manganese(IV) oxide. Calculate the theoretical yield and the percent of chlorine if 86.0g of MnO2 and 50.0g of HCl react. The actual yield of Cl2 is 20.0g.
Answer:
[tex]\large \boxed {\text{24.3 g Cl}_{2}; 82.3 \%}[/tex]
Explanation:
We are given the masses of two reactants and asked to determine the mass of the product.
This looks like a limiting reactant problem.
1. Assemble the information
We will need a balanced equation with masses and molar masses, so let’s gather all the information in one place.
MM: 86.94 36.46 70.91
MnO₂ + 4HCl ⟶ MnCl₂ + Cl₂ + 2H₂O
Mass/g: 86.0 50.0 20.00
2. Calculate the moles of each reactant
[tex]\text{Moles of MnO}_{2} = \text{86.0 g MnO}_{2} \times \dfrac{\text{1 mol MnO}_{2}}{\text{86.94 g MnO}_{2}} = \text{0.9892 mol MnO}_{2}\\\\\text{Moles of HCl} = \text{50.0 g HCl} \times \dfrac{\text{1mol HCl }}{\text{36.46 g HCl }} = \text{1.371 mol HCl}[/tex]
3. Calculate the moles of Cl₂ formed from each reactant
From MnO₂:
[tex]\text{Moles of Cl$_{2}$} = \text{0.9892 mol MnO}_{2} \times \dfrac{\text{1 mol Cl$_{2}$}}{\text{1 mol MnO}_{2}} = \text{0.9892 mol Cl}_{2}[/tex]
From HCl:
[tex]\text{Moles of Cl$_{2}$} = \text{1.371 mol HCl} \times \dfrac{\text{1 mol Cl$_{2}$}}{\text{4 mol HCl}} = \text{0.3428 mol Cl}_{2}[/tex]
4. Identify the limiting reactant
The limiting reactant is HCl, because it forms fewer moles of Cl₂.
5. Calculate the theoretical yield of Cl₂
[tex]\text{ Mass of Cl$_{2}$} = \text{0.3428 mol Cl$_{2}$} \times \dfrac{\text{70.91 g Cl$_{2}$}}{\text{1 mol Cl$_{2}$}} = \textbf{24.3 g Cl}_\mathbf{{2}}\\\\\text{The theoretical yield is $\large \boxed{\textbf{24.3 g Cl}_\mathbf{{2}}}$}[/tex]
6. Calculate the percentage yield of Cl₂
[tex]\text{Percentage yield} = \dfrac{\text{Actual yield}}{\text{Theoretical yield}} \times 100 \, \%= \dfrac{\text{20.0 g}}{\text{24.3 g}} \times 100 \, \% = 82.3 \, \%\\\text{The percentage yield is $\large \boxed{\mathbf{82.3 \, \%}}$}[/tex]
Consider a reaction that has a positive ΔH and a positive ΔS. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. This reaction will be spontaneous only at high temperatures. B. This reaction will be nonspontaneous at all temperatures. C. This reaction will be spontaneous at all temperatures. D. This reaction will be nonspontaneous only at high temperatures. E. It is not possible to determine without more information.
Because we do not know if the value of the change in free energy will be positive or negative. It is not possible to determine without more information.
Option E
What is Heat ?Heat Energy is simply defined as an energy that is moved from one body to another using the concept of difference temperature changes.
Generally, the equation for the change in enthalpy is mathematically given as
ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS
In conclusion, we do not know the magnitude of positive or positive value and hence, we do not know if the value of the change in free energy will be positive or negative.
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as you move from bottom on the periodic table to the top shielding
Answer:
AS we move from bottom to top on periodic table shielding decreased.
Explanation:
As we move from left to right across the periodic table the number of valance electrons in an atom increase. The atomic size tend to decrease in same period of periodic table because the electrons are added with in the same shell. When the electron are added, at the same time protons are also added in the nucleus. The positive charge is going to increase and this charge is greater in effect than the charge of electrons. This effect lead to the greater nuclear attraction.
As we move down the group atomic radii increased with increase of atomic number. The addition of electron in next level cause the atomic radii to increased. The hold of nucleus on valance shell become weaker because of shielding of electrons thus size of atom increased.
As we move from bottom to top the energy level decreased because of decreased in electron thus shielding decreased and atomic size also decreased.
how many grams of silver chromate will precipitate when 150 ml of 0.500 M silver nitrate are added to 100 mL of 0.400 M potassium chromate
When 150 ml of 0.500 M silver nitrate are added to 100 mL of 0.400 M potassium chromate, a silver chromate precipitate forms. Considering the stoichiometry of the reaction and the quantities of reactants, 24.88 grams of silver chromate will precipitate.
Explanation:The subject of this question is based on precipitation reactions in Chemistry. Precipitation reactions occur when two solutions combine to form an insoluble solid known as a precipitate. The moles of silver nitrate present in a 150 mL of 0.500 M solution can be calculated using the formula Molarity = Moles ÷ Volume (in Litres).
Thus, Moles of AgNO3 = 0.500 M * 0.15 L = 0.075 mol AgNO3. According to the reaction equation 2AgNO3 + K2CrO4 → 2AgCrO4(precipitate) + 2KNO3, for every mole of K2CrO4, we have two moles of AgNO3. Thus, based on stoichiometry and the given quantities of the reactants, the limiting reactant will be AgNO3, and it will totally react and form the silver chromate precipitate. The moles of Ag2CrO4 formed would therefore also be 0.075 mol. To convert this into grams, we use the molar mass of Ag2CrO4, which is approximately 331.73 g/mol. Hence, grams of Ag2CrO4 = 0.075 mol Ag2CrO4 * 331.73 g/mol = 24.88 g Ag2CrO4.
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P-fluoroanisole reacts with sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid. Draw the major product of this substitution reaction; if applicable
In the substitution reaction of P-fluoroanisole with sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid, the major product is P-fluoroanisole-sulfonic acid. This is an example of an Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution reaction.
Explanation:The question involves a reaction of P-fluoroanisole with sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid. This is a substitution reaction that happens under the influence of a strong acid like sulfuric acid.
In this reaction, sulfur trioxide (SO3) reacts with P-fluoroanisole to replace a hydrogen atom with a sulfonic acid group (–SO3H), forming P-fluoroanisole-sulfonic acid as the major product of the reaction. This type of reaction is a part of a broader class of reactions known as Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution reactions.
However, it is important to note that drawing the resulting chemical structure requires knowledge of organic chemistry and its conventions. Given the complexity of this information, a written description may not fully capture the details, and it is recommended to refer to a textbook or online resource where visualizations of such substitutions are possible.
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Radioactive carbon-14 has a half life of 5730 years. Suppose a peice of wood has a decay rate of 15 disintegrations per minute. How many years would it take for the rate to decrease to 4 disintegrations per minute?
Final answer:
To determine the time taken for the decay rate to drop from 15 to 4 disintegrations per minute using a half-life of 5730 years, we calculate that it would take two half-lives, or 11460 years, for this reduction.
Explanation:
To calculate the time it would take for a piece of wood with an initial decay rate of 15 disintegrations per minute to decrease to 4 disintegrations per minute, we can use the concept of half-life, which for carbon-14 is 5730 years. By applying the decay constant and the exponential decay formula, we can find the time that corresponds to the rate of decay reaching 4 disintegrations per minute.
The relationship we use is N = N0e-λt, where N is the final number of disintegrations per minute, N0 is the initial number of disintegrations per minute, λ is the decay constant (which can be calculated using λ = 0.693 / 5730 years), and t is the time in years.
Using the concept of half-lives, we can determine that if after t years the disintegration rate is a quarter of its original rate (15 to 4 dpm), the wood must have gone through two half-lives, because each half-life reduces the rate of disintegration by half. Therefore, t would be equal to 2 × 5730 years = 11460 years.
The fundamental force underlying all chemical reactions is
Answer:
Electromagnetic Force
Explanation:
Every aspect of chemical reaction is the output of electromagnetic force though the forces can take on many forms because of the quantum wave nature of particles.
The electromagnetic force has the ability to attract opposite charges such as protons and electrons and it repels same charges such as electrons and protons.
This force is an important force in the chemical reaction as it it is responsible for bonding between atoms. Though other forces are unique in their own way but they don't affect chemical reaction. Force of gravity is not strong enough to affect chemical reactions; when nuclear forces are involved in a reaction, such reaction is a nuclear reactor; not chemical reaction.
One of the roles of the electromagnetic force in chemical reaction is that it holds the electrons that are in the outer orbit around the nucleus; this, in the long run creates bonds with other chemical elements to create a visible matter.
The electromagnetic force is the principal force underlying all chemical reactions. It governs the interactions between charged particles in atoms and molecules, leading to the formation and breaking of chemical bonds.
Explanation:The fundamental force underlying all chemical reactions is the electromagnetic force. This force is responsible for the interactions between charged particles which make up atoms and molecules. For example, in a chemical reaction, atoms or molecules rearrange to create new substances. This rearrangement involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, which are effectively governed by electromagnetic forces. This is due to the fact that electrons (which are negatively charged) are attracted to the nuclei of atoms (which are positively charged) which encourages them to stay within certain regions of space (creating what we know as chemical bonds).
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Which element has n=4 and has three electrons in its valence p orbital?
A) As B) Se C) Br D) Kr E) Sc
Answer:
E) Scandium (Sc)
Hope this helps!
Here 'n' represents the principal quantum number. The element which has n=4 and has three electrons in its valence p orbital is scandium (Sc). The electronic configuration of 'Sc' is [Ar] 3d¹ 4s². The correct option is E.
What is principal quantum number?The quantum number which represents the main energy level or shell in which the electron is present. It also determines the average distance of the orbital or electron from the nucleus. It is denoted by letter 'n' and can have any whole number values like 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. These values represent different energy levels.
The atomic number of the element scandium is 21 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d¹ 4s². The total number of valence electrons present here is 3 and the energy level is 4.
The element scandium is a transition element and it has the highest melting point and low density.
Thus the correct option is E.
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The volume of a gas mixed with water vapor at 32.0C at 742torr is 1350mL. What would be the volume of the gas at 0.0C and 760torr if all the water vapor were removed? The pressure of water vapor at 32C is 36torr.
Please show me how to do this?
Answer:
1122.5 mL
Explanation:
In the first scenario, by Dalton's law, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the components. So, the partial pressure of the gas is:
P1 = Ptotal - Pwater = 742 - 36 = 706 torr
By the ideal gas law, the change in a state of a gas can be calculated by:
P1*V1/T1 = P2*V2/T2
Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, T is the temperature in K, 1 is the state 1, and 2 the state 2.
P1 = 706 torr, V1 = 1350 mL, T1 = 32ºC + 273 = 305K
P2 = 760 torr, T2 = 0ºC + 273 = 273 K
706*1350/305 = 760*V2/273
760V2/273 = 3124.92
760V2 = 853102.62
V2 = 1122.5 mL
A 0.158 g sample of magnesium metal reacts completely with 100.0 mL of 1.0 M hydrochloric acid in a coffee cup calorimeter. The temperature of the solution rose from 25.6°C to 32.8°C. What is ∆Hrxn? Assume the specific heat of the solution is 4.184 J/mol-K and the density is 1.0 g/mL.
Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
mass = 0.158 g, volume = 100 ml
Molarity = 1.0 M, [tex]\Delta T[/tex] = [tex](32.8 - 25.6)^{o}C = 7.2^{o}C[/tex]
The given reaction is as follows.
[tex]Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow MgCl_{2}(aq) + H_{2}(g)[/tex]
So, moles of magnesium will be calculated as follows.
No. of moles = [tex]\frac{mass}{\text{molar mass}}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{0.158 g}{24.305 g/mol}[/tex]
= [tex]6.5 \times 10^{-3}[/tex]
= 0.0065 mol
Now, formula for heat released is as follows.
Q = [tex]m \times C \times \Delta T[/tex]
= [tex]\text{volume} \times \text{density} \times C \times \Delta T[/tex]
= [tex]100 ml \times 1.0 g/ml \times 4.184 \times 7.2^{o}C[/tex]
= 3010.32 J
Hence, heat of reaction will be calculated as follows.
[tex]\Delta H_{rxn} = \frac{\text{-heat released}}{\text{moles of Mg}}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{3010.32 J}{0.0065 mol}[/tex]
= -4.63 J/mol
or, = [tex]-463 \times 10^{-5} kJ/mol[/tex] (as 1 kJ = 1000 J)
Thus, we can conclude that heat of given reaction is [tex]-463 \times 10^{-5}[/tex] kJ/mol.
German physicist Werner Heisenberg related the uncertainty of an object's position ( Δ x ) (Δx) to the uncertainty in its velocity ( Δ v ) (Δv) Δ x ≥ h 4 π m Δ v Δx≥h4πmΔv where h h is Planck's constant and m m is the mass of the object. The mass of an electron is 9.11 × 10 − 31 kg. 9.11×10−31 kg. What is the uncertainty in the position of an electron moving at 6.00 × 10 6 m/s 6.00×106 m/s with an uncertainty of Δ v = 0.01 × 10 6 m/s ?
Answer:
[tex]5.788\times 10^{-9} m[/tex] is the uncertainty in the position of a moving electron.
Explanation:
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is given by the equation:
[tex]\Delta x\times m\times \Delta v=\frac{h}{4\pi}[/tex]
The mass of an electron = m
Uncertainty in velocity = Δv
Uncertainty in position = Δx
h = Planck's constant
We are given:
The mass of an electron = m = [tex]9.11\times 10^{-31} kg[/tex]
Uncertainty in velocity = Δv = [tex]0.01 \times 10^6 m/s[/tex]
Uncertainty in position = Δx
[tex]\Delta x=\frac{h}{4\pi \times m\times \Delta v}[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{6.626\times 10^{-34} Js}{4\times 3.14\times 9.11\times 10^{-31} kg\times 0.01 \times 10^6 m/s}[/tex]
[tex]=5.788\times 10^{-9} m[/tex]
[tex]5.788\times 10^{-9} m[/tex] is the uncertainty in the position of a moving electron.
The uncertainty in the position of an electron is equal to [tex]5.76 \times 10^{-9}\; meters[/tex]
Given the following data:
Mass of an electron = [tex]9.11 \times 10^{-31}[/tex] kgUncertainty in velocity = [tex]0.01 \times 10^{6}[/tex] m/sTo find the uncertainty in the position of an electron, we would use Heisenberg's uncertainty principle:
Mathematically, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle of an object is given by the formula:
[tex]\Delta x \times m \times \Delta v = \frac{h}{4\pi }[/tex]
Where:
[tex]\Delta x[/tex] is the uncertainty in position.m is the mass of an object.[tex]\Delta v[/tex] is the uncertainty in velocity.h is Planck constant ([tex]6.626 \times 10^{-34}[/tex]).Making [tex]\Delta x[/tex] the subject of formula, we have:
[tex]\Delta x = \frac{h}{4\pi \times m \times \Delta v}[/tex]
Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;
[tex]\Delta x = \frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34}}{4\times \;3.142 \;\times \;9.11 \times 10^{-31}\; \times \;0.01 \;\times 10^{6}}\\\\\Delta x = \frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34}}{1.15 \times 10^{-25}}\\\\\Delta x = 5.76 \times 10^{-9}\; meters[/tex]
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Indium (In) is made up of 95.7% 115In and 4.3% 113In. The atomic mass of 113In is 112.904 amu . The atomic mass of 115In is 114.904 amu . What is the average atomic mass of a sample of indium?
a. 113.909 amu
b. 114.5 amu
c. 114.818 amu
d. +666+115.00 amu
Answer:
The sample of indium, has an average atomic mass of 114.818 amu
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Indium is made of 95.7 % 115In and 4.3% 113In
113In has an atomic mass of 112.904 amu
115In has an atomic mass of 114.904amu
Step 2: Calculate the average atomic mass
The average atomic mass = X
0.957* 114.904 + 0.043* 112.904 = X
109.963 + 4.855 = X
X = 114.818
The sample of indium, has an average atomic mass of 114.818 amu
Rounded to the nearest tenth, the average atomic mass of indium is approximately 114.9 amu. So, the correct options provided is:C
To calculate the average atomic mass of a sample of indium, you can use the following formula:
Average Atomic Mass = (% abundance of isotope 1 × atomic mass of isotope 1) + (% abundance of isotope 2 × atomic mass of isotope 2) + ...
In this case, you have two isotopes of indium, 115In and 113In, with the following information:
- % abundance of 115In = 95.7%
- % abundance of 113In = 4.3%
- Atomic mass of 115In = 114.904 amu
- Atomic mass of 113In = 112.904 amu
Plug these values into the formula:
Average Atomic Mass = (0.957 × 114.904 amu) + (0.043 × 112.904 amu)
Calculate each part:
Average Atomic Mass = (110.009648 amu) + (4.855672 amu)
Now, add these values together:
Average Atomic Mass = 114.86532 amu
Rounded to the nearest tenth, the average atomic mass of indium is approximately 114.9 amu. So, the correct options provided is:C
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what is a spelling bee
Answer: a contest in which you are eliminated if you fail to spell a word correctly.
In counting the electron domains around the central atom in VSEPR theory, a ________ is not included.
A. nonbonding pair of electrons
B. Core level electron pair
C. double covalent bond
D. Single covalent bond
E. triple covalent bond
Answer:
B
Explanation:
In counting the electron domains around the central atom in VSEPR theory, a Core level electron pair is not included.
Core level electron pair are the electrons other than the electrons in the valency shell of an atom. They in the proximity of the nucleus. They do not participate in the bonding.
VSEPR is the abbreviation for Valence shell Electron Pair repulsion theory. VESPR is a model for predicting molecular geometries based on the reduction in the electrostatic repulsion of the valence electrons of a molecule around a central atom.
What is an effector?
a. A molecule that brings about a cellular response to a signal.
b. A molecule that brings a signal to a cellular response.
c. A molecule that brings enzymatic changes to a cell.
d. None of these is the correct answer.
Answer:
The correct answer is a A molecule that brings about a cellular response to a signal.
Explanation:
Effector molecule is a small molecule that act as ligand to generate various cellular response by binding with target proteins(receptors).
Effector molecules can regulate catalytic activity of enzymes,gene expression and various signaling processes that are very much important for proper functioning of the cell that the effect molecule target.
Examples Allosteric effectors which can be either modulators or inhibitors depending on the nature of the effector molecule.