what were the four phases of the french revolution

Answers

Answer 1
1.Moderate phase
2.Radical phase
3.Directory
4.Age of Napoleon 
Answer 2

The French Revolution commenced in 1789 with demands for constitutional monarchy, progressed into a radical phase marked by social and political upheaval led by different groups including the sans-culottes, and eventually went through the Terror under the Committee of Public Safety, culminating in progressive and extreme measures.

Phases of the French Revolution

The French Revolution, a monumental event in European history, went through several distinctive phases from its inception in 1789. The first phase was characterized by a demand for a constitution to limit the king's power. In May and June 1789, the revolution started with the social elites leading the Estates General in Versailles, followed by the urban revolution in Paris, notably the storming of the Bastille. Mid-July brought about the Great Fear in the countryside, signaling anti-feudal uprisings.

As the revolution progressed, the urban social protest evolved into a political movement with groups like the sans-culottes seeking to establish a society of independent producers within a regulated economy. This radical phase, from 1793 to 1794, led by the Committee of Public Safety, achieved progressive reforms under the banner of liberty, equality, brotherhood, but was also marked by extreme measures such as the guillotine.

Another instance often confused with the French Revolution occurred in 1848, with the overthrown of Louis Philippe and establishment of a bourgeois republic. This period saw the February period, the constitution of the bourgeois republic, the June insurrection, and the defeat and repression of the proletariat. However, it is distinct from what is traditionally known as the French Revolution that began in 1789.


Related Questions

How did the war of 1812 and free enterprise affect the United States economy?

Answers

we got to set our own prices & set wages for labor which contributed to freedom of choice and economic success. (quizlet.com)

how did enlightenment thinkers contribute to the development of modern democracy
a) they defended
b)they promoted
c) they argued
d) they called

PLEASE HURRY

ps sorry the answer is there fully.

Answers

The correct answer is B.

The Enlightenment philosophers, such as Locke, Monstequieu or Rosseau. introduced ideas that challenged, and ended up derrocating, the power structures of the Old Regime. They promoted reason and the scientific method over religious dogmatism and superstititions.

The main principles developed were the following: definition of bills of citizens' rights, social contract (citizens electing political representatives to create goverments through suffrage, in opposition to the prevailing absolute monarchies whose power was supposed to arise from God's will), and the division of the powers of the state in order to avoid excessive power accumulation in certain sectors, and risks of authoritarism.

Answer:

d it is

Explanation:

it is just d bud

How did increased consumer confidence lead to a growing economy?

A. It encouraged spending.
B. It encouraged bank runs.
C. It discouraged consumerism.
D. It discouraged the use of credit.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

its a

The increased consumer confidence encouraged spending which lead to a growing economy. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

What is consumer confidence?

Consumer confidence is an economic indicator that measures consumers' optimism about the overall state of a country's economy and their own financial situation. It is an important source of economic data because private consumption accounts for roughly two-thirds of all economic activity in most countries.

Consumer confidence is usually high during an economic expansion. As a result, consumers tend to spend more than usual, particularly on larger-ticket items and durable goods (e.g., automobiles and household appliances).

Therefore, the increase in consumer spending in turn helps the economy sustain its expansion.

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In contrast to the pilgrims, the puritans wanted to:

Answers

Purify the Church--Pilgrims were separatists, wanting a new religion but Puritans wanted to fix the problems and make the Church more moral. 

Puritans aimed at creating a moral church without the glam of Catholicism. Catholics had become flashy with colored clothing, dancing, drinking, and even priests having children. Puritans focused on hard work and a simple life to prove worthiness for heaven. 

The united states acquired several new territories during the late 1800s which two eventually became states

Answers

I know the US acquired Alaska in 1867, and I'm pretty sure California became a state in 1850.

how does jourdan anderson show he is honest?

Answers

Answer:

Jordan Anderson was a former African American slave, he is famously known for his letter to his former master, the letter is acknowledged as 'Letter from a Freedman to His Old Master'. He wrote this letter to his old master when he was summoned by Colonel P. H. Anderson to work in his plantation to restore the farm which was in disorder because of the Civil War.

The letter is proof of his honesty, the names he mentions in this letter were real people. The circumstances in which he worked in that plantation is enough to show he is honest because there were thousands of slave who worked and faced a similar situation as Jordan Anderson faced.

the three parts which made up Christian Spain in 1140 were

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Castile and Leon, Portugal, and Aragon
The three parts that made up christian spain in 1140 were Castile and Leon, Portugal, and Aragon

In the view of this cartoonist, russia under lenin's rule was characterized by

Answers

Final answer:

The cartoonist likely viewed Russia under Lenin as characterized by an emergency economic policy blending socialism and capitalism, rapid industrialization, and the state's suppression of dissidence. Underlying these initiatives was the wave of communism and authoritarianism in response to national crises, with more extreme forms of such policies carried on by Lenin's successor.

Explanation:

In the perspective of the cartoonist, Russia under Lenin's rule was depicted with elements of communism, authoritarianism, and a response to extreme economic crises. Dating back to the establishment of Lenin's rule, Russian society underwent significant transformations. One of these was the launch of the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1921, incited by the drastic decrease in industrial and agricultural production after World War I. The NEP was an incorporation of certain elements of capitalism into the highly dominated socialist economy, a shift from the envisioned pure socialist state. However, this move was an urgent response to severe hardships and rising public dissatisfaction.

Despite this transitional policy, Lenin heavily insisted on rapid industrialization, raising awareness among the workers, and suppressing any forces resisting the step towards communism. Following Lenin’s death, his successor Stalin took these principles to more stringent lengths, essentially imposing a form of totalitarianism in which the state sought control across all domains of the populace's lives. This aggressive approach to achieve state objectives subverts the idealistic portrayal of communism as a haven of shared prosperity and equality.


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which of the following was NOT a reason why french exploreres settled in north america
a . gold
b . furs
c . religion
d . adventure

Answers

a, gold, they did not know that there was gold and if so, it was not verified

What were the central principles animating american government in the years 1800 to 1812?

Answers

By 1800, America was set out to prove that it was self-sustaining independent government that had its place in the world. This includes expanding the nation, which was facing skirmishes by Native American tribes on the frontier, as well as solving foreign diplomatic issues through peace or war with the British who were taking American sailors and ships hostage. The election of 1800 between Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson saw the federalist-minded Burr lose to Jefferson who ran on the Republican-Democrat ticket. This election marked the end of federalism and the introduction to Jeffersonian, a movement which was anti aristocratic. 

Debussy felt unable to compose for a time during World War I. He returned to composition because of his sense of _______, or love for his country. A. primitivism B. nationalism C. impressionism D. expressionism

Answers

The correct answer is B. The beginning of the First World War caused a radical change for the cultural activity and for the life of Debussy due to the lack of commissions aggravated his economic problems. Despite these circumstances, he never stopped writing.

Debussy was inspired by the nationalism during the beginning of the First World War to write his last project. It was a cycle of six sonatas in which was the «Sonata for flute, viola, and harp», one of his most beautiful pieces.

URGENT Will Fan and Medal!!
Which of the following caused civil unrest in the 1960's?


A.
Rural America was poor while most people in cities were rich.


B.
Women were paid less than men for doing the same job.


C.
Americans did not support Lyndon Johnson's dream of a Great Society.


D.
Americans no longer supported the Vietnam War.


E.
Black citizens were still fighting against discrimination.,

Answers

There was much more civil unrest during the 1960s than the 1950s. However, unrest in both decades was caused by the issues of African American rights and grievances. In the 1960s, but not the 1950s, unrest was also caused by the Vietnam War. In the 1950s, there was little civil unrest in the US.

How did the battle of the bulge get it’s name?

Answers

The Battle of Bulge gets its name because that was the appearance of the Germans that the Allied line saw. The Germans created a "bulge" as the Germans moved deeper into the Ardennes forest. Thus, the name Battle of the Bulge.

to promote economic growth and strength the government allows private markets to operate but it also ——— them

Answers

The correct word would be either "regulates" or "monitors."

Even though the government allows private markets to operate, there are still laws that need to be followed. These laws originate from poor working conditions in American society during the early 20th century. Before these regulations, businesses made individuals work 50-70 hours a week, did not offer bonus pay, and hired child labor. Now, the government works to regulate (monitor) businesses to make sure that these actions don't happen again.

Along with this, government also works to make sure that private markets do not become like a monopoly or trust. If businesses worked together to act as a monopoly/trust, they could manipulate prices and decrease competition. This is why the government is necessary for private markets.

I have two questions...
1.) Why has Lamarck's Theory of evolution been rejected?
2..) Malthus formed his theory by studying factors that control the population growth of humans. How might factors operating on organisms in nature differ from those of Malthus's theory?

thank you!,

Answers

It was rejected since he suggested that the acquired character which was an organism gain through its life experiences are transferred to its next Generation

Comment If I am Wrong  :)

Based on the information in the graphs below, what region do you predict will win the Civil War? Explain your reasoning. ( *Use RARE: RESTATE /ANSWER REASONS/EVIDENCE/EXAMPLES*)

Answers

According to the Graph, the north would win the war

That is because they have a vastly superior number of people which means that they could have a superior number of soldiers as well in case of a full mobilization. They also control most of the resources and have much higher amounts of money which means that they would easily be able to wage war without thinking about their expenses.

The most common ergogenic aid is
Answer

psychological.

mechanical.

dietary supplements.

meditation.

Answers

C is the answer but A could be it
Answer: The most common ergogenic aid is: dietary supplements.  
Ergogenic aids are substances or treatments that improve athletic performance beyond what training alone can do. Among athletes, dietary supplements are extremely common ergogenic aids.

The purpThe purpose of the "first ten amendments" to the Constitution is to __________.a define the powers of the executive branch
b limit the power of state governments over individuals
 c protect the rights of individuals from the federal government
 d describe a check on the powers of the judicial branchose of the "first ten amendments" to the Constitution is to

Answers

protect the rights of individuals from the federal government

Answer:

C protect the rights of individuals from the federal government

Explanation:

The purpose of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights, is to protect the rights of individuals from the federal government. These amendments guarantee people's freedom of religion, of expression and of the press, people's right to enjoy a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury in criminal prosecutions, people's right to be free from unreasonable government intrusion in their homes through the requirement of a warrant, and it grants states and people certain reserved powers, among others.

who was Athenian ruler advanced the cause of democracy by taking steps to allow all citizens to participate in their government.

Answers

I would say that Pericles was a strong advocate for Athenian democracy though it had been existence before him and he promoted the ability of citizens to participate in the functioning of their government. I would also say that the current Prime Minister or Alexis Tsipras believes in true democracy and a government that really tries to serve the vast majority of the people by refusing to allow the debt to the European Union to overshadow the social needs of the Greek people.

Answer:

Cleisthenes

Explanation:

Solon (in 594 BC), Cleisthenes (in 508/7 BC), and Ephialtes (in 462 BC) contributed to the development of Athenian democracy. Cleisthenes broke up the power of the nobility by organizing citizens into ten groups based on where they lived, rather than on their wealth.

What is an example of partisanship?

Answers

A partisan is someone who strongly supports a group of people. Partisanships are typically talked about in politics.

For example, a political party's presidential candidate is a good example of a partisanship.

Elected officials support the policies of their party is the correct answer.

According to john locke and the declaration of independence, our rights are ______.
a. granted by government
b. granted by our fellow citizens
c. natural
d. determined indirectly as whatever is not regulated by government
e. determined arbitrarily

Answers

C. Natural. John Locke was strongly influential in Thomas Jefferson writing the Declaration of Independence. John Locke argued that while certain liberties must be given up by citizens to their government, the concept of natural rights that man is born with are destined to stay. These include life, liberty, and property in the words of John Locke. Thomas Jefferson similarly echoed similar sentiments, by stating the natural rights of man include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Answer:

The authors of the Declaration believe that our rights are directly derived from God.

Explanation:

Which of the following was a cash crop grown in the Caribbean region during the colonial era? A. Pine B. Silk C. Sugar D. Poppies

Answers

sugar is your answer have a great day

Where was the majority of the cotton produced in the south going by 1860?

Answers

it was going to europe 

Help! Need the answer quick

Answers

he is confindent afraid shoked

Why did presidents want to expand presidential powers

Answers

Presidents want to expand presidential power so they can be in more control of what is happening in their country.


I hope this helps!

In most cases, presidents want to expand their term in the presidency because they have not finished all their proposals or are running. it is so they ask to extend their mandates by vote or a law, although this can be counterproductive for the country.

As in Latin America, many presidents have expanded their powers and stayed for more than 10 years turning a democracy into a dictatorship.

I hope It help you

What are the criteria that the supreme court has adapted in defining strict scrutiny?

Answers

The Supreme Court will apply "strict scrutiny" to any law that establishes a quota system in regard to racial (or other) preferences.  Quota systems cannot be used unless it is demonstrated that they are necessary to address past or present patterns of actual discrimination against some persons or groups.  There must be proof that the patterns of actual discrimination have produced or are producing the inequities in regard to how well minorities are represented in a particular area (such as employment, contracts awarded, school admission, etc).  The statistical reality that a minority group is underrepresented somewhere does not in itself prove that there has been discriminatory practice.


What stanza from Robert Frost’s "The Road Not Taken” most conveys a tone of indecision?stanza 1stanza 2stanza 3stanza 4

Answers

The answer is stanza 1. The road not taken is about life’s choices and decision making, it is a poem who tackles about deciding which road to take which path to follow. It is traveling through a road that your decisions matters. This line in the poem and looked down one as far as I could. And be one traveler, long I stood.

Stanza 1 most conveys a tone of indecision.

Robert Frost opens his poem, in stanza 1, describing how, seeing "two roads diverged in a yellow wood," he was sorry he "could not travel both  and be one traveler."  So he stood for a long time and looked down the one that was the more well-traveled path before deciding to take the less-traveled road.  At the end of the poem (in stanza 4), he concluded"  "I took the one less traveled by,  and that has made all the difference. "

Robert Frost's poem, "The Road Not Taken," was the first poem in his 1916 collection of poetry entitled, Mountain Interval.  In 1960, Frost was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal (our nation's highest civilian honor) for his contributions in poetry.

How did trade with other groups contribute to the rise and fall of the three West African empires?

Answers

Trading helped them rise since they were immensely rich in things like Salt which was even worth more than gold in many parts of the world. Having secure trade routes and taxing traders made the country rich and powerful. This led to the decline since such wealth meant that many foreign enemies would want to attack them and take it from them which is what happened to both Mali and Songhai empires.

The Americans formed a republic, a government in which people rule
through
A. Appointed representatives C. elected representatives
B. Council of representatives D. popular vote

Answers

c) elected representatives

Hope this helped!
Final answer:

The Americans formed a republic, a form of government where people rule through their elected representatives. In this system, citizens vote for individuals to make decisions and laws on their behalf.

Explanation:

The Americans formed a republic, which is a type of government system where the people rule through their elected representatives. This means citizens participate in the electoral process by voting for individuals who they believe best represent their interests and values. These representatives are then responsible for making decisions and passing laws on behalf of their constituents. This form of governance differs from systems where power is held by a single individual or body, such as a monarchical or autocratic system. Instead, power is distributed among several elected individuals or bodies, highlighting the principle of representative democracy inherent in a republic.

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In what ways was the third estate prevented from having power before the revolution?

Answers

The third estate was made up of middle and lower class of the French population, making 98% of the total population. The other two estates were the Clergy (religious institutions) and the Nobility, the first and second estates respectively. Each group met and were able to vote and discuss the direction of the country. After the Seven Years War, the French economy was decimated and the third estate suffered reparations as the other two estates did not have to pay taxes and were granted certain privileges. Because of the two estates not being tasked with any burdens, the third estate was constantly outvoted and out-voiced by the other two, and this caused a strong desire for a political change from the current circumstances that made it difficult for the third estate to thrive and live.

Before the French Revolution, the Third Estate was denied power through an unfair voting system in the Estates-General, exclusive privileges for the upper estates, and heavy taxation.

Before the French Revolution, society was divided into three estates: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and the commoners (Third Estate). The Third Estate, which represented over 90% of the population, faced numerous barriers to power:

Voting System: In the Estates-General, each estate had one vote, allowing the First and Second Estates to outvote the Third Estate on decisions, despite its larger population.Exclusive Privileges: Public offices and top societal positions were reserved for members of the First and Second Estates. This prevented talented individuals from the Third Estate from advancing based on merit.Heavy Taxation: The Third Estate was subjected to significant taxes while the First and Second Estates enjoyed tax exemptions. This economic burden limited the Third Estate's financial power and influence.

These factors led to widespread frustration and contributed to the revolutionary movements that sought to dismantle the existing social and political structure.

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