Answer:
The answer is A. Newton's First law
Explanation:
Newton's First Law states that an object will stay at rest if it's at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless another object comes.
Hope this helps : )
The relations among the forces acting on a body and the motion of the body is first formulated by physicist Isaac Newton. An object which is at rest resume at rest whereas an object in motion carry on with motion is given by Newton's First Law. The correct option is A.
What is Newton's First Law?The Newton's First Law is also called the Law of inertia which states that if a body at rest or moving at a constant speed, it will remain at rest or keep its motion in a straight line unless it is acted upon by a force.
As long as the forces are not unbalanced, which means as long as the forces are balanced, the first law of motion is obeyed. When we shake the branch of a mango tree, the mangoes fall, which is an example of the inertia of rest.
During the breaking of a bus or train immediately, the passengers who are sitting lean forward. This denotes the inertia of motion.
Thus the correct option is A.
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When aluminum is placed in concentrated hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas is produced. 2 Al ( s ) + 6 HCl ( aq ) ⟶ 2 AlCl 3 ( aq ) + 3 H 2 ( g ) What volume of H 2 ( g ) is produced when 3.60 g Al ( s ) reacts at STP?
When 3.60 g of aluminum reacts with hydrochloric acid at STP, approximately 4.48 liters of hydrogen gas is produced. This is calculated using stoichiometry and the conditions of STP, which state that one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters.
Explanation:To calculate the volume of hydrogen gas produced when 3.60 g of Al reacts with hydrochloric acid, stoichiometry and the concept of Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) can be used. Firstly, we need the molar mass of Al, which is approximately 26.98 g/mol. The number of moles of Al in 3.60 g can be calculated by dividing the mass by the molar mass. This gives us approximately 0.133 mol of Al. From the balanced chemical equation, we know that every 2 moles of Al produces 3 moles of H2, so 0.133 mol of Al would produce approximately 0.200 mol of H2.
As per the conditions of STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), one mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters. Therefore, 0.200 mol of H2 would occupy a volume of 0.200 * 22.4 L, which approximates to 4.48 L. So, when 3.60 g of aluminum reacts with hydrochloric acid under the conditions of STP, roughly 4.48 liters of hydrogen gas would be produced.
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help!! please!! 30 points and i will give brainliest!
Answer:
CaCl2
The charge can be +3 or +2
Explanation:
It takes two atoms of chloride and 1 atom of calcium to make this compound
Answer: chemical formula is CaCl2.
CaCl2------> Ca^2+ + Cl^-1
Explanation:
+2 for calcium ion and -1 for the chlorine ion.
For K2Cr2O7
The oxidation state of chromium=
(+1×2) + 2x + (-2×7) = 0
+2+2x-14= 0
2x= 12
x= 12/2
x=+6.
Therefore, the oxidation number of Chromium, Cr in K2CrO7 is +6
Carbon dating requires that the object being tested contain
Answer:
Organic Material
Explanation:
Carbon Dating is the process in which the age of a piece of organic matter is determined by the proportions of carbon isotopes it contains.
Carbon dating requires that the object being tested contains carbon-14 (14C) isotopes.
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon that is present in the Earth's atmosphere in small amounts. Living organisms, including plants and animals, take in carbon-14 through the process of photosynthesis or by consuming other organisms.
Once an organism dies, it no longer takes in carbon-14, and the concentration of carbon-14 in its remains gradually decreases over time due to radioactive decay.
By measuring the remaining amount of carbon-14 in a sample, scientists can determine the age of an object or organism.
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7.66 Write balanced equations for the following reactions: (a) potassium oxide with water, (b) diphosphorus trioxide with water, (c) chromium(III) oxide with dilute hydrochloric acid, (d) selenium dioxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide
The balanced chemical equations for the reactions are
(a) K₂O + H₂O → 2KOH
(b) P₂O₃ + 3H₂O → 2H₃PO₃
(c) Cr₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2CrCl₃ + 3H₂O
(d) SeO₂ + 2KOH → K₂SeO₃ + H₂O
From the question
We are to write a balanced equations for the given reactions
For (a)The reaction between potassium oxide and water gives potassium hydroxide
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between potassium oxide and water is
K₂O + H₂O → 2KOH
For (b)The reaction between diphosphorus trioxide with water gives phosphorous acid
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between diphosphorus trioxide with water is
P₂O₃ + 3H₂O → 2H₃PO₃
For (c)The reaction between chromium(III) oxide with dilute hydrochloric acid produces chromium(II) chloride and water
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between chromium(III) oxide with dilute hydrochloric acid is
Cr₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2CrCl₃ + 3H₂O
For (d)The reaction between selenium dioxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide gives potassium selenite and water
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between selenium dioxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide
SeO₂ + 2KOH → K₂SeO₃ + H₂O
Hence, the balanced chemical equations for the reactions are
(a) K₂O + H₂O → 2KOH
(b) P₂O₃ + 3H₂O → 2H₃PO₃
(c) Cr₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2CrCl₃ + 3H₂O
(d) SeO₂ + 2KOH → K₂SeO₃ + H₂O
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A balanced reaction equation contains the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the reaction equation.
To write a balanced chemical reaction equation, the number of atoms of each element on the right hand side must be the same as the number of atoms of the same element on the left hand side.
For the reaction between potassium oxide with water; K2O + H2O ----> 2KOHFor reaction between diphosphorus trioxide with water; P2O5 + 3 H2O → 2 H3PO4For the reaction between chromium(III) oxide with dilute hydrochloric acid; Cr2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 CrCl3 + 3 H2OFor the reaction between selenium dioxide with aqueous potassium hydroxide; SeO2 + 2KOH ------> K2SeO3 + H2OLearn more: https://brainly.com/question/11969651
A 0.158 g sample of magnesium metal reacts completely with 100.0 mL of 1.0 M hydrochloric acid in a coffee cup calorimeter. The temperature of the solution rose from 25.6°C to 32.8°C. What is ∆Hrxn? Assume the specific heat of the solution is 4.184 J/mol-K and the density is 1.0 g/mL.
Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
mass = 0.158 g, volume = 100 ml
Molarity = 1.0 M, [tex]\Delta T[/tex] = [tex](32.8 - 25.6)^{o}C = 7.2^{o}C[/tex]
The given reaction is as follows.
[tex]Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow MgCl_{2}(aq) + H_{2}(g)[/tex]
So, moles of magnesium will be calculated as follows.
No. of moles = [tex]\frac{mass}{\text{molar mass}}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{0.158 g}{24.305 g/mol}[/tex]
= [tex]6.5 \times 10^{-3}[/tex]
= 0.0065 mol
Now, formula for heat released is as follows.
Q = [tex]m \times C \times \Delta T[/tex]
= [tex]\text{volume} \times \text{density} \times C \times \Delta T[/tex]
= [tex]100 ml \times 1.0 g/ml \times 4.184 \times 7.2^{o}C[/tex]
= 3010.32 J
Hence, heat of reaction will be calculated as follows.
[tex]\Delta H_{rxn} = \frac{\text{-heat released}}{\text{moles of Mg}}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{3010.32 J}{0.0065 mol}[/tex]
= -4.63 J/mol
or, = [tex]-463 \times 10^{-5} kJ/mol[/tex] (as 1 kJ = 1000 J)
Thus, we can conclude that heat of given reaction is [tex]-463 \times 10^{-5}[/tex] kJ/mol.
Determine the bond order from the molecular electron configurations. ( σ 1 s ) 2 ( σ 1 s * ) 2 ( σ 2 s ) 2 ( σ 2 s * ) 2 ( σ 2 p ) 2 ( π 2 p ) 4 ( π 2 p * ) 2 bond order: ( σ 1 s ) 2 ( σ 1 s * ) 2 ( σ 2 s ) 2 bond order:
Explanation:
The bond order is defined as number of electron pairs present in a bond of the two atoms.
The formula of bond order is given by:
= [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times (\text{Number of bonding electrons}-\text{Number of anti-bonding electrons})[/tex]
1) [tex](\sigma 1 s )^2 ( \sigma 1 s*)^2 (\sigma 2s )^2 ( \sigma 2 s*)^2 ( \sigma 2 p )^2 ( \pi2 p )^4 (\pi 2 p *)^2 [/tex]
Number of bonding electrons = 10
Number of anti-bonding electrons = 6
The bond order : [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times (10-6)=2[/tex]
2) [tex]( \sigma 1 s )^2 ( \sigma 1 s * )^2 ( \sigma 2 s )^2[/tex]
Number of bonding electrons = 4
Number of anti-bonding electrons = 2
The bond order : [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times (4-2)=1[/tex]
The bond order can be determined from the molecular electron configurations by counting the number of bonding and antibonding electrons and calculating the bond order as (number of bonding electrons - number of antibonding electrons)/2.
Explanation:The bond order can be determined from the molecular electron configurations. In this case, the electron configuration given is ( σ 1 s ) 2 ( σ 1 s * ) 2 ( σ 2 s ) 2 ( σ 2 s * ) 2 ( σ 2 p ) 2 ( π 2 p ) 4 ( π 2 p * ) 2. We need to count the number of bonding and antibonding electrons to calculate the bond order. The number of bonding electrons is the sum of the electrons in all the bonding molecular orbitals. In contrast, the number of antibonding electrons is the sum of the electrons in all the antibonding molecular orbitals. The bond order is then calculated as (number of bonding electrons - number of antibonding electrons)/2. In this case, the bond order is (2+2+2+4-2)/2 = 4/2 = 2, indicating a double bond.
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If the volume of wet gas collected over water is 85.0 mL at 20°C and 760 mm Hg , what is the volume of dry gas at STP conditions? (The vapor pressure of water at 20°C is 17.5 mm Hg.) Express your answer with the appropriate units.
Answer: 77.4 mL
Explanation:
Combined gas law is the combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Gay-Lussac's law.
The combined gas equation is:
[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
where,
[tex]P_1[/tex] = initial pressure of dry gas = (760 - 17.5) mmHg= 742.5 mm Hg
[tex]P_2[/tex] = final pressure of dry gas at STP = 760 mm Hg
[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of dry gas = 85.0 mL
[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of dry gas at STP = ?
[tex]T_1[/tex] = initial temperature of dry gas = [tex]20^oC=273+20=293K[/tex]
[tex]T_2[/tex] = final temperature of dry gas at STP = [tex]0^oC=273+0=273K[/tex]
Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get the final volume of wet gas at STP
[tex]\frac{742.5mmHg\times 85.0ml}{293K}=\frac{760mmHg\times V_2}{273K}[/tex]
[tex]V_2=77.4mL[/tex]
Volume of dry gas at STP is 77.4 mL.
How many grams of lead(II) nitrate must be dissolved in 1.00 L of water to produce a solution that is 0.300 M in total dissolved ions?
Answer:
A solution that is 0.100 M (i.e. 33,12 g of lead (II) nitrate in 1.00 L of water) yields the desired total dissolved ions concentration.
Explanation:
The molecular formula of lead (II) nitrate is Pb(NO[tex]Pb(NO_{3} )_{2}[/tex] and its molecular mass is 331,2 g/mol.
In disolution, the equilibrium will look like this:
Pb(NO[tex]Pb(NO_{3} )_{2}[/tex] -> [tex]Pb^{2+} + 2(NO)_{3} ^{-1}[/tex]
The equation above means that, one mol of lead (II) nitrate dissolved in 1L will yield one mol of Pb ions and 2 moles of NO3 ions, i.e. 3 moles total.
If we dissolve 0.100 moles of lead (II) nitrate in 1.00 L of water, the stoichiometry of the disolution states that in turn, it will yield 0.100 of Pb ions and 0.200 moles of NO3 ions, i.e. 0.300 M in total dissolved ions.
331,2 g/mol * 0.100 mol/L * 1 L = 33,12 grams of the compound are required.
Acetylene gas, C2H2, can be produced by the reaction of calcium carbide and water. CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l) --> C2H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) How many liters of acetylene at 742 mm Hg and 26C can be produced from 2.54 g CaC2(s)?
Answer:
1.0 L
Explanation:
Given that:-
Mass of [tex]CaC_2[/tex] = [tex]2.54\ g[/tex]
Molar mass of [tex]CaC_2[/tex] = 64.099 g/mol
The formula for the calculation of moles is shown below:
[tex]moles = \frac{Mass\ taken}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]
Thus,
[tex]Moles= \frac{2.54\ g}{64.099\ g/mol}[/tex]
[tex]Moles_{CaC_2}= 0.0396\ mol[/tex]
According to the given reaction:-
[tex]CaC_2_{(s)} + 2H_2O_{(l)}\rightarrow C_2H_2_{(g)} + Ca(OH)_2_{(aq)}[/tex]
1 mole of [tex]CaC_2[/tex] on reaction forms 1 mole of [tex]C_2H_2[/tex]
0.0396 mole of [tex]CaC_2[/tex] on reaction forms 0.0396 mole of [tex]C_2H_2[/tex]
Moles of [tex]C_2H_2[/tex] = 0.0396 moles
Considering ideal gas equation as:-
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
where,
P = pressure of the gas = 742 mmHg
V = Volume of the gas = ?
T = Temperature of the gas = [tex]26^oC=[26+273]K=299K[/tex]
R = Gas constant = [tex]62.3637\text{ L.mmHg }mol^{-1}K^{-1}[/tex]
n = number of moles = 0.0396 moles
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]742mmHg\times V=0.0396 mole\times 62.3637\text{ L.mmHg }mol^{-1}K^{-1}\times 299K\\\\V=\frac{0.0396\times 62.3637\times 299}{742}\ L=1.0\ L[/tex]
1.0 L of acetylene can be produced from 2.54 g [tex]CaC_2[/tex].
About 1 liter of acetylene gas can be produced from 2.54 g of calcium carbide under the given conditions of 742 mmHg and 26C.
Explanation:The question requires you to calculate the volume of acetylene gas produced from a known amount of calcium carbide using the given reaction under specified conditions. To answer this, we need to use the principles of stoichiometry combined with the ideal gas law. First, we need to convert the mass of CaC2 to moles because stoichiometry deals with mole ratios. The molar mass of CaC2 is around 64.1 g/mol so 2.54 g of CaC2 is around 0.04 moles. From the balanced equation, we can see that one mole of CaC2 produces one mole of C2H2. Therefore we also have 0.04 moles of acetylene gas produced.
Next, we use the ideal gas law (PV=nRT) to find the volume of acetylene gas produced. Here P is pressure, V is volume, n is the moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature. The pressure should be in atmospheres, so we convert 742 mmHg to around 0.97 atm. The temperature should be in kelvin, so we convert 26C to around 299K. The value for R is 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K.
Plugging in our values into the equation gives (0.97 atm x V) = (0.04 mol x 0.0821 L x atm/mol x K x 299K). Solving for V gives approximately 0.983 L or about 1 liter of acetylene gas under these conditions.
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in the reaction a + b -> c the following information applies. at the beginning of the reaction there was 1.0 mol of chemical a and 0.5 mol of chemical c was recovered. what are the limiting reagent, the theoretical yield, and the percent yield for this reaction
A 100-W lightbulb is placed in a cylinder equipped with a moveable piston. The lightbulb is turned on for 0.020 h, and the assembly expands from an initial volume of 0.90 L to a final volume of 5.88 L against an external pressure of 1.0 atm. calculate work done
Answer: The workdone W = 505J
Explanation:
Applying the pressure-volume relationship
W= - PΔV
Where negative sign indicates the power is being delivered to the surrounding
W = - 1.0atm * ( 5.88 - 0.9)L
= - 1.0atm * (4.98)
W = -4.98 atmL
Converting to Joules
1atmL = 101.325J
-4.98atmL = x joules.
Work done in J = -4.98 * 101.325
W= -505J
Therefore the workdone is -505J
What is the volume of 1.56 kg of a compound whose molar mass is 81.86 g/mole and whose density is 41.2 g/ml?
Answer:
v = 37.9 ml
Explanation:
Given data:
Mass of compound = 1.56 kg
Density = 41.2 g/ml
Volume of compound = ?
Solution:
First of all we will convert the mass into g.
1.56 ×1000 = 1560 g
Formula:
D=m/v
D= density
m=mass
V=volume
v = m/d
v = 1560 g / 41.2 g/ml
v = 37.9 ml
The volume of the compound is 37.86 mL.
What is volume?Volume is the capacity of an object.
To calculate the volume of the compound, we use the formula below.
Formula:
D = m/v............. Equation 1Where:
D = Density of the compoundm = mass of the compoundv = Volume of the compoundmake v the subject of the equation
v = m/D.............. Equation 2From the question,
Given:
m = 1.56 kg = 1560 gD = 41.2 g/mlSubstitute these values into equation 2
v = 1560/41.2v = 37.86 mL.Hence, the volume of the compound is 37.86 mL.
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The fundamental force underlying all chemical reactions is
Answer:
Electromagnetic Force
Explanation:
Every aspect of chemical reaction is the output of electromagnetic force though the forces can take on many forms because of the quantum wave nature of particles.
The electromagnetic force has the ability to attract opposite charges such as protons and electrons and it repels same charges such as electrons and protons.
This force is an important force in the chemical reaction as it it is responsible for bonding between atoms. Though other forces are unique in their own way but they don't affect chemical reaction. Force of gravity is not strong enough to affect chemical reactions; when nuclear forces are involved in a reaction, such reaction is a nuclear reactor; not chemical reaction.
One of the roles of the electromagnetic force in chemical reaction is that it holds the electrons that are in the outer orbit around the nucleus; this, in the long run creates bonds with other chemical elements to create a visible matter.
The electromagnetic force is the principal force underlying all chemical reactions. It governs the interactions between charged particles in atoms and molecules, leading to the formation and breaking of chemical bonds.
Explanation:The fundamental force underlying all chemical reactions is the electromagnetic force. This force is responsible for the interactions between charged particles which make up atoms and molecules. For example, in a chemical reaction, atoms or molecules rearrange to create new substances. This rearrangement involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, which are effectively governed by electromagnetic forces. This is due to the fact that electrons (which are negatively charged) are attracted to the nuclei of atoms (which are positively charged) which encourages them to stay within certain regions of space (creating what we know as chemical bonds).
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Although coal is a complex mixture of substances, its elemental composition can be approximated by the formula C135H96O9NS. Using this chemical formula, calculate the percentage, by mass, of carbon (C) in coal.
Answer:
85%
Explanation:
Firstly, we will need to calculate the molar mass of the molecule. We simply use the atomic masses of each of the elements. The atomic masses are as follows:
C = 12
H = 1
O = 16
N = 14
S = 1
All units are in a.m.u
The molecular mass is thus:
(135 × 12) + (96 × 1) + (16 × 9) + 14 + 32 = 1906g/mol
The percentage by mass of carbon = (135 × 12)/1906 × 100% = 85%
Final answer:
The percentage by mass of carbon (C) in coal, given the formula C135H96O9NS, is approximately 84.97%.
Explanation:
To calculate the percentage by mass of carbon (C) in coal using the approximate formula C135H96O9NS, we first need to determine the molar mass of the entire compound, and then compare it to the mass of just the carbon atoms within the compound. The atomic masses for C, H, O, N, and S are roughly 12.01 g/mol, 1.008 g/mol, 16.00 g/mol, 14.01 g/mol, and 32.07 g/mol, respectively.
To find the molar mass of C135H96O9NS:
C: 135 atoms × 12.01 g/mol = 1621.35 g/mol
H: 96 atoms × 1.008 g/mol = 96.768 g/mol
O: 9 atoms × 16.00 g/mol = 144.00 g/mol
N: 1 atom × 14.01 g/mol = 14.01 g/mol
S: 1 atom × 32.07 g/mol = 32.07 g/mol
The total molar mass of the coal formula is therefore 1621.35 + 96.768 + 144.00 + 14.01 + 32.07 = 1908.198 g/mol.
To calculate the percentage of carbon in the compound:
Percentage of C = (Mass of C / Molar mass of compound) × 100
Percentage of C = (1621.35 g/mol / 1908.198 g/mol) × 100 ≈ 84.97%
Therefore, the percentage by mass of carbon in coal for this given formula is approximately 84.97%.
Match the following items. 1 . gas low energy 2 . solid matter is continuously in motion 3 . Kinetic Molecular Theory rapid, random motion 4 . Boyle's Law relates pressure and volume 5 . Charles's Law relates volume and temperature
Explanation:
As molecules in a solid substance are placed closer to each other because of existence of strong forces of attraction. So, these molecules are unable to move randomly but they are able to vibrate at their mean position.Hence, molecules of a solid have low energy.
In gases, molecules are held by weak intermolecular forces. So, they are able to move randomly from one place to another. Hence, they have high kinetic energy.According to Kinetic Molecular Theory, molecules of a gas are always in constant motion and they tend to exhibit a perfect elastic collision.This means that in kinetic molecular theory molecules of a gas are in rapid, random motion.
Boyle's Law states that pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas at constant temperature and number of moles.[tex]P\propto \frac{1}{V}[/tex] (at constant temperature and number of moles)
Charles' Law states that volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure and number of moles.[tex]V\propto T[/tex] (at constant pressure and number of moles)
Thus, we can conclude that the given items are matched as follows.
1. gas - continuously in motion.
2. solid matter - low energy.
3. Kinetic Molecular Theory - rapid, random motion.
4. Boyle's Law - relates pressure and volume.
5. Charles's Law - relates volume and temperature.
how many grams of silver chromate will precipitate when 150 ml of 0.500 M silver nitrate are added to 100 mL of 0.400 M potassium chromate
When 150 ml of 0.500 M silver nitrate are added to 100 mL of 0.400 M potassium chromate, a silver chromate precipitate forms. Considering the stoichiometry of the reaction and the quantities of reactants, 24.88 grams of silver chromate will precipitate.
Explanation:The subject of this question is based on precipitation reactions in Chemistry. Precipitation reactions occur when two solutions combine to form an insoluble solid known as a precipitate. The moles of silver nitrate present in a 150 mL of 0.500 M solution can be calculated using the formula Molarity = Moles ÷ Volume (in Litres).
Thus, Moles of AgNO3 = 0.500 M * 0.15 L = 0.075 mol AgNO3. According to the reaction equation 2AgNO3 + K2CrO4 → 2AgCrO4(precipitate) + 2KNO3, for every mole of K2CrO4, we have two moles of AgNO3. Thus, based on stoichiometry and the given quantities of the reactants, the limiting reactant will be AgNO3, and it will totally react and form the silver chromate precipitate. The moles of Ag2CrO4 formed would therefore also be 0.075 mol. To convert this into grams, we use the molar mass of Ag2CrO4, which is approximately 331.73 g/mol. Hence, grams of Ag2CrO4 = 0.075 mol Ag2CrO4 * 331.73 g/mol = 24.88 g Ag2CrO4.
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The visible spectrum for a colored solution has a maximum absorbances around both 440 nm and around 600 nm and a minimum absorbance between 510 and 540 nm. What is the color of the solution?
Answer:
Green
Explanation:
In the visible spectrum, which ranges from around 400-700 nm wavelength, the lower wavelength corresponds to the violet side of rainbow spectrum and, high wavelength corresponds to red side. As our solution absorbs highly at around 440 and 600 nm, it means that violet side and red side of the spectrum should be absorbed and would not be visible. the lowest absorbance at around 520 nm corresponds to green color, and therefore, it should be the colour visible from the solution
The solution would appear yellow-green in color due to the maximum and minimum absorbances observed in the visible spectrum.
Explanation:The solution would appear yellow-green in color. The visible spectrum ranges from approximately 400 nm (violet) to 750 nm (red) with different colors corresponding to specific wavelengths. In this case, the maximum absorbances around 440 nm and 600 nm, and the minimum absorbance between 510 and 540 nm would indicate that the solution primarily absorbs light in the blue and red regions, resulting in the complementary color of yellow-green being observed.
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In a 1-L beaker, 213 mL of 0.345 M ammonium chromate was mixed with 107 mL of 0.227 M chromium(III) nitrite to produce ammonium nitrite and chromium(III) chromate. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction occurring here. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Use the pull-down boxes to specify states such as (aq) or (s). If a box is not needed, leave it blank.)
Answer:
3(NH₄)₂CrO₄ (aq) + 2Cr(NO₂)₃ (aq) → 6NH₄NO₂ (aq)+ Cr₂(CrO₄)₃ (aq)
Explanation:
Calcium ions, barium ions, and magnesium ions all have two positive charges. What could explain the differences in the way each reacted with a sodium hydroxide solution?
C3.
Tes
Example 8
Name each ionic compound.
CaCl2
AlF3
Co2O3
Solution
Using the names of the ions, this ionic compound is named calcium chloride. It is not calcium(II) chloride because calcium forms only one cation when it forms an ion, and it has a characteristic charge of 2+.
The name of this ionic compound is aluminum fluoride.
We know that cobalt can have more than one possible charge; we just need to determine what it is. Oxide always has a 2− charge, so with three oxide ions, we have a total negative charge of 6−. This means that the two cobalt ions have to contribute 6+, which for two cobalt ions means that each one is 3+. Therefore, the proper name for this ionic compound is cobalt(III) oxide.
Test Yourself
Name each ionic compound.
Sc2O3
AgCl
Answers
scandium oxide
silver chloride
How do you know whether a formula—and by extension, a name—is for a molecular compound or for an ionic compound? Molecular compounds form between nonmetals and nonmetals, while ionic compounds form between metals and nonmetals. The periodic table (Figure 3.2 “A Simple Periodic Table”) can be used to determine which elements are metals and nonmetals.
There also exists a group of ions that contain more than one atom. These are called polyatomic ions. Table 3.7 “Common Polyatomic Ions” lists the formulas, charges, and names of some common polyatomic ions. Only one of them, the ammonium ion, is a cation; the rest are anions. Most of them also contain oxygen atoms, so sometimes they are referred to as oxyanions. Some of them, such as nitrate and nitrite, and sulfate and sulfite, have very similar formulas and names, so care must be taken to get the formulas and names correct. Note that the -ite polyatomic ion has one less oxygen atom in its formula than the -ate ion but with the same ionic charge.
Table 3.7 Common Polyatomic Ions
Name Formula and Charge Name Formula and Charge
ammonium NH4+ hydroxide OH−
acetate C2H3O2−, or CH3COO− nitrate NO3−
bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate) HCO3− nitrite NO2−
bisulfate (hydrogen sulfate) HSO4− peroxide O22−
carbonate CO32− perchlorate ClO4−
chlorate ClO3− phosphate PO43−
chromate CrO42− sulfate SO42−
cyanide CN− sulfite SO32−
dichromate Cr2O72− triiodide I3−
The naming of ionic compounds that contain polyatomic ions follows the same rules as the naming for other ionic compounds: simply combine the name of the cation and the name of the anion. Do not use numerical prefixes in the name if there is more than one polyatomic ion; the only exception to this is if the name of the ion itself contains a numerical prefix, such as dichromate or triiodide.
Writing the formulas of ionic compounds has one important difference. If more than one polyatomic ion is needed to balance the overall charge in the formula, enclose the formula of the polyatomic ion in parentheses and write the proper numerical subscript to the right and outside the parentheses. Thus, the formula between calcium ions, Ca2+, and nitrate ions, NO3−, is properly written Ca(NO3)2, not CaNO32 or CaN2O6. Use parentheses where required. The name of this ionic compound is simply calcium nitrate. Write the proper formula and give the proper name for each ionic compound formed between the two listed ions. cause the ammonium ion has a 1+ charge and the sulfide ion has a 2− charge, we need two ammonium ions to balance the charge on a single sulfide ion. Enclosing the formula for the ammonium ion in parentheses, we have (NH4)2S. The compound’s name is ammonium sulfide.
Because the ions have the same magnitude of charge, we need only one of each to balance the charges. The formula is AlPO4, and the name of the compound is aluminum phosphate.
Neither charge is an exact multiple of the other, so we have to go to the least common multiple of 6. To get 6+, we need three iron(II) ions, and to get 6−, we need two phosphate ions. The proper formula is Fe3(PO4)2, and the compound’s name is iron(II) phosphate.
Test Yourself
Write the proper formula and give the proper name for e
Answer: check explanation.
Explanation:
The three elements/metals, that is Calcium, Barium and Magnesium all belongs to group 2A on the periodic table. Other elements/metals of group 2A in the periodic table are; Beryllium, Strontium and Radium.
As one go down the group, the atomic radius increases from Magnesium to Barium(this is because of the increase in number of shells of electrons). And, as one go down the group the first ionization energy decreases.Because of this decease in ionization energy it makes it easier for the valence electrons to be removed and thus, REACTIVITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUP.
Ca^2+ + 2OH^- --------> Ca(OH)2.
Mg^2+ + 2OH^- ---------> Mg(OH)2.
PS: The Na^+ is a spectator ion.
By titration, it is found that 81.1 mL of 0.117 M NaOH ( aq ) is needed to neutralize 25.0 mL of HCl ( aq ) . Calculate the concentration of the HCl solution.
Explanation:
mole ratio of base to acid is 1:1 hence same moles of NaOH required to neutralize HCl
According to Newton�s first law of motion, if there is no net force (unbalanced forces) acting on an object that is moving at a constant 30 mph, the object will:
Continue to move at 30 mph
Eventually come to a stop
Change its inertia
Accelerate
According to Newton’s first law of motion,if there is no net force acting on an object that is moving at a constant 30 mph speed, the object will continue to move at 30 mph.
Option a
Explanation:"Newton's first law of motion" states that an object at a stationary position or an object moving at a constant velocity continues its state of rest or of motion unless it is acted upon by an "external unbalanced resisting force".
Since the net force acting on this object is zero; the absence of any kind of force (neither internal nor external) is observed and hence the motion at constant 30 mph velocity will continue until it is resisted.
Consider a reaction that has a positive ΔH and a positive ΔS. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. This reaction will be spontaneous only at high temperatures. B. This reaction will be nonspontaneous at all temperatures. C. This reaction will be spontaneous at all temperatures. D. This reaction will be nonspontaneous only at high temperatures. E. It is not possible to determine without more information.
Because we do not know if the value of the change in free energy will be positive or negative. It is not possible to determine without more information.
Option E
What is Heat ?Heat Energy is simply defined as an energy that is moved from one body to another using the concept of difference temperature changes.
Generally, the equation for the change in enthalpy is mathematically given as
ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS
In conclusion, we do not know the magnitude of positive or positive value and hence, we do not know if the value of the change in free energy will be positive or negative.
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When 1 mol CS2(l) forms from its elements at 1 atm and 25°C, 89.7 kJ of heat is absorbed, and it takes 27.7 kJ to vaporize 1 mol of the liquid. How much heat is absorbed when 1 mol CS2(g) forms from its elements at these conditions
Answer:
There is 117.4 kJ of heat absorbed
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Number of moles CS2 = 1 mol
Temperature = 25° = 273 +25 = 298 Kelvin
Heat absorbed = 89.7 kJ
It takes 27.7 kJ to vaporize 1 mol of the liquid
Step 2: Calculate the heat that is absorbed
C(s) + 2S(s) → CS2(l) ΔH = 89.7 kJ (positive since heat is absorbed)
CS2(l) → CS2(g) ΔH = 27.7 kJ (positive since heat is absorbed)
We should balance the equations, before summing, but since they are already balanced, we don't have to change anything.
C(s) + 2S(s)---> CS2 (g)
ΔH = 89.7 + 27.7 = 117.4 kJ
There is 117.4 kJ of heat absorbed
Calculate the percent by mass of the solute in each of the following aqueous solutions: (a) 5.50 g of NaBr in 78.2 g of solution, (b) 31.0 g of KCl in 152 g of water, (c) 4.5 g of toluene in 29 g of benzene.
Answer:
For a: The mass percent of NaBr is 7.03 %
For b: The mass percent of KCl is 16.94 %
For c: The mass percent of toluene is 13.43 %
Explanation:
To calculate the mass percentage of solute in solution, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Mass percent of solute}=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Mass of solution}}\times 100[/tex] .......(1)
For a:We are given:
Mass of NaBr (Solute) = 5.50 g
Mass of solution = 78.2 g
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Mass percent of NaBr}=\frac{5.50g}{78.2g}\times 100\\\\\text{Mass percent of NaBr}=7.03\%[/tex]
Hence, the mass percent of NaBr is 7.03 %
For b:We are given:
Mass of KCl (Solute) = 31.0 g
Mass of water (solvent) = 152 g
Mass of solution = (31.0 + 152) g = 183 g
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Mass percent of KCl}=\frac{31.0g}{183g}\times 100\\\\\text{Mass percent of KCl}=16.94\%[/tex]
Hence, the mass percent of KCl is 16.94 %
For c:We are given:
Mass of toluene (Solute) = 4.5 g
Mass of benzene (solvent) = 29 g
Mass of solution = (4.5 + 29) g = 33.5 g
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Mass percent of toluene}=\frac{4.5g}{33.5g}\times 100\\\\\text{Mass percent of toluene}=13.43\%[/tex]
Hence, the mass percent of toluene is 13.43 %
To calculate the percent by mass of the solute in each aqueous solution, divide the mass of the solute by the mass of the solution and multiply by 100%
Explanation:To calculate the percent by mass of the solute in each aqueous solution, you'll need to use the formula:
Percent by mass = (mass of solute/mass of solution) x 100%
For example, in solution (a) with 5.50 g of NaBr in 78.2 g of solution, the mass of the solute is 5.50 g and the mass of the solution is 78.2 g. Plugging these values into the formula gives:
Percent by mass = (5.50 g / 78.2 g) x 100% = 7.03%
Similarly, you can calculate the percent by mass for solutions (b) and (c) using the same formula.
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Brass is made from a combination of copper and zinc. The relative amounts of each element are varied by metalworkers to produce the desired properties. Is brass a compound or a mixture?
Answer:
Mixture
Explanation:
Brass is an alloy. An alloy is a combination of two or more metals that gives rise to another metal to give a more desirable end product metal.
The metals combined are only physically combined. They still retain their individual properties. Although the compositions are varied, it is only varied to produce desired properties and not to alter any chemical combination as in the case of compounds.
It is important to note that there are no chemical combinations between these metals.
For a sample of acetylene collected over water, total gas pressure is 760 torr and the volume is 459 mL. At the temperature of the gas (23°C), the vapor pressure of water is 21.0 torr. How many grams of acetylene are collected?
Answer:
0.52g
Explanation:
To calculate the mass of acetylene collected, we can calculate the number of moles of acetylene collected and multiply this by the molar mass of acetylene.
To calculate the number of moles of acetylene collected, we can use the ideal gas equation I.e PV = nRT
Rearranging the equation, n =PV/RT
We now identify each of the terms below before substituting and calculating.
n = number of moles, which we are calculating.
R = molar gas constant = 62.64 L.Torr. K^-1. mol^-1
V = volume = 459ml : 1000ml ÷ 1L, hence , 459ml = 459/1000 = 0.459L
T = temperature = 23 degrees Celsius = 273 + 23 = 296K
P = pressure. But since the gas was collected over water, we subtract the vapour pressure of water from the total pressure = 760 - 21 = 739torr
We substitute these values into the equation to yield the following:
n = (739 × 0.459) ÷ ( 62.64 × 300)
n = apprx 0.02 moles
To calculate the mass of acetylene collected, we need the molar mass of acetylene. The molecular formula of acetylene = C2H2, atomic mass of carbon = 12 and atomic mass of hydrogen = 1, thus , the molar mass = 2(12) + 2(1) = 26g/mol
Thus the mass of acetylene collected = 0.02 mole × 26g/mol = 0.52g
Calculate the temperature change in the water upon the complete melting of the ice. Assume that all of the energy required to melt the ice comes from the water. Express your answer in terms of the initial temperature of water, T. Calculate the temperature change in the water upon the complete melting of the ice. Assume that all of the energy required to melt the ice comes from the water. Express your answer in terms of the initial temperature of water, . -0.031 T - 2.5 ∘C -2.5 T + 0.031 ∘C 0.031 T - 2.5 ∘C 2.5 T - 0.031 ∘C
Answer:
See explanation below
Explanation:
First, you are not providing any data about the mass of ice and the innitial temperature of water, so, I'm gonna use data from a similar exercise, so in order for you to get the accurate and correct answer, just replace the data in this procedure, and you should be fine.
Now, For this exercise, I will assume we have an 8 g ice cube pounded into 230 g of water. The expression to use here is the following:
q = m*Cp*ΔT (1)
Solving for ΔT:
ΔT = q / m*Cp (2)
Where:
q: heat of the water
m: mass of water
Cp: specific heat of water which is 4.18 J /g °C
Now, we don't know the heat emmited by water, we need to calculate that. To do this, we have data for ice and water, so, let's find first the heat absorbed by the melting ice, and then, the water.
Converting the grams into moles, using the molar mass of water which is 18 g/mol rounded:
moles of ice = 8 g / 18 g/mol = 0.44 moles of water
Now, we'll use the molar heat of fusion of water to convert the moles to kJ:
qi = 0.44 mol * 6.02 kJ/mol =¨2.6488 kJ
Now, as the ice is the system and water the surroundings, the melting of ice in endothermic therefore the heat of water should be the same of ice but negative, therefore:
qi = -qw = -2.6488 kJ or -2648.8 J
Finally, replace this value in equation (2) to get the temperature change:
ΔT = -2648.8 / (230 * 4.18)
ΔT = -2.75 °C
Now, use your data of ice and water and replace them here in this procedure to get the correct and accurate answer.
Which tags do not depend on a silicon microchip and use plastic or conductive polymers instead of silicon-based microchips allowing them to be washed or exposed to water without damaging the chip?
Answer: Chipless RFID tags
German physicist Werner Heisenberg related the uncertainty of an object's position ( Δ x ) (Δx) to the uncertainty in its velocity ( Δ v ) (Δv) Δ x ≥ h 4 π m Δ v Δx≥h4πmΔv where h h is Planck's constant and m m is the mass of the object. The mass of an electron is 9.11 × 10 − 31 kg. 9.11×10−31 kg. What is the uncertainty in the position of an electron moving at 6.00 × 10 6 m/s 6.00×106 m/s with an uncertainty of Δ v = 0.01 × 10 6 m/s ?
Answer:
[tex]5.788\times 10^{-9} m[/tex] is the uncertainty in the position of a moving electron.
Explanation:
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is given by the equation:
[tex]\Delta x\times m\times \Delta v=\frac{h}{4\pi}[/tex]
The mass of an electron = m
Uncertainty in velocity = Δv
Uncertainty in position = Δx
h = Planck's constant
We are given:
The mass of an electron = m = [tex]9.11\times 10^{-31} kg[/tex]
Uncertainty in velocity = Δv = [tex]0.01 \times 10^6 m/s[/tex]
Uncertainty in position = Δx
[tex]\Delta x=\frac{h}{4\pi \times m\times \Delta v}[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{6.626\times 10^{-34} Js}{4\times 3.14\times 9.11\times 10^{-31} kg\times 0.01 \times 10^6 m/s}[/tex]
[tex]=5.788\times 10^{-9} m[/tex]
[tex]5.788\times 10^{-9} m[/tex] is the uncertainty in the position of a moving electron.
The uncertainty in the position of an electron is equal to [tex]5.76 \times 10^{-9}\; meters[/tex]
Given the following data:
Mass of an electron = [tex]9.11 \times 10^{-31}[/tex] kgUncertainty in velocity = [tex]0.01 \times 10^{6}[/tex] m/sTo find the uncertainty in the position of an electron, we would use Heisenberg's uncertainty principle:
Mathematically, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle of an object is given by the formula:
[tex]\Delta x \times m \times \Delta v = \frac{h}{4\pi }[/tex]
Where:
[tex]\Delta x[/tex] is the uncertainty in position.m is the mass of an object.[tex]\Delta v[/tex] is the uncertainty in velocity.h is Planck constant ([tex]6.626 \times 10^{-34}[/tex]).Making [tex]\Delta x[/tex] the subject of formula, we have:
[tex]\Delta x = \frac{h}{4\pi \times m \times \Delta v}[/tex]
Substituting the given parameters into the formula, we have;
[tex]\Delta x = \frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34}}{4\times \;3.142 \;\times \;9.11 \times 10^{-31}\; \times \;0.01 \;\times 10^{6}}\\\\\Delta x = \frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34}}{1.15 \times 10^{-25}}\\\\\Delta x = 5.76 \times 10^{-9}\; meters[/tex]
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Iron reacts with copper (II) sulfate to produce copper and iron (II) sulfate. If 5.6 moles of iron react, how many molecules of iron (II) sulfate will be produced?
1 Fe + 1 CuSO4 --> 1 Cu + 1 FeSO4
Answer:
The molecules of Fe formed are 3.37 ₓ10²⁴
Explanation:
The reaction is this one:
Fe + CuSO₄ --> Cu + FeSO₄
And the ratio for the reaction is 1:1
If 5.6 moles of iron react, you will have 5.6 moles of FeSO₄. By the way, you should use NA to calculate the number of molecules.
1 mol ____ has ___ 6.02x10²³
5.6 moles _______ (5.6 x 6.02x10²³) = 3.37 ₓ10²⁴