Isotonic- In an isotonic solution the solvent and the solute are equal in concentration.
Hypertonic- contains more solvent than the solute. In cases of urine, it means there is more water concentration compared to solutes such as glucose, Na ions, Cl ions or Urea.
Process of changing isotonic solution (plasma) to hypertonic solution
Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery which separates many times segmental arteries to interlobular arteries to arcuate arteries to interlobular arteries to afferent arteries which deliver blood to nephron. Afferent arterioles has a greater diameter than the efferent(carries blood from the nephron) hence forcing some components of blood out of glomerular capillaries such as water, salt, glucose, urea are passed to Bowmans capsule and are known as glomerular filtrate(contains about 20% of blood plasma) glomerular filtrate is passed from renal capsule to renal tube .Blood cells and plasma proteins are not filtered out because of their large size.
Reabsorption
Tubular reabsorption occurs through three mechanisms
Diffusion-movement of molecules\ions particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
active transport- a movement of molecules from a low concentrated area to a high concentrated area against a concentration gradient by use of energy
Osmosis-movement of water molecules from of hypotonic concentration to hypertonic concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
Water and glucose are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.There is a high concentration of sodium ions in the filtrate hence it moves from tubular fluids to the proximal convoluted tubule. Other substances that are reabsorbed include glucose, amino acids, lactic acids and bicarbonate ions. 80% of water is reabsorbed through diffusion.
In the loop of Henle, the remaining water, dissolved salts and urea passes through the descending loop of Henle (permeable to water and less permeable to Na, Cl, and urea) this being so it increases the osmotic gradient hence the solutes are reabsorbed by the ascending loop of Henle (permeable to Cl and Na ions impermeable to water)
In the distal convoluted tubule the anti-diuretic hormone makes cells to be more permeable to water hence allows more water to go back to the blood.
Final answer:
The kidneys excrete hypertonic urine to conserve water by reabsorbing solutes from the isotonic plasma, thus increasing the urine's osmolarity. Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentrations in the cells, whereas hypertonic solutions have higher solute concentrations, leading to water exiting the cells.
Explanation:
When the body needs to conserve water, the kidneys excrete hypertonic urine. The terms isotonic and hypertonic are relative measures of osmolarity, or solute concentration, of a solution compared to another solution. In an isotonic solution, the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell, which means there will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell. A hypertonic solution, conversely, has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, leading to water moving out of the cells into the surrounding fluid.
Plasma is considered an isotonic solution to the body's cells. To convert the isotonic plasma to hypertonic urine, the kidneys must actively reabsorb solutes from the to-be-excreted fluid back into the bloodstream, thus elevating the osmolarity of the urine. This process ensures that water is retained in the body, especially when dehydrated or when the body needs to maintain higher water retention. The kidneys' ability to adjust the osmolarity of urine is fundamental to maintaining homeostasis within the body.
In a community, biodiversity can be measured by __________.
What biological compounds are non-polar and insoluble in water?
changes in sea level can result from water being locked inside a
A 58 year-old man with an enlarging right hydrocele is here for surgical repair. he is taken to the operating room where the hydrocele was enucleated from the skin in dartos fashion and delivered into the wound. it was skeletonized at the equator and then was opened and drained. excess hydrocele sac tissue was excised with electrocautery. it was then wrapped backward around the spermatic cord and sewn there so it would not reform. there were a few pockets also opened up and skeletonized. the testicle was replaced in the scrotum. what cpt® code is reported for this service?
The correct CPT® code for the described hydrocele repair surgery should be determined by consulting the latest CPT® coding manual or coding software, as codes are highly specific and may vary based on surgical details.
Explanation:The student is seeking the correct CPT® (Current Procedural Terminology) code for a surgical procedure involving the repair of an enlarging hydrocele in a 58-year-old man. The description of the surgery indicates that the hydrocele was enucleated, skeletonized, drained, and excess tissue was excised with electrocautery. Additionally, tissue was wrapped around the spermatic cord to prevent reformation of the hydrocele, and the testicle was returned to the scrotum.
For such a procedure, the appropriate CPT® code would depend on the specific details and techniques used, as well as the guidance provided by the latest version of the CPT® coding manual, which is updated annually. Generally, hydrocele repair procedures are categorized under CPT® codes related to scrotal surgeries. Due to the complexity of the surgical procedure and the potential for various specific techniques that could be involved, it is important to consult the CPT manual to determine the most accurate code that reflects all aspects of the surgery performed.
As CPT® codes are highly specific and regularly updated, medical professionals usually refer to the most current coding manuals or coding software for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
For a lab assignment, you are presented with a fungus and are asked to observe and draw conclusions about its reproductive cycle. During the first hour you notice about 10% of your sample has produced dust-like spores at the tips of its hyphae. After 8 hours, 90% of the sample is producing the spores. You conclude that
Answer:
The conclusion from the following experiment is that the fungus is undergoing Asexual mode of reproduction.
Explanation:
The fungus has two types of reproduction i.e. The sexual cycle of reproduction and the Asexual cycle of reproduction.
The Asexual reproduction is carried out by spores. These spores are formed inside the sporangium. They are located either inside or at the tips of the hyphae. These spores are dust like in nature.
So the experimental fungus is undergoing Asexual mode of reproduction.
Carbon in the ocean originates from the atmosphere. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
The given statement is true.
Carbon in the ocean originates from the atmosphere. There exists an oceanic carbon cycle, which comprises the procedures that exchange carbon among the different pools within the ocean as well as between the atmosphere, sea floor, and the interior of the Earth.
First, from the atmosphere, the carbon dioxide is captivated by the surface of the ocean. It is then transformed into a dissolved inorganic carbon, which is then succeeded by a series of steps of the oceanic carbon cycle.
are there any environmental or pathogenic factors that can cause cancer
The brain and the spinal cord make up the _____, which controls and commands bodily functions.
These photographs show different types of eruptions. drag the name of the eruption type to the correct photograph.
PLZ HELP ASAP!!
Which weather event is most likely to occur if there are warmer than average ocean waters in the Pacific?
Flooding in the southern United States due to El Niño
Drought in the southern United States due to La Niña
Wet conditions in the Pacific Northwest due to El Niño
Drought in the southern United States due to La Niña
Answer:
A
Explanation:
100%
of those listed which gas is the least abundant in earths atmosphere
a- oxygen
b- nitrogen
c- ozone
d - argon
Answer:
Option C = Ozone
Explanation:
The Percentage of given gases in atmosphere:
Oxygen = O₂ = 20.95 %
Nitrogen = N₂ = 78.08%
Argon = Ar = 0.93%
Ozone = O₃ = 0.000004%
Nitrogen is most abundant gas in atmosphere while oxygen is second most abundant gas. The nitrogen and oxygen are present in diatomic form such as O₂ and N₂.
Water vapors are also present but the percentage vary according to location. In hot humid areas the percentage of water is 0- 4% and it is third abundant gas.
The percentage of other gases in atmosphere are given below:
CO₂ = 0.0360%
Ne = 0.0018%
He = 0.0005%
CH₄ = 0.00017 %
N₂O = 0.0003%
H₂ = 0.00005%
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Ozone gas is the least abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere. Their concentration is least but it has hue impact on the people and animals living in earth.
Ozone is the the layer which protects the incoming ultraviolet rays from the sun which reaches the earth.
The percentage of ozone gas is 0.000004% in the atmosphere which is very less.
Green and brown algae share many common features. Both have pigments for trapping sunlight and use photosynthesis for energy. Both store their food as sugars. Both have cell walls and plant-like bodies. However, their DNA suggests that they are not even remotely related to one another. Green algae and brown algae show __________________ evolution, since they look similar, but are not close relatives.
A) convergent
B) divergent
C) homologous
Eliminate
D) vestigial
Answer: Option A) convergent.
Explanation:
Convergent evolution is a type of evolution in which the organisms evolve independently and attain similar traits in order to adapt to similar environments even though they are not closely related.The similarity can be in terms of body forms, body color, organs, and adaptations.The structures formed due to convergent evolution are analogous structures that perform a similar function but have a different origin.So green and blue algae show convergent evolution as they look similar but are not closely related.Which items in this image are electrically conductiv
What are your thoughts on human-made protective structures and beach-nourishment projects? Are they worth the time, money, and ecological harm? Discuss at least one benefit and one drawback of each of these human attempts to counteract natural shoreline process.
You are the triage nurse in the emergency department (ed) when a grandfather carries his 4-year-old grandson into the ed. the child is not breathing, and the grandfather states the boy was stung by a bee just outside the ed where they were waiting for the mother to get off work. what characteristics of anaphylactic shock would lead you to believe this is what is happening to the patient?
If atp is present in relatively high amounts, what is likely to happen to the rate of glycolytic activity in that cell?
Which of the following statements is true? Friction works in the direction opposite of motion. Lubrication can be used to increase friction. Only large masses exert gravitational force. Air resistance is greatest for objects with small surface areas.
Diet and nutrition are closely linked to the study of biomolecules. how should you monitor your food intake to insure the cells in your body have the materials necessary to function?
To ensure the cells in your body have the necessary materials to function, it is important to eat a balanced diet rich in proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. These biomolecules are then broken down during digestion and absorption to provide the building blocks and energy needed for cellular functions.
Nutrition and biomolecules are fundamentally interconnected. For your body's cells to function optimally, they require materials provided by the food you consume, such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids. Proteins provide amino acids necessary for building tissues. Fats are essential for building cell membranes and storing energy, while carbohydrates primarily serve as the body's energy source. It's crucial to monitor your food intake to ensure that you are getting the right balance of these nutrients. To achieve this, consuming a balanced diet filled with a variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats is recommended.
To maintain cellular functions, the body converts these complex macromolecules into simpler molecules through a process of digestion and absorption. Monitoring your food intake involves not only eating the right quantity of food but also focusing on the quality and variety of the foods you choose. This ensures that you get all the necessary nutrients for your body's metabolic processes, which in turn support the daily functions of your cells, the production of new cellular components, and overall health and well-being.
In species where males provide the bulk of the parental care, males are most likely to
Concerning cells, structure determines _____.
Concerning cells, structure determines - Function
Cell is the smallest unit of life. It has organelles which have structures and different anatomies which helps the cell to function accordingly. Cells are also known as the building blocks of life and make up the organs and organ system.
What other kinds of cues might be reliable indicators for predator presence?
Predator scents, warning cries, and marks are cues that might be reliable indicators for predator presence.
Further Explanation:
The change in a population can be decreased due to the gene flow and due to an increase in the number of predators. Thus, the genetic variation increases due to a decrease and increase in predators and food respectively. To determine the presence of predator is very necessary to safeguard them. There are many cues and signs which indicate the existence of predators. Some of them are:
Marks of predators Scent of predators
Animal usually secrete hormone that helps in determining the presence of predator. Also, warning cries of predators indicates the existence of them. Movement of predators can easily sense by the individual. Predators' habitat can also give insight if they still live there or not. Markings on the surroundings can also help in determining the activity and presence.
Learn more:
Learn more about the Graafian follicle https://brainly.com/question/4189307 Learn more about the human sperm and egg cells https://brainly.com/question/1626319 Learn more about the female reproductive tract https://brainly.com/question/9813796Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Topic: Ecology
Keywords:
Predators, presence, cues, activity, sign, marks, scent, animal, cry, warning, hormone, decrease, increase, movement, genetic variation, habitat.
What two ways in which a young person can learn more about a career in animal science?
Final answer:
A young person can learn about animal science through engaging in independent studies and gaining direct experience with volunteering, internships, or job shadowing. Additionally, participating in interest groups and conducting field studies are valuable for exploring the field.
Explanation:
Two ways in which a young person can learn more about a career in animal science are through independent studies and gaining practical experience. Independent studies allow students to investigate a science-related topic by activities such as making films or conducting polls, and interacting with their local environment to observe animal and plant life. Gaining practical experience could involve volunteering, job shadowing, or internships where students work alongside professionals and learn directly about the career field. Volunteering at places like animal shelters can provide direct experience and networking opportunities. Moreover, seeking out a researcher at a nearby college or institution through a science teacher or guidance counselor can offer valuable insights into the field.
Another valuable approach is to join interest groups or professional organizations related to animal science. Such groups provide opportunities to network, share information, and stay updated on the latest developments in the field. Finally, hands-on projects like conducting an Animal Behavior Field Study can help students comprehend how animals interact within their environment, thereby deepening their understanding of animal science.
Jeremy's trainer should have taken a physiology class. If he had, he would know that the use of steroids (in addition to other problems) actually increases_____________________, which is counterproductive to improving bone density.
The answer is Parathyroid Hormone (PTH). Steroids reduce calcium levels in the blood. This results in activation of the parathyroid hormone that is essential in the metabolism of calcium in the blood. PTH induces reabsorption of calcium from bones to restore homeostasis Ca2+ levels in the blood hence causing osteoporosis. Osteoporosis causes an increased risk of bone fractures.
Any change in allele frequencies in a gene pool is
what two factors affect variation in egg prices?
Answer: The two factors that affect the prices of eggs are its quality and how old are they. The eggs that is used for eating first crosses quality control department.
The eggs can be of any variety A, B and C. The grade A of the egg is shiny and round and free from any cracks. It is the highest quality of egg which is paid the most.
Grade B is uncracked eggs but the texture of the eggs are rough and and sometimes they are flat.
Grade C eggs are very less paid as they have cracked shells and are not considered as good quality of eggs.
The second factor is how old the eggs is. The less old eggs are paid more and the older eggs are paid less.
A scientific law can be best described as
an explanation of a specific relationship
a series of observations with contradictory data
a phenomenon which works under changing conditions
a description of specific relationships under given conditions
Answer:
a description of specific relationships under given conditions
Explanation:
A scientific law can be established after a series of observations have been conducted and after having obtained enough data as to be able to determine the behavior of a phenomena, whilst also taking into account specific given conditions. This can serve to describe or predict a range of natural phenomena.
Fossils can be body parts of ancient organisms, or they can be traces. give five examples of traces.
Trackways/footprints, mold and cast fossils, feeding marks, coprolites, and burrows. Trace fossils show the activity of ancient organisms rather than the body fossil itself. However, it is rather difficult to identify an organism by use of mere trace fossil, and therefore, it is less accurate.
How are amino acids assembled during translation?
mRNA attaches to the ribosome.
tRNA molecules transport amino acids to the ribosome.
Anti-codons and codons match up and form complementary base pairs.
Peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids to form the protein.
Which function does a phytoplankton have in ocean ecosystems? A. producer B. consumer C. scavenger D. decomposer
Answer: A. Producer
Explanation:
Since the seas on Earth are so tremendous, the atmosphere shifts drastically. Warm tropical waters along the bank of the equator feel about like shower water. These spots are home to unimaginable biodiversity. However, the solidifying waters of the Arctic have their very own biological system as well, regardless of the temperature. Indeed, even the bone-squashing profundities of the remote ocean are home to stunning kinds of life.
Coral reefs live in the shallow, warm waters close to the bank of the equator. The producers in all seas, including the coral reefs, are fundamentally algae and phytoplankton, minuscule photosynthetic living beings that produce nourishment from water and daylight.
Cesare beccaria recommended six ways to prevent crime. three are listed below. which one does not belong