Answer:
Acid fast bacteria are stain by the gram process but it retains the red color like the gram negative. The result will show a false positive to a negative gram bacteria.
Explanation:
The acid fast bacteria are 4 groups of bacteria ( Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Corynebacterium, Clostridium) that have the characteristic that they posses a high concentration of micolic acid. This characteristic is sensible to be dye by the gramm process, because the chemicals are not attract among them. To be dye, this kind of bacteria, is necessary used heat and the presence of phenol.
The Gram stain is not used on acid-fast bacteria due to their unique cell wall structure with a layer of waxy mycolic acids, making them retain the acid-fast stain instead. Non-acid-fast bacteria can be identified by Gram stain procedure, showing up as either gram-positive or gram-negative.
Explanation:The Gram stain isn't used on acid-fast bacteria because it wouldn't accurately identify them due to their unique cell wall structure. Acid-fast bacteria, such as members of the Mycobacteriaceae family, have an extra layer of waxy mycolic acids in their cell walls, which resists the decolorizing process of the Gram stain procedure.
If you attempted to Gram stain acid-fast bacteria, the result would be inconclusive as they may not properly retain the stain due to their special cell wall structure. Therefore, the acid-fast staining protocol, which uses carbolfuchsin as the primary stain, is necessary. In this process, acid-fast cells retain the carbolfuchsin dye even after a decolorizing agent is applied.
Normal (non-acid-fast) bacteria do not have the waxy mycolic acid layer. They can be correctly identified by the Gram stain procedure. These could show gram-positive or gram-negative reaction based on their cell wall structure. Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer which retains the purple crystal-violet stain, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer and do not retain the crystal-violet stain but take up the red counterstain, safranin.
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QUESTION 2
To neutralize gastric juices in your stomach, antacids contain ____.
A)bases
B)H+ ions
C)hydronium ions
D)phenolphthalein
To neutralize gastric juices in your stomach, antacids contain bases.
So A is the answer.
Answer:
To neutralize gastric juices in your stomach, antacids contain bases. Is the answer is option A.
Explanation:
The presence of hydrochloric acid inside the stomach makes the food very acidic and sometimes it is also considered to be as acidity in stomach. It can utilize this acidity of the food bases are required from outside of the body. For this work antacids are the best option to be used.
In antacid there is a presence of base which is helpful for making the acidic food neutralize for the further process. Milk of magnesia is very common example of antacid.
A drug company is testing the effectiveness of a new blood pressure medicine using rats as the test subjects f) What is one factor that will be different between the experimental group and the control group?
Answer:
The factor that will be different between the experimental group and the control group is the independent variable.
Explanation:
Scientific experiments are conducted using control and/or experimental groups. The independent variable can be controlled and/or changed in an experiment so that the changes or effects it caused on the dependent variable can be tested. In an experimental group, the subjects are tested with the changes made in the independent variable; whereas, in a control group, the independent variable remains constant. Since the control group does not receive the independent test variable, the results of the experimental group are compared with that of the control group.
A chef sprays antimicrobial cleaner on her counter top. At first the bacterial population declines significantly. However, even though she continues to spray in the following weeks, the number of bacteria begins to increase again. Why did this happen?
Answer:
Bacteria resistance
Explanation:
The antimicrobial cleaner contained certain product which most bacteria living on the counter top were sensitive to. This means, the product was effective and killed most of them. This is why the population declines significantly.
Yet, a few bacteria were already resistant to this product. This happens because of variability in their genome. Some bacteria have mutations in their DNA that confers them this advantage, by chance.
This few resistant bacteria will slowly start to grow again, while the chef continues to spray them, and therefore keeps selecting the resistant ones allowing their population to increase again.
What are the atoms that make up carbohydrates
Answer:
All carbohydrates, including sugar, contain the same three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Different arrangements of these elements form single units to make different types of carbohydrates.
Carbon and hydrogen
which of the following statements is true about the normal functioning of an enzyme? A. The substrate can bind in any location on the enzyme. B. Enzymes store molecules for later use. C. Temperature effects the activity of an enzyme. D. Enzymes can be used with any substrate.
Among the given options, only 'Temperature effects the activity of an enzyme' is true about the normal functioning of an enzyme. An enzyme cannot bind with just any substrate or store molecules. Such molecules have active sites for specific substrates, which according to 'lock-and-key' or 'induced fit' models, aid in biochemical reactions.
Explanation:The correct statement about the normal functioning of an enzyme is 'C. Temperature effects the activity of an enzyme'. Enzyme molecules possess a unique region known as the active site to which they bind with a specific substrate, adhering to lock-and-key or induced fit hypothesis models. This explains why enzymes cannot be used with any substrate, refuting options A and D.
Moreover, enzymes do not store molecules; they aide in various biochemical reactions. The activity of an enzyme can indeed be influenced by temperature; they optimally work within a certain temperature range. High temperatures can lead to denaturation of enzymes, affecting their shape and functionality. Therefore, statement C is the correct one.
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Why are plants in the alpine biome typically low growing? a. They have limited access to nutrients. b. They have limited access to sunlight. c. They have too much access to water. d. The have access to nutrient-rich soil. Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
Answer:
B. They have limited access to nutrients.
Explanation:
Although different factors affect plant growth at high altitudes such us, higher U.V radiation, temperature and harsh winds. Depending on its location alpine biome has shallow soils that cannot support the growth of big trees. Another factor could be the run off caused by rain which ends up washing top soil nutrients limiting its availability and hence plant growth.
Also cold temperatures slow down decomposition procees limiting nutrients.
Plants in the alpine biome are typically low growing because they have limited access to sunlight.
Answer: B. They have limited access to sunlight.
Explanation:
Alpine biomes are described by cool temperatures, plentiful breeze and moderately low precipitation. This biome is home to just around 200 plant species, as their dynamic conditions are not good for plant development.
These areas are described by cold and blustery conditions as well as harsh daylight. Additionally, there's an insignificant stock of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis at high elevations.
For instance - The Himalayas, The Scottish Highlands, The Caucasus Mountains have alpine biome.
Which sentences describe the discipline of the natural sciences? It includes different sciences, such as biology, chemistry, and earth sciences. With the help of toxicology, environmental scientists can study the toxic effects of chemicals on humans. Chemistry contributes to environmental science through the study of chemicals and chemical processes, such as pollutants and the chemical characteristics of the environment. Earth science helps in studying Earth, the oceans, and the atmosphere. In addition, epidemiology, which is another prominent scientific field, guides environmental scientists to study diseases that affect human health.
Answer:
Option A, It includes different sciences, such as biology, chemistry, and earth sciences
Explanation:
There are various disciplines and sub disciplines of science. These are as follows -
a) Majorly there are three disciplines or broad areas of study of natural science and these are-
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
b) These broad areas have some sub disciplines which include the following -
Biochemistry
Geophysics
Earth science
Astronomy
Behavioural science
Anthropology
Geology
Hence, option A is correct
The sentences that describe the discipline of the natural sciences are:
"It includes different sciences, such as biology, chemistry, and earth sciences.""With the help of toxicology, environmental scientists can study the toxic effects of chemicals on humans.""Chemistry contributes to environmental science through the study of chemicals and chemical processes, such as pollutants and the chemical characteristics of the environment.""Earth science helps in studying Earth, the oceans, and the atmosphere.""In addition, epidemiology, which is another prominent scientific field, guides environmental scientists to study diseases that affect human health."What are the natural sciencesThese sentences highlight different aspects of the natural sciences and their applications in understanding the environment, chemistry, Earth science, and epidemiology.
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Many of the color varieties of summer squash are determined by several interacting loci: AA or Aa gives white, aaBB or aaBb gives yellow, and aabb produces green. Crosses among heterozygotes give a 12:3:1 ratio. What type of gene interaction would account for these results?
Answer:
A. epistasis
Explanation:
Many of the color varieties of summer squash are determined by several interacting loci: AA or Aa gives white, aaBB or aaBb gives yellow, and aabb produces green. Crosses among heterozygotes give a 12:3:1 ratio. Epistasis is the type of gene interaction that would account for these results.
Final answer:
The gene interaction leading to color variations in summer squash is an example of dominant epistasis, where one gene's dominant allele masks the expression of another gene. Resulting from a cross of WwYy individuals, this interaction gives a phenotypic ratio of 12 white, 3 yellow, and 1 green squash.
Explanation:
The type of gene interaction that accounts for the color varieties in summer squash as a result of several interacting loci, namely the A and B loci, is known as epistasis. Specifically, this is an instance of a dominant epistatic interaction, where the presence of a dominant allele at one locus masks the expression of alleles at a second locus. If the W gene has at least one dominant allele (AA or Aa), the squash will be white, which masks the effects of the Y gene alleles. When the W gene is homozygous recessive (aa), the color of the squash is then determined by the Y gene. If the Y gene is homozygous dominant or heterozygous (BB or Bb), the squash will be yellow, while the homozygous recessive combination of both genes (aabb) will yield a green squash. A typical heterozygous cross of WwYy individuals would thus result in a phenotypic ratio of 12 white : 3 yellow : 1 green squash.
Genetic adaptation
a. occurs at the individual level throughout an individual’s lifetime.
b. occurs at the population level via natural selection.
c. involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
d. occurs at the individual level during childhood.
Answer:
b. occurs at the population level via natural selection
Explanation: Genetic adaptation can be described as the change or adjustment in structure or habits by which a species becomes better able to function in its environment, occurring through the course of evolution by means of natural selection.
An example of genetic adaptation at a population level is the encouragement of bipedalism in humans.
The degree of adaptation that can occur in a population is limited by the amount and kind of genetic variation in a population. If a population is suited to adapt and survie in its habitat it will undergo very little genetic adaptaction (prime example is the cockroach). If a population on the other hand is not able to adapt to its habitats´circumstances the popuation will undergo genetic variation in order to survive and ensure the continuation of the species. ( prime example are the birds Darwin studied in the Galapagos Islands)
Animals show anatomical adaptations—e.g., the body of the fish is suited to life in the water; the body of the bird is adapted for flight; and the land mammals show a wide variation in the structure of limbs and body that enables some to run swiftly, some to climb, some to swing from tree to tree, some to glide through the air, and others to jump.
Which of the following correctly matches the equilibrium receptor organs to the type of equilibrium it monitors?
a. maculae/dynamic
b. equilibrium maculae/static
c. equilibrium crista ampullaris/static
d. equilibrium saccule/dynamic equilibrium
Final answer:
The correct match for the equilibrium receptor organs to the type of equilibrium they monitor is maculae/dynamic. The maculae monitor dynamic equilibrium, while the crista ampullaris monitors static equilibrium. Option a is the correct match.
Explanation:
The correct match for the equilibrium receptor organs to the type of equilibrium they monitor is:
The maculae are receptor organs within the utricle and saccule that monitor dynamic equilibrium, which is the sense of linear acceleration and tilting of the head. The crista ampullaris within the semicircular canals monitors static equilibrium, which is the sense of head movement and rotation. Therefore, option a is the correct match.
An organism's genetic information is stored in polymers of which type of macromolecule?
A carbohydrate
B nucleic acid
C lipid
D protein
Answer:
B. Nucleic acid
Explanation:
DNA and RNA
Fenestrated capillaries ________.
A. are not common in endocrine organs and in areas where capillary absorption is an important function
B. are not more permeable than continuous capillaries
C. do not occur in the glomerular capillaries of the kidneys
D. are not found in the brain
Answer:
D. are not found in the brain
Explanation:
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. Their wall is made of a single layer of endothelial cells. Continuous capillaries have uninterrupted lining of endothelial cells. Only small molecules like water molecules and ions can pass through them. Fenestrated capillaries on the other hand have 60-80 nm diameter pores in endothelial cells. Some larger molecules like certain types of proteins can diffuse through them.
They are found in tissues which are engaged in extensive molecular exchange with blood like endocrine glands, kidney and small intestine because they are more permeable than continuous capillaries. They are not found in brain because molecular exchange needs to be highly regulated and restricted in brain. Brain has continuous capillaries which form the blood brain barrier.
The formation of a cell plate is beginning across the middle of a cell and nuclei are re-forming at opposite ends of the cell. What kind of cell is this?
a. a plant cell undergoing cytokinesis
b. an animal cell in metaphase
c. an animal cell in telophase
d. a plant cell in metaphase
e. an animal cell undergoing cytokinesis
Answer:
a. a plant cell undergoing cytokinesis
Explanation:
Cytokinesis is the process where the cytoplasm divides after mitosis to form two different daughter cells from the parent cell. Animal cell divides by just a cleavage formation. Plant cells have an additional step of formation of cell plate because they have cell wall.
At the end of anaphase and beginning of telophase when the two new daughter nuclei have just formed, cell plat formation begins. Secretory vesicles from golgi body come at equator of the dividing parent cell. These vesicles release all the materials required for cell wall formation. The materials start to form the cell plate which moves outwards till it reaches the division site of parent cell wall. Slowly cell wall arises from cell plate and cytokinesis occurs giving rise to new plant cells.
The cell described is a plant cell undergoing cytokinesis. Cytokinesis is the final step in the cell cycle, where the cell physically divides. The presence of a forming cell plate and reforming nuclei are indicative of this process.
Explanation:Plant Cell Undergoing CytokinesisThe description provided fits with a plant cell undergoing cytokinesis. Cytokinesis is the physical division of a cell at the end of the cell cycle. In the process, the cell forms a structure known as a cell plate across the middle. This cell plate eventually grows and fuses with the cell wall to form two separate cells.
In animal cells, this process looks different, since animal cells lack a cell wall. Instead of a cell plate, they form a cleavage furrow which pinches the cell into two. The fact that this question mentions the formation of a cell plate suggests that we're dealing with a plant cell.
That the nuclei are reforming also indicates that the cell is in the later stages of cell division, specifically telophase or cytokinesis. Therefore, the correct answer is (a. a plant cell undergoing cytokinesis).
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An echocardiogram reveals Charles, an ultramarathon runner, has an enlarged left ventricle. As this increase in ventricular size is supported by increased blood flow and ATP production due to the training Charles has undertaken, this increase in heart size demonstrates
Answer:
The correct answer would be - physiological hypertrophy.
Explanation:
Physiological hypertrophy of is a condition of the heart that occurs in return of the normal growth an individual such as an athlete like Charles who is a marathon runner in this case.
Left ventricle hypertrophy is a common type of hypertrophy that occurs in this condition in which the left ventricle of the heart increase in size temporary which arises in response to the exercise and function is done by muscles.
thus, the correct answer is - physiological hypertrophy.
Consider the following events of photosynthesis. 1. Light energy excites electrons. 2. Water molecules are split. 3. NADPH is formed. In which locations do each of these events occur? 1. photosystem II 2. photosystem I 3. photosystem I 1. photosystem II 2. photosystem II 3. photosystem I 1. photosystem I 2. photosystem I 3. photosystem II 1. photosystem I 2. photosystem II 3. photosystem II
Answer: Option B. 1. photosystem II 2. photosystem II 3. photosystem I
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food in the presence of light utilizing carbon dioxide and water. this process occurs in chloroplast which contains green pigments called chlorophyll.
Photosystem are defined as the cluster of chlorophyll pigments found on the thylakoid membrane ( in chloroplast) which functions to collect energy and concentrate it to reaction center which further uses the energy to excite electrons and pass on to enzymes.
Photosystem II absorbs light and energy which allows the excitation of electrons and creates an electron deficiency in Photosystem II. the deficiency filled by Z protein which contain manganese that stimulates splitting of two water molecules.
NADPH formation takes place in Photosystem I. Photosystem I accepts energy from light which excites an electron and passed on to an electron acceptor called FeS. FeS then passes its e- to Ferrodoxin which donates its electron to NADP+ reductase. NADP+ reductase donates electron to NADP+ and add a proton to form NADPH to get stabilized.
Hence, the correct option is B.
A transition from a squirrel to a monkey is seen easily by a. the transition of paws to hands with finger nails and position of the thumb b. the transition to bipedalism c. the tranisition of tails because primates do not have tails d. none of the above
Answer:
The correct answer is b. the transition to bipedalism
Explanation:
Bipedalism is the type of movement or locomotion in which any animal use their two legs to move. A squirrel do not have ability to do transition to bipedalism but hominids like monkey have the ability to walk and run on two legs. So this transition from squirrel to a monkey can easily be seen.
Bipedalism allow monkeys to use their arms for different purpose like hanging on trees, making or using tools, fighting, using their hands to communicate each other and show their emotions. Reports shows that bipedalism require less energy for locomotion showing their advantage.
What do glaciers deposit that helps scientists study ancient climates?
plants that produce pollen grains
rocks formed from lava
sediment that contains fossils
animals that migrate
Answer: C. Sediment that contains fossils
Explanation:
Answer:
Sediment that contains fossils are the glaciers deposit that helps scientists study ancient climates. Hence the answer is option C.
Explanation:
Glaciers are the big ice formed due to the cold weather in Arctic ocean and Antarctic ocean. These are the huge mass and very old in age. Some of them are 1000 years old. The animal which used to live at that time got trapped in The glacier and got preserved.
The body is a deposited in sediments. When the archaeologist search those glacier the sediments which contains fossils are found and they are helpful for determining the animals and their lifestyle which was extinct many years back.
Which factor is not a characteristic of a mineral? a variable chemical composition crystalline structure that forms a geometric shape naturally occurring, inorganic substance always a solid; never a liquid or a gas
Answer:
A, a variable chemical composition
Explanation:
K12 Test this was the answer here
A variable chemical composition is not a characteristic of a mineral, which has a pre-established chemical composition and currently has a crystal structure.
Minerals are natural substances of inorganic origin, generally solid, that have a defined chemical composition.
Some of its characteristics are:
It is found in nature, that is, it is not manufactured.It has a fixed geometric structure, therefore it is solid.It is inorganic in nature.It has a fixed chemical composition, although, at times, it may contain a polluting substance that modifies its color.Luster, hardness and toughness are some of its properties.Therefore, we can conclude that a variable chemical composition is not a characteristic of a mineral.
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QUESTION 3
HCl is the formula for _____.
A)the hydronium ion
B)hydrochloric acid
C)hydrogen peroxide
D)sodium hydroxide
Answer:
HCl is known as hydrochloric acid. Hence the answer is option B.
Explanation:
Hydrochloric acid is an example of strong acid. This can be completely dissociates into aqua solution. It is also the very common acid used in chemical reactions. It is formed by the fusion of hydrogen atom and chlorine atom. This is formed due to the single substitution of ions.
The molecule has lower value of PH which indicates it as a very strong acid. This add acid is also present in our stomach. This side also helps in proper digestion of food and preservation of the food inside the stomach and it also close all the bacteria which are harmful for the human body
Darwin studied actual birds on the Galapagos
Islands instead of using a simulation, as you did in
this lab. Studying natural selection in the field can
be challenging. List at least three possible
challenges Darwin might have faced.
Answer:
Natural selection was proposed by Darwin.
Explanation:
He stated that when the limiting factor exist then different species of organism have to compete with each other and the species that is able to survive the competition stays and adapt themselves according to the condition.
Darwin studies natural selection in birds of Galapagos island. He must have faced difficulties and they are: complex environment is difficult to study, it may take longer to study different generations of a population and the birds may be dependent on other species that also might have evolved.
You discover that the underlying cause of a disease is a protein that is now less stable than the non-disease-causing version of the protein. This change is most likely to be due to ________.
A. a mutation within a gene.
B. a mutation within the regulatory DNA of a gene.
C. gene duplication.
D. horizontal gene transfer.
Answer:
A. a mutation within a gene.
Explanation:
According to my research on studies conducted by geneticists, I can say that based on the information provided within the question that this change is most likely due to a mutation within a gene. Which is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, causing it to be very different than the normal gene.
I hope this answered your question. If you have any more questions feel free to ask away at Brainly.
Biosynthesis of many molecules in cells, and many modifications of macromolecules like proteins, RNA, and DNA require addition of single carbons. What is/are the major carrier/s of single carbons in cells?
a) S-adenosylmethionine
b) Acetyl CoA
c) Tetrahydrofolate
d) a and b
e) a and c
Answer:
The correct answer is option e) "a and c".
Explanation:
Single carbons are atoms needed for the biosynthesis of many molecules in cells, therefore the cells need a pathway to move group of atoms containing single carbons to make them available for the biosynthesis. S-adenosylmethionine and Tetrahydrofolate are two of the major carriers of single carbons in cells. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) acts as a methyl (-CH3) donor and Tetrahydrofolate (THF) as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions.
Lima, Peru, is a city on the shore of the eastern Pacific. During a La Niña, you would expect the weather to be A. Warmer, drier than normal B. Warmer, wetter than normal C. Cooler, drier than normal D. Cooler, wetter than normal
Answer:
C. Cooler, drier than normal.
Explanation:
La Niña is a climate phenomenon, the colder counterpart of El Niño, that is characterized by the production or appearance of unusual colder temperatures in the regions of the Pacific Ocean, leading to the weakening of the maritime and continental anticyclones, which are areas of low cloudiness and atmospheric pressures that lessen the storms. It provokes
According to NASA, the atmosphere cools because of the low sea surface temperature and causes less water to evaporate. This results in a cooler, denser, and drier air in the region of Peru on the shore of the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Final answer:
During a La Niña event in Lima, Peru, the weather is cooler and drier than normal due to the cooling effects of the eastern Pacific Ocean and stronger trade winds.
Explanation:
In Lima, Peru, during a La Niña event, you would expect the weather to be cooler, drier than normal. La Niña is characterized by cooler than normal ocean temperatures in the eastern Pacific, particularly off the coast of Peru, which results from stronger trade winds. These conditions lead to reduced evaporation and less rainfall, making the coastal areas of Peru drier. In contrast, El Niño conditions, which involve warmer ocean temperatures, lead to wetter weather due to increased evaporation and rainfall. As such, a La Niña typically has the opposite effect, thus the correct answer to the student's question is C. Cooler, drier than normal.
What do the four major groups of organic compounds all have in common?
A They all contain carbon.
B They all contain nitrogen.
C They all contain water.
D They all contain carbon dioxide.
Answer:
A. They all contain carbon.
Explanation:
CHO,CHO,CHON, CHONPcarbohydrates- Carbon,Hydrogen, Oxygen 1:2:1
Lipids- Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Protein- Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and nitrogen
Nucleic Acid- Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous
All four major groups of organic compounds - carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids - contain carbon.
Explanation:The four major groups of organic compounds, which are carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, all have one thing in common - they all contain carbon. This is because organic compounds are defined by their carbon-based structures. Carbon atoms are unique because they can form stable bonds with many elements, including themselves, which allows for the complex structures of organic compounds. Therefore, the answer is A - all major groups of organic compounds contain carbon.
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Mendel’s Principle of Segregation states that the alleles of a gene will separate from one another during the formation of gametes. Consider the genotype Aa. How many different types of gametes will this individual produce?
Answer:
Two
Explanation:
When alleles pass through segregation hey get ripped apart from it's homologous to produce mono allele gametes.
To create a new organism, that mono allele gamete will associate with another mono allele gamete to greate a full cell.
In this case, if your complete cell has both alleles A, and a.
Could produce two single allele cells A or a.
An individual with genotype Aa will produce two types of gametes according to Mendel's Principle of Segregation. They are either 'A' or 'a', each representing one allele of the gene.
Explanation:According to Mendel’s Principle of Segregation, genotype Aa will make two different types of gametes during sexual reproduction.
These gametes have one of each allele for the gene, because the alleles separate during meiosis, the process that forms gametes. So, an individual with the Aa genotype will produce two types of gametes: one with the 'A' allele and one with the 'a' allele. This is due to the independent segregation of alleles for each gene during gamete formation.
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A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will shrink in a process called crenation. A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will swell and potentially burst in a process called hemolysis.
True / False.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
This process is called Chemiosmotic Theory.
Two different solutions with a semi-permeable barrier (it allows to pass throw just water or solute, not both) will try to get into equilibrium.
Then, if you allows to pass just water though the barrier, it will go from the solution with less solute to the solution with more solute, in order to reach the solution equilibrium.
Which sentence best describes the function of nucleic acids?
1.They store extra organic compounds.
2.They store energy for later use by the body.
3. They carry information for building and maintaining structures.
4.They provide energy to cells.
Paul Templet describes the process of eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico. According to Templet, which of the following initiates the process?
a. Phytoplankton feed on nutrients, which creates plankton blooms.
b. Decaying marine organisms consume dissolved oxygen in the water.
c. Farm run-off carrying nutrients from nitrogen fertilizer washes to the ocean.
d. Plankton blooms cause a decrease in dissolved oxygen in the water.
Answer:
Farm run-off carrying nutrients from nitrogen fertilizer washes to the ocean.
Explanation:
When any water body becomes heavily enriched with minerals and nutrients such that it induces excessive growth of algae on the water body then such a process is known as eutrophication. The Gulf of Mexico is facing the problem of eutrophication due to the farm practices that are contributing to the formation of a dead zone in the Gulf. Farm run-off that carries nitrogen fertilizers into the ocean contributes to the excess of nutrients into the water body and cause depletion of dissolved oxygen in the water body.A scientist wishes to test a new antibiotic's ability to treat stubborn bacterial infections. He tests his hypothesis that the antibiotic works better than existing treatments by giving bacterial infections to mice and treating them with the antibiotic. He then determines how many of the mice recover from their infections. What is missing from his experimental design? :a. He is missing a control group of mice that received a half dose of the new antibiotic.b. He is missing a control group of mice that did not receive the new antibiotic.c. Nothing is missing he has done everything he needs to do for this to be a successful experiment
Answer:
b. He is missing a control group of mice that did not receive the new antibiotic.
Explanation:
He only has data that the antibiotic works, but not that it is more effective than existing treatments.
The correct answer is B. He is missing a control group of mice that did not receive the new antibiotic.
Explanation:
To test a hypothesis effectively especially if the scientist is manipulating or introducing one variable it is necessary to use one control and one experimental group. This means, in the case presented as the scientist is giving antibiotics to test their effectiveness to treat bacterial infections, he needs to include an experiment group which are the mice that had bacterial infections and are treated with the antibiotic and a control group that are mice that do not receive the antibiotic as without this the scientists might not know the real effect of the antibiotics. This means, in this case, he is missing the control group (Option B).
In 1861, Pasteur conducted his now-famous experiments using flasks with long necks bent into an S-shape. Imagine that you are a scientist working in Pasteur’s lab at this time. You decide to tip the flasks so that broth enters the long S-shaped neck. You then return the flask to its upright position. Predict the most likely outcome of tipping one of Pasteur’s S-necked flasks.
Microbes would grow in the broth because the tipping would introduce the oxygen necessary for microbial growth.
The broth would become contaminated with microbes because they were trapped in the neck.
Since the broth had been heated (effectively sterilizing it), no microbes would grow in the broth.
The broth would remain uncontaminated because no microbes could enter the long S-shaped neck of the flask.
Answer:
The broth would become contaminated with microbes because they were trapped in the neck.
Explanation:
When Pasteur heat the bottles, he made them sterilizing, and as the water was condensed in one part of the S neck, it will act as a sealing mouth, so in this way no microorganism could enter. But at the same time is open at the end, so in this way, the air with microorganism could enter, an pollute the water in the middle. The clue here is that this polluted water is not in contact with the broth. If the flask is tip, the broth and the water will be in touch, in this way it will pollute the broth and microbes will grow.
Tipping a Pasteur swan-necked flask would likely lead to contamination of the sterile broth as trapped microbes in the neck would be introduced to the broth, highlighting that microorganisms come from other microorganisms, not spontaneously.
Explanation:In 1861, Louis Pasteur conducted experiments with S-shaped flasks that refuted the spontaneous generation theory. If you were to tip one of Pasteur’s swan-necked flasks so that the sterile broth enters the long S-shaped neck and then returned the flask to its upright position, the most likely outcome would be that the broth would become contaminated with microbes because they were trapped in the neck. The bending of the flask's neck was designed to trap airborne microorganisms and prevent them from entering the flask. Thus, tipping it would allow those trapped microbes to access the broth.
Initially, Pasteur’s experimental design used the unique shape of the flask's neck to allow air but prevent microbes from reaching the broth. When the swan neck was intact, even with the access to air, the broth remained sterile for months. However, as soon as the swan neck was broken, the broth quickly became turbid due to microbial growth, showing that microorganisms do not arise spontaneously but come from other microorganisms.