Which factors are typically used to determine the range of healthy body weight? pulse divided by waist girth
ratio of waist to hips
ratio of height to weight
skinfold measurements

Answers

Answer 1
Ratio of height to weight, this is also otherwise known as BMI index.
Answer 2
Final answer:

A range of healthy body weight relies on a variety of factors including the ratio of height to weight (BMI), skinfold measurements (body fat percentage), and ratio of waist to hips (fat distribution measurement).

Explanation:

The factors typically used to determine the range of a healthy body weight include the ratio of height to weight, skinfold measurements, and the ratio of waist to hips.

The ratio of height to weight is also known as Body Mass Index (BMI). It is a useful measure to check if your weight is in a healthy range for your height. This is calculated by dividing your weight in kilograms by the square of your height in meters.

Skinfold measurements are taken to measure body fat percentage. Fat is pinched and measured using calipers at various parts of the body, and a formula is used to calculate body fat percentage.

The ratio of waist to hips or waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measurement of fat distribution. It helps to identify if more fats are stored around your waist or hips, which could raise your risk for some health problems.

Learn more about Healthy Body Weight here:

https://brainly.com/question/32111909

#SPJ11


Related Questions

What happens as more and more carbon leaves other reservoirs and enters the atmosphere?
Question 4 options:


Rocks turn into shells.


Plants run out of air.


The atmosphere heats up.


Volcanoes become less active.

Answers

Answer:

The atmosphere heats up as more and more carbon leaves other reservoirs and enters the atmosphere,

Explanation:

During carbon cycle the carbon from the reservoirs is added into the atmosphere in the form of gases.As more and more carbon leaves the reservoirs, it is converted to gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide etc.Being a green house gas, carbon dioxide traps the heat that re-radiates from the Earths surface and keeps the atmosphere warm.So, when more carbon leaves the reservoir and enters the atmosphere ; the level of carbon dioxide increases and more heat is trapped.This results in heating up of the Earth's atmosphere.

What is exceptional about the role of early Polynesian cultures in exploration?
A. They sailed to the Americas.
B. They traveled over 2000 miles by sea.
C. They sailed around the continent of Africa.
D. They were the first to move from one island to the next.

Answers

Answer:

They travelled over 2000 miles by sea is exceptional about the role of early Polynesian cultures in exploration

Explanation:

These people have the exceptional talent having the excellency in boat making. And have the ability to sail across the sea with the help of currents, stars and with cloud formation. They have excellency with the highest skill in fishing and farming. Growing of fruit trees, growing of vegetables that also includes the growing of pigs, poultry and dogs. Islanders were having the talent of craftspeople, and cravings of wood, fibre and feathers for creating pieces of power and beauty.  

Answer:

B. They traveled over 2000 miles by sea.

Explanation:

Just did the test for Marine Science!

Plz click the Thanks button :)

<Jayla>

what is the plant that get no nutrients called​

Answers

Answer:

A saprophyte is a plant that does not have chlorophyll and gets its food from dead matter, similar to bacteria and fungi (note that fungi are often called saprophytes, which is incorrect, because fungi are not plants).

Explanation:

BRAINLIEST PLSSS :)

How does this phenomenon occur?

Answers

Answer:its a full moon and more light from the sun is bouncing off the moon.

Explanation:

I got no expert explanation though

Which of these factors does NOT play a significant role in cell differentiation?

Answers

Answer:

Certain segments of DNA will be lost in the translation process, rendering certain genes obsolete in particular cells.

Explanation:

DNA, RNA, and environmental factors all play significant roles in cell differentiation. While DNA is identical in every cell, evert cell does not express the same genes. In different cells, some genes are turned "on" while others are suppressed or turned "off." The combination of genes expressed allows for cells to differentiate.

(Copied from USATESTPREP)

Final answer:

Maturation does not play a significant role in cell differentiation; rather, the process is governed by the selective expression of genes through transcription factors.

Explanation:

The factor that does not play a significant role in cell differentiation is maturation. Cell differentiation is a process where cells become specialized in their structure and function. This process is mainly influenced by the expression of specific genes through the action of transcription factors, which either promote or hinder the transcription of these genes. Factors such as differentiation, specialization, and modification are critical to this process, as they relate to how cells become distinct from one another and undertake specific roles within an organism. However, maturation, while part of the development process of an organism, does not directly dictate or influence the differentiation of cells in the same way that gene expression and transcription factors do.

Learn more about Cell Differentiation here:

https://brainly.com/question/18639909

#SPJ3

Where does anaerobic and aerobic respiration occur???

Answers

Anaerobic respiration takes place in the fluid portion of the cytoplasm.

aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondrial matrix or on the inside of the inner membrane of mitochondria

hope this helps!! :D

HELP! 50 POINTS!! WRITE IN YOUR OWN WORDS!

Evolution is sometimes a controversial topic. Write a paragraph (minimum 5 short paragraphs) including the following:
What is your opinion about evolution?
Do you think there should be a controversy?
Do you think alternatives to evolution should be taught in schools?
Why or why not?

Answers

Evolution is sometimes a controversial:

Evolution is the most scientific explanation about how the life forms of earth originated and turned into the form that we see today.

I don’t think there should be a controversy because there is no other explanation that proves to be more logical than the theory of evolution. Evolution is a theory that has several supporting proofs and the theory itself was formed after several years of detailed study and observation.

I don’t think alternatives to evolution should be taught at schools. Alternative theories to evolution are based on various religious beliefs which lack a scientific basis.

Schools should be a place that enables students to do productive scientific thinking and teaching alternatives to evolution wouldn’t be a good idea.

Final answer:

Evolution is a process supported by scientific evidence, and controversies arise when religious or ideological beliefs clash with scientific explanations. Alternatives to evolution, such as creationism or intelligent design, should not be taught in science classrooms as they lack scientific basis.

Explanation:

Evolution:

Evolution is the process by which species develop and change over time through natural selection. It is supported by a vast amount of scientific evidence, including fossil records, genetic studies, and observations of evolutionary changes in real-time. While there are still some controversies surrounding certain aspects of evolution, the theory is widely accepted and taught in schools as the main explanation for the diversity of life on Earth.

Controversy:

There should not be a controversy about the theory of evolution itself because it is based on objective scientific evidence. However, debates and controversies can arise when religious or ideological beliefs clash with scientific explanations. It is important to distinguish between scientific controversies, which are resolved through evidence-based discussions, and controversies that arise from personal or faith-based beliefs, which cannot be proven or disproven through scientific methods.

Alternatives in Schools:

Alternatives to evolution, such as creationism or intelligent design, should not be taught in science classrooms as they are not scientifically rigorous or supported by empirical evidence. Science education aims to teach students about factual knowledge and the scientific method, and alternative theories that lack scientific basis do not meet these criteria. However, it is worth mentioning that topics related to religion and philosophy can be addressed in appropriate courses or discussions that focus on these subjects.

Learn more about Evolution here:

https://brainly.com/question/13492988

#SPJ3

URGENT PLS ANSWER
Which of the following is measured by temperature?

Type of atoms in matter
Type of molecules in matter
Average kinetic energy of particles
Average potential energy of particles

Answers

Answer:

Type of molecules in matter

Explanation:

How are invertebrates similar to vertebrates?

Answers

Explanation:

they all have a highly developed brain

Each phospholipid is made up of?

Answers

Answer:

Each phospholipid is made up of 2 fatty acid molecules, a phosphate group and a molecule of glycerol.

The fatty acid molecules are formed by long chains of carbon and hydrogen.The phosphate group is formed by an atom of the element phosphors which is attached to four oxygen atoms. The fatty acids make the tail and are hydrophobic. The phosphate group makes the head.

Due to their structure, phospholipids are best suited to make the cell membrane in organisms.

Final answer:

Each phospholipid molecule is composed of a hydrophilic head, which includes a phosphate group attached to a glycerol molecule, and two hydrophobic tails, which are the long hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids. These molecules are essential for forming the cell membrane's phospholipid bilayer, crucial for the cell's structure and function.

Explanation:

Composition of Phospholipids

Each phospholipid is a crucial component of cell membranes, consisting of a polar, phosphate-containing hydrophilic head and two nonpolar, long-chain hydrophobic tails. The hydrophilic head group is attached to a glycerol molecule. This configuration is essential for the formation of the cell membrane's phospholipid bilayer, where the hydrophilic heads face outward towards the aqueous environment, and the hydrophobic tails face inward, away from water. The glycerol backbone serves as the anchor for both the hydrophilic head, which includes the phosphate group, and the hydrophobic tails, which are composed of either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acid chains are long hydrocarbon chains that contribute to the phospholipid's insolubility in water.

HURRY!
Pollution can lead to harmful algal blooms in waters off the coasts of southeastern U.S. states. Which problems are associated with harmful algal blooms?


A)increases in the severity and frequency of hurricanes B)poisoning of seafood and collapse of commercial fisheries C)contamination of beaches and sea vessels with pollutants D)decreases in the levels of photosynthesis occurring in ocean waters

Answers

Answer:

B!

Explanation:

2. Energy is released when
a. ADP reacts with a phosphate group to form ATP.
b. a phosphate group breaks away from ATP.
c. a plant produces carbohydrates.
d. a battery is recharged.

Answers

Answer:

energy is released when a phosphate group to form ATP

ATP is created when a phosphate group and ADP interact. The answer is (a). An ADP molecule is composed of two hydroxyl group, a sugar chain (ribose), as well as the nucleotide adenine.

How do phosphates function in the body?

Bone and teeth are created with the help of phosphate. Additionally, phosphorus is a constituent of the a number of essential compounds, including those that the cell needs for DNA, cell membranes, and energy (deoxyribonucleic acid). Phosphorus is a mineral that the body gets from food and excretes in urine & occasionally stool.

What signs indicate an excess of phosphate?

A high phosphorus level is frequently an indicator of damaged kidneys. Cause kidney damage (CKD), particularly those with finished kidney disease, are more likely to experience it.

To learn more about Phosphate click here:

https://brainly.com/question/14487013

#SPJ2

Aurelie is doing a lab in her chemistry class. Her teacher defined a calorie as the amount of energy needed to raise the
temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius. Aurelie has measured 300 grams of water into a beaker and
recorded its initial temperature as 20°C
How many calories does Aurelie need to increase the temperature of the water to 25° Celsius? Give your answer in calories and
Calories.
A. 1.500 Calories or 1.50 calories
B. 1.500 Calories or 150.0 calories
C. 1,500 calories or 15.0 Calories
D. 1.500 calories or 1.50 Calories

Answers

Answer:

1.50 cal

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of water = 300 g

Initial temperature = 20 °C

Final temperature = 25 °C

Calories needed = ?

Formula:

Q = m.c. ΔT

Q = amount of heat absorbed or released

m = mass of given substance

c = specific heat capacity of substance

ΔT = change in temperature

Solution:

ΔT  = T2 - T1

ΔT  = 25 °C - 20°C

ΔT  =  

Q = m.c. ΔT

Q = 300 g . 4.18j/g. °C . 5°C

Q = 6270 J

J calories:

6270 / 4184 = 1.50 cal

Answer:

15.0

Explanation:

Just trust me

What did Bohr’s model of the atom include that Rutherford’s model did not have?

Answers

Answer:

Rutherford described the atom as consisting of a tiny positive mass surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons. Bohr thought that electrons orbited the nucleus in equal orbits.

The answer is in fact Energy Levels. Case closed

4. ***Which of the following particles represents an ion?
a 14 protons, 14 neutrons, and 14 electrons
b. 9 protons, 9 neutrons, and 10 electrons
e 19 pretons, 21 neutrons, and 19 electrons
d. 1 proton, 3 neutrons, and 1 electron

Answers

Hey there!

An ion is any atom with an electric charge. This can be negative or positive.

To see which one of these is an ion, first see what causes an electric charge. Positive charges are caused by protons. One proton = one positive. Negative charges are caused by electrons. One electron = one negative. Thus, when the number of protons and electrons are equal, this makes it so there is no overall charge. Thus, to make an ion, the number of protons and electrons must be unequal.

When we look at the answer choice, we can see that the number of protons and electrons are equal for every single choice except for choice b. Thus, your answer is b.

Hope this helps!

You're reading from the journal of a European explorer from the early 1600s. In one passage, the explorer describes sitting on the Atlantic Ocean with little wind. He describes the area as being quite far north of the equator and having high pressure.
In which type of global wind was this explorer sailing?
doldrums
horse latitudes
jet stream
polar easterlies

Answers

Answer:

horse latitudes (B) hope this helps

Answer:

Option B

Explanation:

Doldrums are located some 5 degrees away from north while horse latitude is located some thirty degrees away from north latitude and by same degrees from the southern hemisphere. Polar eastariles are cold winds blowing across the Polar Regions and jet stream is fast blowing winds.  

Horse latitude is silent winds and the region has high pressure and very little precipitation.  

Hence, option B is correct

What is the importance of the genetic code?

Answers

Answer:

The genes which code for proteins comprise of tri-nucleotides units which are termed as the genetic code. The translation of the genetic code results in the right kind of protein being formed.

The genetic code is important because it starts the transcription of the right kind of protein and ends it at the right time. Without the genetic code, it would be impossible to form the right kind of proteins. The process of transcription as well as translation would all go wrong due to absence of genetic code.

a student studying primary succesion should foucus on which of these communities​

Answers

Answer:

A student studying primary succesion should focus on Granite rock.

Explanation:

Primary succession includes the presence of rock and the other elements that break down rocks to form soil and other stuffs.As the student is focusing on the study of the primary succession the main topic would be the granite rock. The other options relate to the later stage of succession like the Mesquite grassland comes after the primary succession stage. Granite rock is the intrusive igneous rock that looks like a granular structure.

the curved paths of global winds and surface currents are caused by?

Answers

The Coriolis effect bends the direction of surface currents to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere. The Coriolis effect causes winds and currents to form circular patterns. The direction that they spin depends on the hemisphere that they are in.

Final answer:

The curvature of global winds and surface currents is mainly due to the Coriolis effect, while unequal heating of Earth's surface and the shape of ocean basins also play a role.

Explanation:

The curved paths of global winds and surface currents are primarily caused by the Coriolis effect, which is due to the rotation of the Earth. This effect causes moving air and water to turn to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, creating curved paths. In addition to the Coriolis effect, unequal heating of Earth's surface by the sun (more solar radiation at the equator than at the poles) and the shape of ocean basins also contribute to the patterns of surface currents. Together, these factors create distinct wind belts and cause the moving air and water to flow in specific directions.

Note the following values
Protein is 4 calories per gram
Carbohydrates/ sugar is 4 calories per gram
Fat is 9 calories per gram
It’s is recommended for most adults that carbohydrates make up 45-65% of their diet, proteins make up 10-35% of their diet and fats make up 20-30% of their diet . Does debs diet meet these recommendations? Support your statement with calculations.

Answers

No, her diet does not. She is currently eating 128.52 calories each for protein, 289.17 calories from fat, and 1,413.44 calories from carbohydrates. This means she is consuming 6.6% of her diet from protein, 14.9% of her diet from fat, and 73.2% of her diet from carbohydrates.

Answer: No, her diet does not. She is currently eating 128.52 calories each for protein, 289.17 calories from fat, and 1,413.44 calories from carbohydrates. This means she is consuming 6.6% of her diet from protein, 14.9% of her diet from fat, and 73.2% of her diet from carbohydrates.

13. Lichens and mosses are the first organisms to grow
in an area. Over time, grasses and shrubs will grow
where these organisms have been. The grasses and
shrubs are able to grow in the area because the lichens
and mosses
A. synthesize food needed by producers in the area
B. are at the beginning of every food chain in a
community
make the environment suitable for complex plants
(D. provide the enzymes needed for plant growth

Answers

After a volcanic eruption, the order of succession in the re-population of the area is Lichens → grasses → shrubs → trees.

What is the Ecological succession?

The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time is known as ecological succession. Lichens are considered a self-sustained miniature ecosystem of themselves.They can grow themselves in any condition.

After lichen, grasses can be grown and, then shrubs and trees. This is referred to as the treeless regions found in the Arctic region and it is characterized by the presence of a windy and cold climatic system which doesn't favor the growth of tall plants.

Perma frost on the other hand is referred to as a permanently frozen layer on or under Earth's surface and it establishment of tree due to the soil not being suited for a long and deep pattern of root system.

Therefore, After a volcanic eruption, the order of succession in the re-population of the area is Lichens → grasses → shrubs → trees.

Learn more about volcanic eruption on:

https://brainly.com/question/1622004

#SPJ6

Lichens and mosses are pioneer species that help make the environment suitable for subsequent plant growth by breaking down rock into soil and enriching the soil with nutrients, such as nitrogen, through their symbiotic relationships with cyanobacteria.

These organisms are known for being the first to colonize areas of bare rock or soil after an event that leaves an area barren. Lichens, which are symbiotic associations between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner like algae or cyanobacteria, are capable of leaching nutrients from substrates and helping in soil formation. Similarly, mosses establish relationships with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, contributing nitrogen to the soil, making it more hospitable for subsequent plant growth including grasses and shrubs.

why can a more complex sugar polysaccharide store more energy than a monosaccharide

A: polysaccharide weigh less than monosaccharide
B: polysaccharide contains carbon atoms
C: polysaccharide have more chemical bonds
D: polysaccharide are made by the sun

Answers

Answer:

C: polysaccharide have more chemical bonds

Answer:

The answer is C.

C. Polysaccharide have more chemical bonds.

Explanation:

Microscopic droplets of water in the air grow larger as water vapor continues to condense . What might happen next

Answers

Answer:

Clouds are formed.

Explanation:

When water evaporates from the surface of the water bodies it rises up where it faces colder temperature.Water vapor condenses to form tiny droplets of water.As these droplets combine together they form a heavier mass of water droplets.These forms the rain bearing cloud.When these clouds get laden with water the water droplets fall as rain.

Answer:

Clouds- rain

Explanation:

In what possible scenario would the female birds evolve to having the singing trait? (5 points)

Answers

Explanation:

I'm sure the scenario was that the "male songbird " was faced with more females than males.. so the FM's would search 4 the depleted males. (like the status of m/FM in Austrailia).

Answer:

A possible scenario in which the female birds evolve to having the singing trait would be if the number of predators of that bird species depleted in the area. In this particular species of bird, the females have evolved to be non-singing for the sole purpose of avoiding detection by predators. So if the predators are no longer a valid threat, then there is no longer any use for the non-singing trait.

Explanation:

An atom has 8 protons, 9 neutrons and 8 electrons. What is the mass of this atom?

Question 11 options:

8 amu


9 amu


17 amu


16 amu

Giving 33 points ^^ will give brainly :P

Answers

Answer:

use search!

Explanation:

Hello! this would be O-17 AMU, hope this helps

Which group is least likely to be concerned about potential long-term side
effects of genetically modified (GM) food?

Answers

Answer:

The starving child is least likely to be concerned about potential long-term side  effects of genetically modified (GM) food

Explanation:

The GM food are prepared by isolating the strands of DNA using various methods  genetic engineering. A smaller defect in the strand can even become risk to life. Which first affects the starving children, various cases has been noted in the same reason. Proper testing should be done before the introduction. Testing should be done with respect to the toxicity, allergenicity, and possible transfer of the gene in the human or can also be said as the genetic out-crossing to other organism.  

PLEASE Help I will make u the brainliest if right

Answers

Answer: I think it's B

Explanation:

What is the difference between multicellular and unicellular?

Answers

Answer:

MULTICELLULAR-means many cells whereas UNICELLULAR means one cell

Explanation:

Multicellular organisms have specialized cells forming tissues and organs, while unicellular organisms consist of a single cell.

Multicellular organisms are composed of multiple cells with different shapes and specific organization, forming tissues and organs. On the other hand, unicellular organisms consist of a single cell, like bacteria and amoebae, and do not have specialized tissues or organs.

Development in multicellular organisms involves producing various cell types and organizing them into tissues and organs, requiring a complex developmental process. In contrast, unicellular organisms do not have this level of cell differentiation.

What happens when heat is added or removed from an object

Answers

Answer:

Adding energy (heating) atoms and molecules increases their motion, resulting in an increase in temperature. Removing energy (cooling) atoms and molecules decreases their motion, resulting in a decrease in temperature. Energy can be added or removed from a substance through a process called conduction.

Explanation:

Answer:

It melts or expands, when heat is removed, the opposite happens

Explanation:

This is rivalry or competition between individuals of different species within a specific habitat.

Answers

Answer:

Interspecific competition

Explanation:

Competition between individuals of different species is known as interspecific competition. In such competition for a limited resource, organisms with suitable structural and behavioural adaptations survive while others without such adaptations may die out or migrate. Competition is severe if the ecological niches of competing organisms are close.

Other Questions
How many electrons does a neutral atom with four protons contain? Need help only have few minutes to answerhow does the graph f(x)=(x-8)^3+4 compare to the paren function g(x)=x^3? if I were going to take a sentence out of a website and put in my essay, I need to surround the sentence in either ' or ". which one would I use? Help me find the missing variables When Casey opens her eyes in the morning she sees a photograph by her bedside. At that point, her eyes are receiving light energy. Her eyes then change the light energy into neural messages for the brain to process. This conversion of one form of energy into another is called: Controls are needed in a case-control study because: A. They are matched to the cases for suspected etiologic factors B. They may be followed to determine if they develop the disease in question C. They increase sample size, so that statistical significance may be achieved D. They provide a comparable estimate of the frequency of exposure in the absence of disease E. They reduce bias I will mark as the brainliest answer Those with schizophrenia might suffer from deficits in ________ memory (the ability to learn and retrieve new information or experiences in one's life) as well as __________ memory (the ability to maintain information over a short period of time) What was the name for the journey of slaves from africa to america Which phrase best matches the Republican Party's view of government?OA. Open our borders to more immigrantsOB. Regulate businesses to protect citizensOC. Set strict rules for immigrationOD. Support same-sex marriage rights Pb(NO3)2 + K2CO3 --> PbCO3 + KNO3A. 5B. 2C.4 For fully developed laminar pipe flow in a circular pipe, the velocity profile is given by u(r) = 2 (1 - r2/R2) in m/s, where R is the inner radius of the pipe. Assuming that the pipe diameter is 3.1 cm, find the (a) maximum and (b) average velocities in the pipe as well as (c) the volume flow rate. 2 PointsSolve the system of equations and choose the correct ordered pair.3x+4y= 385x - 5y=-30O A. (2,6)O B. (2,8)O C. (3,9)O D. (3,4) According to a survey of American households, the probability that the residents own two cars if annual household income is over $50,000 is 80%. Of the households surveyed, 60% had incomes over $50,000 and 70% had two cars. The probability that the residents of a household do not own two cars and have an income over $50,000 a year is __________? The president uses many formats to promote political agendas. One way is documenting ideas through signing statements. When used in connection with Congress, which description of a signing statement is most appropriate? The purpose of the salt bridge in an electrochemical cell is to ____. A. maintain electrical neutrality in the half-cells via migration of ions B. provide a source of ions to react at the anode and cathode C. provide oxygen to facilitate oxidation at the anode D. provide a means for electrons to travel from the anode to the cathode E. provide a means for electrons to travel from the cathode to the anode Francisca and Garden Estate, Inc., enter into a contract for the use of a Victorian mansion and its grounds for a wedding and reception. If ambiguities appear in the contract, they will be construed against the party who :a. drafted the contract. b. has the greater bargaining power. c. made the offer to contract. d. offers the most confusing explanation of the terms. Ana Cole is an employee of Wilson In-Home Healthcare Services. She is issued a company vehicle so that she may drive to customer sites. Required: Which of the general valuation rules would be appropriate to compute the value of the asset for any personal use? 1. En sus autorretratos, Frida Kahlo expresa __.a. el dolor de su vida personalsi. su relacin con Diego Riverado. su amor por el deporte2. Las dos lenguas indgenas ms habladas en Mxico son __.a. Nhuatl y mayasi. Azteca y mayado. Tiangui y azteca3. El Tianguis es __.a. una tribu indgena de los mercados al aire libre del norte que existen desde tiempos prehispnicossi. artesana indgena4. Los murales de Diego Rivera se pueden ver en __.a. donde trabaja el presidente mexicanosi. dentro del metrodo. la catedral metropolitanare. el palacio nacional5. En la pelcula Dficit, Gael Garca Bernal por primera vez __.a. conoce el trabajo en el cinesi. acta y dirige al mismo tiempodo. acta y produce al mismo tiempo Whenever Olivia feels bad about an exam performance, she visits the professor and breaks down into tears. As the professor attempts to console her, she is psychologically returned to her childhood. Sigmund Freud would say that Olivia is using __________ to alleviate her anxieties about her academic abilities.