Prophase Chromosome replication makes replicas visible (coil up). Two identical chromatids make up each replicated chromosome. The nuclear membrane begins to break down when spindle fibers develop. Metaphase The center of the cell is lined up with replicated chromosomes.
What is chromosome ?A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or a portion of an organism's genetic code. The very long, thin DNA fibers in most chromosomes are covered with packing proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the histones are the most significant of these proteins.
One of a chromosome's two identical halves that has been replicated in preparation for cell division is known as a chromatid. The centromere, a constrictive area of the chromosome, is where the two "sister" chromatids are linked.
The original cell's cytoplasm is now split into two daughter cells as the cell goes through a process known as cytokinesis. Only one set of chromosomes, or half as many as the original cell's total number, are present in each haploid daughter cell.
Thus, Prophase Chromosome replication makes replicas visible (coil up).
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Galactosemia is an inherited disorder in humans a person with the disorder cannot digest the sugars in the allelebfor normal digestion (G) is dominant the allele for (g) is recessive a female who is heterozygous for the galactosemia trait and a male who has galactosemia have a child
So far, the only disease that has been globally eradicated is
What medicine is recommended for both upper and lower respiratory allergies?
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Read each example and decide what the resulting effect on the gene pool of that population would be. A zebra migrates to join a different herd of zebras. Competition for sunlight leads to taller trees. The DNA of a snake changes to make its venom stronger. A grassfire randomly sweeps through a population of buffalo and kills most of the animals.
Scenarios affecting a population's gene pool include gene flow with a zebra joining a new herd, natural selection among trees competing for sunlight, an evolutionary change in a snake's venom, and a bottleneck effect from a grassfire impacting buffalo.
Explanation:The question pertains to how certain scenarios affect the gene pool of a population. In biology, this is an aspect of evolution and population genetics. Immigration of new individuals into a population, as with the zebra joining a new herd, leads to gene flow, changing the genetic makeup by introducing new alleles. When trees compete for sunlight and the taller ones prevail, this is an example of natural selection favoring alleles that promote height growth. A snake's DNA changing to make its venom stronger may also be a result of natural selection if the stronger venom increases the snake's survival or reproductive success. Lastly, a grassfire sweeping through a buffalo population can cause a bottleneck effect, where the gene pool is significantly reduced and the genetic makeup of the survivors predominates the future population.
Each scenario affects the gene pool differently. Gene flow introduces new genes, natural selection changes allele frequencies based on environmental advantages, and the bottleneck effect drastically reduces genetic diversity and allele frequencies due to random survivorship.
Final answer:
The resulting effects on the gene pool of the population would include gene flow, natural selection, genetic drift, and the bottleneck effect.
Explanation:
The resulting effect on the gene pool of that population would be:
Gene Flow: When a zebra migrates to join a different herd of zebras, it can introduce new genetic variation to the population. This can lead to changes in the gene structure of the population.Natural Selection: Competition for sunlight leading to taller trees can drive natural selection. Trees that grow taller can have an advantage in accessing sunlight, causing individuals with genes for taller growth to have higher fitness and increased representation in the population.Genetic Drift: If the DNA of a snake changes to make its venom stronger, this can cause a change in allele frequencies within the population. However, it is important to note that genetic drift is a random process and can happen due to chance events.Bottleneck Effect: The grassfire randomly sweeping through a population of buffalo and killing most of the animals can result in a large portion of the gene pool being wiped out. The survivors would then become the genetic structure of the entire population, which may be very different from the pre-disaster population.
Hormones play an important role in regulating blood glucose levels. for example:
Hormones play important roles in regulating blood glucose levels. For example, (i) the hormone insulin regulate blood glucose levels by suppressing the breakdown of proteins into amino acids and of adipose tissue into free fatty acids. (ii) The hormone asprosin regulate blood glucose levels by enhancing the release of liver glucose during fasting.
Ribosomes are a collection of _______ that are needed for _______. rrna
Compared to the upper paleolithic, mousterian ____. burials are more complex, usually containing hundreds of tools burials usually contain several individuals, precisely oriented relative to each other tools are usually more sophisticated tools are made of materials transported (traded) over long distances none of these
How much percent does the earth contain if its plants and animals?
Which of the following occurs when the Earth's crust shifts?
Answer:
earthquakes
Explanation:
In fruit flies, the allele for vestigial wings is recessive to the allele for wild-type wings, and the allele for white eyes is recessive to the allele for red eyes. the gene controlling wing type is carried on an autosome, whereas the gene controlling eye color is carried on the x chromosome. a true-breeding female with wild-type wings and white eyes is crossed with a male with vestigial wings and red eyes. what proportion of the offspring are expected to be males with wild-type wings and white eyes? give your answer as a fraction or a decimal value from 0 to 1.
Answer:
Both parents were heterozygous
Explanation:
Lets suppose N is the dominant and n is the recessive.
If both parents are heterozygous, they can create flies with vestigial and normal wings. The result of that is 25% NN, 50% Nn, and 25% nn. If you add up the flies that were vestigial and the flies that were normal, it would be 120. The male and female flies with vestigial wings add up to be 33, 33/120 is 27.5% which is a little over 25%.
Final answer:
The proportion of males with wild-type wings and white eyes in the offspring can be expected to be 1/4 or 0.25.
Explanation:
To determine the proportion of males with wild-type wings and white eyes in the offspring, we need to understand the inheritance of these traits in fruit flies. The vestigial wings allele is recessive to the wild-type wings allele, while the white eyes allele is recessive to the red eyes allele. The gene-controlling wing type is carried on an autosome, while the gene-controlling eye color is carried on the X chromosome.
The true-breeding female with wild-type wings and white eyes can be represented as XWXW. The male with vestigial wings and red eyes can be represented as XWY. When they are crossed, the offspring will inherit one X chromosome from the female and one X chromosome or a Y chromosome from the male.
When the XWXW female is crossed with the XWY male, there are three possible combinations of offspring genotypes: XWXW (red-eyed females), XWY (white-eyed males), and XWY (red-eyed males). Since we are interested in the proportion of males with wild-type wings and white eyes, which corresponds to the XWY genotype, the expected proportion can be represented as 1/4 or 0.25.
In which process do the germ layers differentiate into organs and organ systems?
Organogenesis
Organogenesis is a process in which the three germ layers of the embryo (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm) differentiate and also specialize to form the various organs of the body. Organogenesis continues to occur until the specific characteristics of the organs are achieved.
The conversion of co2 and h2o into organic compounds using energy from light is called select one:
a. glycolysis.
b. photosynthesis.
c. fermentation.
d. cellular respiration.
Why do you think the worms treated with 1 ml of bleach have a longer reaction time ?
The reaction time of worms depend on the the number of hydrogen (H) ions present in the solution. More the number of hydrogen ions, the worms are more active. Therefore, reaction depends on the type of bleach. in hydrogen peroxide, the reaction time will be less and in other bleach there will be longer reaction time.
) Describe the effect of atherosclerosis on the amount of oxygen supplied to body cells. Explain your answer.
Atherosclerosis obstructs blood flow and causes a decrease in the amount of oxygen, or hypoxia, reaching body cells. This can lead to cell death and impairment of organ function, especially in the heart and brain. If blood flow to the coronary arteries is restricted, it may lead to a heart attack.
Explanation:Atherosclerosis is a medical condition caused by the accumulation of plaque, a fatty material including cholesterol, connective tissue, white blood cells, and some smooth muscle cells, within the arteries. This disease reduces the flexibility or compliance of the arteries and obstructs blood flow, a condition known as ischemia.
Ischemia leads to a decreased amount of oxygen, called hypoxia, reaching the body cells. As a result, the oxygen supply to body cells in areas 'downstream' of the blockage or narrowing vessel is reduced, causing a decreased supply of oxygen to the tissues. In severe cases, as with cardiac muscle and brain tissue, hypoxia can result in cell death and severe functional impairment of these organs.
If blood flow is restricted to the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle itself with blood, a condition known as coronary artery disease, the potential damage is especially severe. Untreated, this can lead to myocardial infarction, or a heart attack, a consequence of cardiac muscle death due to oxygen deprivation.
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When extending the knee, the hamstrings act as the ___________ muscle?
multiple alleles definition biology
Multiple alleles in biology are more than two possible forms of a gene that can exist at the same gene locus. Examples of multiple alleles can be observed in blood types in humans and coat color in rabbits.
Explanation:In biology, multiple alleles refer to a situation where there are more than two possible alleles that a gene can have, all located at the same gene locus on a chromosome. This phenomenon of multiple alleles is seen in many species, including humans. However, keep in mind that an individual still has only two of these alleles, one of each from each parent.
As an example, human blood types are determined by three alleles: IA, IB, and i. These alleles can combine to produce four different blood types (A, B, AB, and O), demonstrating the concept of multiple alleles. The alleles IA and IB are co-dominant, meaning when inherited together, they both express in the phenotype (AB blood type). i allele is recessive to both IA and IB
Another example is the coat color in rabbits, which is determined by four different alleles. These alleles, in turn, can produce a range of fur colors, from brown to white, along with various patterns of coat color.
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The macula densa cells respond to ________. the macula densa cells respond to ________. changes in na+ content of the filtrate aldosterone antidiuretic hormone changes in pressure in the tubule
The macula densa cells respond to changes in the Na⁺ content of the filtrate. The macula densa cells are located in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. They are specialized cells that sense changes in the sodium chloride concentration in the filtrate. Hence option A is correct.
When the sodium chloride concentration is low, the macula densa cells release a signal that causes the juxtaglomerular cells to release renin. Renin is an enzyme that converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I.
Angiotensin I is then converted into angiotensin II, which is a powerful vasoconstrictor. The vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles increases the glomerular filtration pressure, which helps to restore the sodium chloride concentration in the filtrate.
The other answer choices are incorrect. Aldosterone is a hormone that increases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct. Changes in pressure in the tubule do not directly affect the macula densa cells.
Therefore, option A) changes in Na⁺ content of the filtrate is correct.
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A mammal embryo worksheet. fill in the blanks with the correct answers. after two months of development, the embryo is called a fetus. the ___ is formed in part from the inner lining of the uterus and in part from other membranes. it is through the placenta that that the embryo/fetus is nourished while in the ____ and _____ are carried away.
After two months of development, the embryo is called a fetus. The endometrium is formed in part from the inner lining of the uterus and in part from other membranes. It is through the placenta that that the embryo/fetus is nourished while in the umbilical cord and three blood vessels are carried away.
An embryo develops into a fetus after two months. The placenta, formed from the inner lining of the uterus and other membranes, nourishes the fetus. Wastes are removed via the placenta while the fetus is in the uterus.
Explanation:After two months of development, the embryo is called a fetus. The placenta is formed in part from the inner lining of the uterus and in part from other membranes. It is through the placenta that the embryo/fetus is nourished while in the uterus and wastes are carried away.
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In what ways was the development of a body cavity or coelom an advantage for bilaterally symmetrical animals
Maurie regularly takes a pain reliever for her back pain. after a few weeks, she notices that she needs to increase the amount of pain-relieving drug that she takes each day in order to achieve the same level of pain relief. the phenomenon that maurie is experiencing is called drug _____.
Drug tolerance
Drug tolerance is a condition in which a drug’s effect is reduced as an individual continues to use it. An individual with a drug tolerance has to administer larger doses of the same drug in order to obtain the same desired effect exhibited by the drug initially. For the question given above, the phenomenon that Maurie is experiencing is called drug tolerance.
How would you best describe the role of gene expression in cells?
The symmetry exhibited by adult echinoderms is ______________.
One cause of fatigue and anemia in adolescent girls with low dairy product intake is deficiency of _________.
One cause of fatigue and anemia in adolescent girls with low dairy product intake is deficiency of iron.
Adolescent teens, particularly teenage girls, are at risk of iron deficiency, partly due to a calcium-deficient diet rooted in decreased dairy consumption. This deficiency can lead to iron deficiency anemia, the most common type of anemia, characterized by reduced hemoglobin levels and, consequently, a decreased oxygen supply to the body's tissues, which results in symptoms like fatigue and weakness.
The diagnostic term "in/continent" literally means _________ and is seen with the lack of control of the bladder and/or rectum.
Incontinence means the inability to control bladder or bowel functions, often resulting in urinary incontinence, the involuntary leakage of urine. This condition can significantly impact quality of life and may be caused by various health issues.
The diagnostic term "incontinent" literally means not contained and refers to the lack of control over bladder and/or rectal functions. This condition includes involuntary leakage or the inability to hold urine, known as urinary incontinence.
Micturition is the process of urination and involves both involuntary and voluntary actions of internal and external urethral sphincters. Normally, a person can override the urge to void until a convenient time for disposal. However, incontinence occurs when there's a failure in nervous control or the anatomical structures involved in micturition, leading to uncontrolled leakage.
Common causes include prostate issues in men and stretched pelvic floor muscles in women after childbirth, often leading to types such as stress incontinence or an overactive bladder, respectively. Regardless of the underlying cause, urinary incontinence can significantly affect one's quality of life, causing inconvenience, embarrassment, and distress.
The leaking blood vessels of uncontrolled diabetes can lead to damage of the _______.
Answer:
its is hemostatsis
Explanation:
Improved nutrition, medical treatment, and sanitation all help account for the dramatic increase in ___________ in the twentieth century.
a. the life expectancy crossover
b. functional age
c. active living age
d. average life expectancy
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Miriam notices when she goes to the beach that sometimes the water rises as high as the pier. At other times of the day, the water barely covers the pillars under the pier. These differences in water level are primarily due to the gravitational influence of which of the following?
1)
comets
2)
asteroids
3)
the Moon
4)
the Sun
Orographic precipitation occurs due to air masses being lifted to higher altitudes by
1)
the density difference of air masses
2)
the presence of mountain barriers
3)
a frontal action
4)
extratropical cyclones
Radiocarbon dating is a useful technique for all samples below EXCEPT
1)
shells
2)
bone
3)
granite
4)
wood
Janie is three years old. what serving size of mashed pinto beans would you recommend for her? janie is three years old. what serving size of mashed pinto beans would you recommend for her? 4 tablespoons 3 tablespoons 2 tablespoons 5 tablespoons
Which of the following limited factors would be directly affected by drought ? A.birth/death rate
B. Immigration
C. Available niche
D. Resource supply
The correct answer is D. Resource supply
Explanation:
In ecosystems, a limiting factor refers to a factor that regulates the growth of populations usually by limiting it, this includes natural disasters, predators, competition, among others. In the case of drought, this occurs as there is low or no rainfall and as a consequence, there is a shortage of water, plants and even animals that depend on rain or the resource supply for other organisms which represents an important limiting factor as with no or few resources populations cannot thrive. Thus, the limiting factor affected by drought is the resource supply.
A person who has suffered damage to the cerebellum (located in the back of the brain) will probably have trouble with