Why do you think it is so difficult for some people to accept the idea of continental drift?

C. Sternum

The rest are not involved in the axial skeleton or protect vital organs

Answer: plato answer

c) sternum

Explanation:

Answer: Hypothalamus ; Sympathetic

When a stressful situation occurs, the brain's hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system.

There are autonomic responses whenever there is any psychological stress condition prepares the body to fight or adapt to it. The response to psychological or physical stress activates the sympathetic nervous system and inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system.

The HPA axis or the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responds to stress by releasing cortisol which influences metabolic, immunological and psychological functions. The HPA axis is regulated by several regions of the brain such as prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, limbic system etc.

The correct answer is option C, that is, from negative to positive.  

Action potentials are those electrical impulses, which transmit signals around the body and are nothing more than a temporary shift, that is, from negative to positive in the neuron's membrane potential resulting due to the flowing of ions in and out of the neuron suddenly.  

During the resting state, that is, prior to an action potential, all of the gated potassium and sodium channels are closed. They open once an action potential has been initiated. The sodium channel opens and more sodium ions move within the cell, making the charge more positive.  

As an action potential occurs, the neuron's electrical charge changes from negative to positive. Therefore, option C is correct.

An action potential is a brief and rapid electrical event that occurs in neurons, specifically in the axons. It is a crucial mechanism for transmitting electrical signals along the length of a neuron.

During an action potential, there is a sudden and temporary reversal in the electrical charge across the cell membrane of the neuron. Normally, the inside of the neuron is negatively charged compared to the outside. However, when an action potential is generated, there is a rapid influx of positively charged ions, such as sodium ions, into the neuron, causing a brief depolarization. This depolarization changes the electrical charge inside the neuron from negative to positive. Thus, option C is correct.

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Natural flowing water cycle are as follows. Starts from the Ocean and moisture present on land and other organisms, it evaporates into air as water vapor which makes it the vapor condensates as it cools down. After which it becomes precipitates and gives back to the ocean and some infiltrates the water systems on land before it runs and goes back into the main bodies of water. We have sub cycles such as melting of the ice caps , sublimation and desublimation.

Answer:

The answer is Characteristic streaming water cycle are as per the following.  

Explanation:

Begins from the Ocean and dampness present ashore and different living beings, it vanishes into air as water vapor which makes it the vapor condensates as it chills off. After which it progresses toward becoming accelerates and offers back to the sea and some penetrates the water frameworks ashore before it runs and returns into the fundamental waterways. We have sub cycles, for example, liquefying of the ice tops , sublimation and sublimation.

By the same phylum, my good sir

The answer is staphlococcus aureus. Food poisoning by the pathogen takes about 1 to 6 hours to show symptoms unlike the other choices that take longer. Foods most likely to cause contamination by staphlococcus aureus include, meat, salads, and cream based foods. 

this process is called crossing over

This process is called chromosomal crossover. This is when the two homologous pairs swap parts of their dna.

Valves are the thin flat tissues in the heart that acts like a one way door. The valves serve the role of preventing the back flow of blood. The heart has four major valves; that is the tricuspid valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, Pulmonary valve at the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, bicuspid valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle, and the aortic valve at the base of the aorta.

1. In batesian mimicry one harmless species that palatable to predator mimic the appearance of a harmful species so that predator can not attack on them.In mullerian mimicry two equallly noxious species evole to look similar. 
2. In mullerian mimicry it is easier to educate the predator faster by looking alike, than wasting time and increasing preying incidents.

Final answer:

Batesian mimicry involves a harmless species mimicking a harmful one without any real defenses, while Müllerian mimicry involves multiple harmful species sharing warning coloration to mutually reinforce predator avoidance.

Explanation:

The difference between Batesian and Müllerian mimicry lies in the authenticity of the signal they send to potential predators. In Batesian mimicry, a harmless species mimics the warning coloration of a harmful one. This strategy protects the harmless species as predators mistake them for the toxic species they resemble. However, these mimics do not possess any real defense mechanisms aside from their mimicry. An example of this is the bee-like robber fly which resembles the bumblebee, without possessing the ability to sting.

In contrast, Müllerian mimicry involves multiple species that not only share similar warning coloration but are also genuinely harmful to predators. In this form of mimicry, all participating species benefit as they mutually reinforce the avoidance behavior among predators. A classic example is the convergence of foul-tasting butterfly species, where each butterfly species is unpalatable on its own.

If the Batesian mimic did not have its mimicry attributes, it would likely face increased levels of predation due to the absence of the deceptive protection mimicry provides.

Answer: Temperate Deciduous Forest

Description: The Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome is suffering from deforestation due to reasons such as need for space from overpopulation and demand for goods that require paper or wood. 

Our cells are resistant to antibiotics

Final answer:

Antibiotics kill bacterial cells and not human cells because they target the peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls, a structure absent in human cells. Some bacteria can evolve to resist antibiotics, however, making these drugs less effective.

Explanation:

Antibiotics are medicines that primarily target bacterial cells, without causing damage to human cells. The primary reason for this capability is that antibiotics target certain aspects of the bacterial cells that are dissimilar to our cells, mainly their cell walls. Unlike human cells, bacterial cells have a cell wall made up of a unique substance called peptidoglycan.

Many antibiotics function by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, which weakens the bacterial cell wall and makes it more susceptible to osmotic pressure. This leads to the destruction of the bacterial cells, thus combating the infection. However, it's important to note that some bacteria can develop antibiotic resistance, evolving in ways that render antibiotics less effective against them.

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A ribozyme is an RNA with enzymatic activity.

Just like other enzymes, they can catalyze a chemical reaction, that is, they can help to accelerate a chemical reaction.

I hope this helps! I'm happy to answer any other questions you might have :)

benign because benign means the tumor is harmless

About 53% of all deaths in the u.s are caused by cardiovascular disease and cancer. Approximately 16% of deaths in the U.S are related to genetic factors and approximately 83% of deaths in the U.S before age 65 are preventable. A majority of the risk for lung disease in the united states is contributed by tobacco use. 

Active transport

Active transport is a transportation process that uses cellular energy to move molecules across a membrane from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration against the concentration gradient. The two types of active transport are primary and secondary active transport.

Retroviruses have an RNA genome rather than the usual DNA genome. 
They have a special enzyme called a reverse transcriptase (called RT for short) which takes the RNA genome and transcribes it back into DNA. So from your list the answer would be:
it uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.

Final answer:

Reverse transcriptase in retroviruses converts viral RNA into DNA using the RNA as a template, enabling the virus to incorporate its genetic material into the host's DNA. This enzyme is essential for the replication process in retroviruses. It does not hydrolyze the host DNA, translate viral RNA into proteins, or make complementary RNA strands.

Explanation:

The function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses is crucial for the viral replication process. It is an enzyme that converts viral RNA into DNA. This specific action allows the retrovirus to incorporate its genetic material into the host cell's DNA. The process begins with the virus using its RNA as a template. Reverse transcriptase then synthesizes a complementary DNA (cDNA) strand from the RNA template, creating a viral DNA that is a precise copy of the viral RNA. Therefore, it is not accurate to say that reverse transcriptase hydrolyzes the host cell's DNA nor does it translate viral RNA into proteins. Moreover, this enzyme does not make complementary RNA strands - it generates DNA from RNA.

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by the excretory system through the large intestine

 The is the Excretory System

1. Hypotonic solution; a solution that has lower salt concentration than the solvent concentration inside the cells.A hypotonic solution has more solvent than the solute, therefore, when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution it gains water through osmosis and increases in size. However, for an animal cell, it will increase in size and then bursts because it lacks cell wall. 

2. Isotonic solution is the solution with the same slat concentration as the solvent concentration. In a isotonic solution, the solute concentration and the solvent concentration are at equilibrium, hence if a cell is placed in a such a solution there will be not net change or effect on the cell. 

3. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane. Osmosis involves the movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane. An example of osmosis is the intake of water molecules in the plants through the roots.

4. Phagocytosis is the process where cells eat other cells or large substances. Phagocytosis involves the mechanism by which cells or phagocytes binds to a cell or an item it wants to engulf on the cell surface. For example; when a macrophage ingests a pathogen, the pathogen becomes trapped in a phagosome which then fuses with a lysososme and destroys the pathogen by digesting.  

5. A phospholipid is a molecules with a polar and a non polar ends, that along with protein makes up the plasma membrane. Phospholipid is a class of lipids that consists of two hydrophobic fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic head consisting of a phosphate group. It is the main component of the cell membrane, and makes the membrane to have a selective permeability. 

6. Pinocytosis is the process where cells eat small or dissolved substances. Pinocytosis is also known as fluid endocytosis; it is a type of endocytosis where small particles that are suspended in an extracellular fluid are brought into the cell by the means of invagination of the cell membrane, which cause the particles to be suspended in a vesicle. 

7. A polar molecule is a  molecule that has a partial positive and negative charges at each end. Polar molecules results from the polar bonds which comes from the difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved. Water is a good example of polar molecule because it has a partial positive charge on one side (hydrogen) and a partial negative charge on the other (oxygen). 

8. A protein is a large complex organic molecules consisting of a large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. They are usually long chains of amino acids or polypeptides, that are essentially molecules used in metabolic processes. They have a range of functions, which includes, repair and maintenance, source of energy, structural components, chemical messengers, among others. 

Answer:

1. Hypotonic solution; a solution that has lower salt concentration than the solvent concentration inside the cells.A hypotonic solution has more solvent than the solute, therefore, when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution it gains water through osmosis and increases in size. However, for an animal cell, it will increase in size and then bursts because it lacks cell wall. 

2. Isotonic solution is the solution with the same slat concentration as the solvent concentration. In a isotonic solution, the solute concentration and the solvent concentration are at equilibrium, hence if a cell is placed in a such a solution there will be not net change or effect on the cell. 

3. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane. Osmosis involves the movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane. An example of osmosis is the intake of water molecules in the plants through the roots.

4. Phagocytosis is the process where cells eat other cells or large substances. Phagocytosis involves the mechanism by which cells or phagocytes binds to a cell or an item it wants to engulf on the cell surface. For example; when a macrophage ingests a pathogen, the pathogen becomes trapped in a phagosome which then fuses with a lysososme and destroys the pathogen by digesting.  

5. A phospholipid is a molecules with a polar and a non polar ends, that along with protein makes up the plasma membrane. Phospholipid is a class of lipids that consists of two hydrophobic fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic head consisting of a phosphate group. It is the main component of the cell membrane, and makes the membrane to have a selective permeability. 

6. Pinocytosis is the process where cells eat small or dissolved substances. Pinocytosis is also known as fluid endocytosis; it is a type of endocytosis where small particles that are suspended in an extracellular fluid are brought into the cell by the means of invagination of the cell membrane, which cause the particles to be suspended in a vesicle. 

7. A polar molecule is a  molecule that has a partial positive and negative charges at each end. Polar molecules results from the polar bonds which comes from the difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved. Water is a good example of polar molecule because it has a partial positive charge on one side (hydrogen) and a partial negative charge on the other (oxygen). 

8. A protein is a large complex organic molecules consisting of a large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. They are usually long chains of amino acids or polypeptides, that are essentially molecules used in metabolic processes. They have a range of functions, which includes, repair and maintenance, source of energy, structural components, chemical messengers, among others. 

Explanation:

Cancer develops from a single cell that goes awry. This statement is True

Cancer does indeed develop from a single cell that undergoes abnormal changes or mutations in its genetic material (DNA).

These mutations can cause the cell to divide and grow uncontrollably, forming a mass of cells known as a tumor. Over time, cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis.

While there can be multiple factors that contribute to the development of cancer, it typically starts with a single cell that undergoes malignant transformation. This statement is True

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Answer:

Basic characteristics of Sponges:
                                                         Sponges belong to phylum porifera. They are simple multi-cellular aquatic animals. They have pores in their body thats why they look like sponge we use in kitchen. These pores are known as ostia. The body cavity is known as spongocoel, which open to out side through large pore known as osculum. Their body is composed of two layers, choanocyte and pinacocyte. Choanocytes are flagellated cells having spikes which help in movement of water into body and aid in capturing of food particles. The skeleton is made up of calcium carbonate or silica. A jelly like substance called as mesoglea is present between pinacocyte and choanoderm. 

General characteristics of Archeocyathans:
                                                                         The term archeocyathans is a Greek word for "ancient cup". They have a single common ancestor and became one of the planet first reef animals. Species of archeocyathans is divided into two classes, six orders, 12 suborders, 120 families and nearly 300 genera.  They are associated with carbonate sedimentation.They generally lived in shallow water with photic zone. Their fossils often co-occured with fossils of cyanobacteria. These are marine organisms whose fossils record dated back to late Precambrian and early Cambrian period. They are most closely resemble to calcareous sponges. Their structure s are conical or tubular in shape and superficially resembles horn reefs. They have world wide distribution and found in Australia, Antartica, Spain, Cubec, New york and California,

Treponema pallidium causes Syphilis.

Final answer:

Syphilis, a highly contagious STI caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, progresses through primary, secondary, and tertiary stages and can be fatal if left untreated.

Explanation:

The sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum is syphilis. This infection is highly contagious and can be spread through direct physical contact, primarily sexual. After entering the body, T. pallidum disseminates rapidly into the bloodstream and tissues.

Syphilis progresses through three stages if left untreated: primary syphilis with a hard chancre; secondary syphilis with skin and mucous membrane lesions; and tertiary syphilis, which may lead to fatal complications. In 2015, there were almost 75,000 new cases reported in the United States. It is essential for syphilis to be diagnosed and treated early to prevent long-term damage and spread of the infection.

Restoration ecology emerged as a separate field in ecology in the 1980s. It is the scientific study supporting the practice of ecological restoration, which is the practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action.

Final answer:

Restoration ecology aims to restore and repair damaged ecological systems back to their original state, and to enhance biodiversity and create sustainable ecosystems.

Explanation:

The goal of restoration ecology is to repair and restore degraded ecological systems back to their natural, original state. Often due to anthropogenic, or human-related activities, ecosystems can suffer damage, causing biodiversity loss or changes in ecosystem processes.

Restoration ecology techniques include removing invasive species, replanting native species, restoration of soil and water resources, and revitalizing the functioning and structure of the ecosystem.

This entire process aims to enhance biodiversity and create sustainable ecosystems that can once again provide important ecological services such as carbon sequestration, water purification, and habitat for diverse flora and fauna.

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Heterozygous parents have genotype Aa. If we cross two of them then:

Parents: Aa  x Aa

F1 generation: AA  Aa  Aa aa

This means that the chances of having a child with the disease are ¼ (or 25%) and that is the child with genotype aa (homozygous recessive).

Answer:

25%

Explanation:

i did the usatestprep.

The stimulus for reflex flicking movements are the vertical movements.A stimulus is a signal that causes an animal to react in some way. Some stimulus may come from outside of the animals's body while others like thirst, come from inside the animal's body. The reaction of the animal towards a stimulus is called the response. A reflex is a quick involuntary action.

The stimulus for the  reflex flicking movements are vertical movements that enables the animal to respond to its environment.

What is a reflex action?

A reflex action is an action that goes on without the conscious effort of a person. It is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.

The stimulus for the  reflex flicking movements are vertical movements that enables the animal to respond to its environment.

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Clostridium Botulism is a bacterium that produces dangerous toxins under low-oxygen condition. These are the most lethal substances.Botulism is generally associated with ingestion of the toxin produced by clostridium botulinum. The activity of the toxin will result in flaccid paralysis. Botulinum toxins block nerve functions and can lead to respiratory and muscular paralysis.

Evironmental resources are important to human health, like trees for example. Trees give off oxygen which is vital to our health.

Answer:

1. Oxygen

2. Vitamins and minerals

Explanation:

Environment has given us various essential resources to sustain human life on planet earth

1. Oxygen -

Oxygen is very essential for survival of human. A person can live without food and water for some time and not without air. Breathing also provides energy for all our metabolic processes

2. Vitamins and Minerals

Both Vitamins and minerals are natural element which are very essential for regulating the growth, functioning and health of our body. These element cannot be produced by man.