Justinian's code, also referred to as Code of Justinian or Codex Justinianus, is the collection of fundamental laws and legal interpretations, gathered by the order of Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor. It has four following sections:
1. Codex Constitutionum: it is a compilation of laws, rulings and imperial enactments issued by the emperors.
2. Digesta, or Pandectae: it is a collection of juristic writings, covering the trials and decisions.
3. Institutiones: a basic law textbook for students and lawyers.
4. Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem: known as 'Novels' in English, it was a collection of newly proposed laws by the emperor.
The four sections of Justinian's Code are the Institutes, the Digest, the Code, and the Novels. Here is a brief summary of each:
1. Institutes (Institutiones):
The Institutes served as an introductory textbook on Roman law. It was designed for law students and provided a summary of legal principles and the structure of the Roman legal system. The work was divided into four books, covering topics such as the sources of law, the law of persons, property law, and the law of actions. It was meant to be a simplified guide to the more complex materials found in the Digest and the Code.
2. Digest (Digesta):
The Digest was the largest part of Justinian's codification and was a compilation of centuries of jurisprudence. It contained excerpts from the writings of Roman jurists, which were edited and organized by topic. The Digest was divided into fifty books, which were further subdivided into titles dealing with specific subjects, such as contracts, torts, marriage, and inheritance. It provided detailed explanations of legal principles and illustrated them with cases and commentary from the jurists.
3. Code (Codex):
The Code was a collection of imperial enactments, including constitutions, edicts, and responses from emperors dating back to Hadrian. It was organized chronologically and then topically into twelve books. The Code set forth the laws as issued by the emperors, covering a wide range of subjects from criminal law to private law. It was intended to replace the earlier Codex Theodosianus and to serve as a primary source of law for the empire.
4. Novels (Novellae):
The Novels were a collection of new laws issued by Justinian after the completion of the Digest and the Code. These were necessary because the law needed to evolve to address new situations and to clarify or modify existing laws. The Novels were not part of the original codification but were added as supplements. They were written in Greek, the common language of the Eastern Roman Empire, and dealt with a variety of topics, including religious matters, which were of particular interest to Justinian.
Together, these four sections comprised the Corpus Juris Civilis, which became the foundation of Roman law and had a profound influence on the legal systems of many countries in Europe and beyond.
How did Miep Gies show her resistance against the Nazis? A. by joining a rebellious group to thwart Nazi military operations B. by spying on Nazi soldiers and providing information to their enemies C. by helping to hide the Franks, a Jewish family in Amsterdam in the Netherlands D. by writing poems about the atrocities of the Nazis
Answer:
C. by helping to hide the Franks, a Jewish family in Amsterdam in the Netherlands
Explanation:
Miep Gies was born in Vienna, but because of illness and impoverishment, she was sent to the Netherlands for care and fortified with her foster family. She wedded a Dutchman and worked for Otto Frank, winding up close with his family. She, alongside a few other people, concealed the Franks in a secret annex to the office for over two years before they were discovered by the Gestapo. She protected Anne Frank's journals and later returned them to Otto Frank, the sole survivor of his family.
Answer:C. by helping to hide the Franks, a Jewish family in Amsterdam in the Netherlands
What do we mean by civilization? What would you look for in a society to figure out if it was a civilization or not?
Look for signs of life such as, did they have and water reservoirs and planting facilities and for architecture like structures.
The war powers resolution and the twenty-second amendment addressed which political trend in the 20th century
Answer
It addressed the reassertion of congressional authority.
Explanation
The War Powers Resolution of 1973 was placed into being after President Nixon’s troublesome events on Vietnamese war that made the United State to lose heavily in the war. The congress was addressing the powers of the president on sending army forces into war without the approval of the congress. The resolution lay foundation procedures to be followed by the congress and the president in cases of war. The congress was supposed to share the decision before sending troops into war or any hostilities. The War resolution act was aiming to stop the U.S president from declaring war without proper legislative approvals.
It hence address away with the reassertion by the side of congressional authority.
Explanation:The War Powers Resolution in the year 1973 was being placed over just as after the troublesome events of the President Nixon on top of the Vietnamese war. The congress step ahead as in addressing with the powers of the President as on top of sending the army forces right into the war.
in the opening months of world war 1, Russia was _
A. Fighting for it's existence
B. Close to defeating the German army
C. Neither losing nor gaining ground
D.Pushing German and Ottoman forces back
The first action on the Eastern front was the Russian invasion of East Prussia from August to September 1914. The Battle of Gumbinnen was the first victory for the Russian army on August 20th, 1914. However, days later, from August 23rd to 30th in 1914, the Germans recovered and defeated the Russians in the Battle of Tannenberg, taken around 100,000 prisoners and the Russian commander, Alexander Samsonov committed suicide because of the outcome of the battle. Russians also invaded the Kingdom of Galicia and they defeated the Austro-Hungarian army during the battle of Lemberg, forcing them to retire 160 kilometers. Summarizing all that happened on those first months, it's clear that the Russian army wasn't close to defeating the German army, didn't push back severely Germans and Ottomans and neither fighting for its existence. The correct answer is C. Neither losing nor gaining ground in the opening months of WWI.
The answer is A. Fighting for it's existence. German forces defeated advancing Russians. The Ottoman empire joined central powers. Tsar Nicholas II took command of the Russian army. Also British forces landed in Gallipoli. Russia suffered thousands of casualties. There's the explanation, but some more proof is that I got an A on this test! :)
Which of the following would most likely support ideals which included alleviating poverty, regulating big businesses, and enacting worker protection?
the answer is the social gospel
Answer:
The Social Gospel is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The social gospel was a Protestant movement that applied christian ethics to social problems such as poverty, crime and racial inequality etc. It was well known early 20th century in Canada and US, the gospellers tried to put Lord's prayer into practise, they also believed that second coming would not happen unless and until people rid themselves as social evils. It was popular among clergy and the leaders were mostly related with the liberal wing of the progressive movement, its members were also associated with the liberal wing of progressive movement. Josiah Strong, Washington Gladden and Richard T. Ely were some of the famous members of The Social Gospel movement.
Why were large states such as Virginia happy with the Great Compromise? It provided for a Congress made up of just one house. It provided for equal representation in both houses of Congress. It provided for representation by population in one house of Congress.
It provided for representation by population in one house of Congress.
Answer:
The answer is C. It provided for representation by population in one house of Congress.
What practice prompted Martin Luther to criticize the Catholic Church?
At first, the reason for criticizing the Catholic Church was selling indulgences. As this practice continued after the letter Martin Luther wrote to the Archbishop of Meinz, Luther tried to carry out reforms within the church, but he realized that this was impossible because of the attitude of the Pope. Namely, the Pope considered himself the head of the church, God is in heaven, the Pope is on earth, everyone who contradicted was a heretic, because the will of God is carried through the Pope. Luther's criticism continues to deal not only with indulgences, but also with the personality of the Pope and his like-minded people calling them false Christians, realizing that reforms in the church are impossible.
how did Italy's location help make it the starting point of the Renaissance
Answer:
Mediterranean enterprise produced property.
Explanation:
The Renaissance started in Italy because of the geographic situation. It stayed in the Mediterranean Sea and in linking east and west.Italy held a gateway to the Holy Land. Tourists would tour through Italy and leave for Jerusalem at the southerly tip to ford the Mediterranean. Art & Catholicism increased concurrently.
IN a fairy tale, you will often find ________
A) Something related to the number 3
B) a legendary main character
c) A moral that is clearly stated at the end
(This is for Mythology)
Answer:
The correct answer is option A.
Explanation:
In a fairy tale, you will often find a repeated pattern of the use of number 3.
For example, "Goldilocks and the Three Bears", "Three Blind Mice", or "The Three Billy Goats Gruff" among others. Number 3 is often included in titles, tasks, and phrases.
Other characteristics of the fairy tales are the good and the evil character, the presence of royalty (a queen, a princess, or a king), poverty and magic.
Moral lesson stated at the end is commonly found in a fable.
The correct option is c. In a fairy tale, you will often find a moral that is clearly stated at the end.
Fairy tales typically feature a moral or lesson that is conveyed through the experiences and actions of the characters. These morals serve as guiding principles for the audience, imparting wisdom and teaching valuable life lessons. Unlike fables, where the moral is explicitly stated within the narrative, fairy tales often conclude with a clear moral message that summarizes the themes and lessons learned throughout the story. This moral may be expressed through the resolution of the plot or through the words of a narrator or character.
By emphasizing moral values such as kindness, courage, and perseverance, fairy tales encourage readers to reflect on their own behavior and choices, fostering personal growth and moral development. Additionally, the moral of a fairy tale often transcends cultural and generational boundaries, resonating with audiences of all ages and backgrounds. Thus, the presence of a clearly stated moral is a defining characteristic of the fairy tale genre, distinguishing it from other forms of storytelling.
What limits does genomic testing have as a historical source
The limits of genomic testing are connected with tracking the possibilities of developing a certain disease. It used to be believed that genes were the most importan responsible factors for causing self-immune diseases, but now it has been prooved that the environment, bad habits and nourishing, among other factors, play a more important role in that aspect.
Genomic testing as a historical source has limitations in providing comprehensive information about historical events and individuals.
Explanation:Genomic testing has some limitations as a historical source. Firstly, genomic testing can only provide information about an individual's genetic makeup and ancestry, which may not directly translate to historical events or timelines. It cannot provide detailed information about the social, cultural, or political aspects of history. Secondly, genomic testing is limited to individuals who have undergone testing and may not be representative of the entire population. Lastly, genomic testing cannot provide information about events or historical figures before the advent of genetic testing technology.
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which event sparked the protest movement known as the Arab spring
The Arab Spring, also known as Arab revolutions of 2010-2013, marked a revolutionary series of popular violent as well as non-violent riots, coups, foreign interventions, demonstrations, protests and civil wars in North Africa and the Middle East that initiated on 18 December 2010 in Tunisia with the Tunisian Revolution.
On December 17, 2010 in the City of Tunis, a street vendor, called Mohamed Bouazizi, killed himself as a way of protest because the police stripped him of his merchandise and savings accounts.
Mark the statement if it correctly describes the Great Wall.
A. It was built to protect Qin's empire from foreign invasion.
B. It was built along the southern border of Qin's empire.
C. The entire struture was built during the Qin dynasty.
D. It was the longest manmade structure in the world.
E. It can be seen from the moon.
Answer 'A' correctly describes the Great Wall = It was built to protect Qin's empire from foreign invasion.
Apart from defense, the Great Wall included border controls, and regulation of goods. After Qin dynasty, other dynasties had used it, to maintain their territories.
Which of these people groups FIRST developed complex society in the region identified in the map?
A) Aryans
B) Sumerians
C) Egyptians
D) Assyrians
Your answer is B
The Sumerians were the first developed complex society,
Geographical location: The region in the map is called Mesopotamia, a word that comes from the Greek language, that means "between two rivers". Those two rivers are the Tigris and the Euphrates and the land was known as 'Al-Jazirah' (the island) or the Fertile Crescent, because over centuries, the flood pulse of the Euphrates and Tigris left the southern plains of the richest soil in the Near East. This region today corresponds mostly to Irak, but also to Syria, Turkey, Kuwait, and Iran.
First civilization in Mesopotamia: Starting from 4000 BCE, the Sumerians organized themselves into several city-states that were spread across the southern part of Mesopotamia, in Western Asia. These city-states, like Eridu, Uruk, Ur, Larsa, Isin, Adab, Kullah, Lagash, Nippur, and Kish, were independent of one another and were fully autonomous centers, each surrounding a temple that was dedicated to god or goddess specific to that city-state. Each city-state was governed by a priest-king.
The correct answer is B. Sumerians.
The photo Captain mentions a quote from American poet Ralph Waldo Emerson what did he mean by the shoot heard round the world
The quote means "the shot" had an impact all around the world and everyone in the world paid attention to the event.
The quote "the shot heard round the world" refers to the first shot of the American Revolution that took place at the battles of Lexington and Concord. Historians are unsure who fired the first shot of the American Revolution. There is one thing for certain, historians agree Lexington and Concord are the first battles of the American Revolution. The beginning of this war brought attention from the rivals of Great Britain as they watched a colony battle their mother country. Emerson describes the event as one that was newsworthy and had an impact all around the world. Before the war is over, other countries would get involved in the conflict and after the colonies of the Americas would be inspired to revolt against their own mother countries.
which two countries started exploring north america soon after christopher columbus's journey to the new world?
Answer:
After the discovery of the the Lesser Antilles and Cuba by Christopher Columbus, other European countries started exploring North America in an attempt to find "The Indies". John Cabot was commissioned by the England´s king Henry VII to explore North America. Also, Portugal commissioned Joao Fernandes Lavrador to explore Greenland besides the Portuguses settlements in South America.
With these discoveries, European empires starting colonizing the north part of America as Spain conquered part of the Caribbian and moved accross South America.
Explanation:
Which approach did mercantilists encourage European rulers to take toward natural resources in the American colonies?
Mercantilists encouraged European rulers to extract raw materials from American colonies to support their own manufacturing and achieve a favorable balance of trade.
This exploitation maximized the wealth and power of the European mother countries. For example, British colonies supplied raw materials to England, which were then manufactured and sold for profit.
Mercantilists encouraged European rulers to exploit the natural resources in the American colonies to maximize their own wealth and power. Colonies were seen primarily as sources of raw materials which could be extracted inexpensively and shipped to the mother country. These raw materials were then used to support domestic manufacturing and increase the nation’s wealth through a favorable balance of trade. For example, British colonies in North America supplied England with raw materials like tobacco, lumber, and food which were then turned into finished goods and sold at higher prices, ensuring economic benefits for the mother country.
Define: articles of confederation, ratification, full faith and credit, and shays rebellion
The Articles of Confederation were the first U.S. constitution, creating a weak central government. Ratification is the official approval of an agreement. "Full faith and credit" refers to the recognition of other states' laws, and Shays' Rebellion was an armed protest in Massachusetts that exposed the weaknesses of the Confederation.
Definitions Related to the Articles of Confederation and the Early U.S. Government
Articles of Confederation: The Articles of Confederation were the first constitution of the United States, in effect from 1781 to 1789. They established a loose confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government, leaving most of the power with the state governments.
Ratification: Ratification is the official way to confirm something, usually by vote. It is the act of formally approving an agreement or treaty. The Articles of Confederation required unanimous ratification by all thirteen original states.
The phrase "full faith and credit" is used to describe a clause in the U.S Constitution (Article IV, Section 1) that requires each state to recognize and honor the laws, judicial proceedings, and public records of the other states. This concept was carried over from the Articles of Confederation.
Shays' Rebellion: This was an armed uprising that took place in Western Massachusetts in 1786-1787. It was led by Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays and other farmers in response to high debt and tax burdens. The rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of the Confederation government and partly led to the Constitutional Convention and the creation of a new constitution.
Which of the following judges did not serve during peace time?
Abdon
Jephthah
Tola
Elon
Abdon, was the son of Hillel, a Pirathonite, and was the twelfth JUDGE Judge of Israel mentioned in the Book of Judges.
Jephthah served as a judge over Israel for six years following the leadership of Jair.
Tola the seventh 7th Judge of Israel, Tola was from the tribe of Issachar. He ruled for 23 years 1149BC-1129BC.
Tola seems to have been raised to the position of Judge by God.
Elon, which also appeared as Ahialon in other translations, was one of the judges in the land of Israel. His name was of Hebrew origin, which meant “strong” or “oak”. In Latin, he was referred to as Ahialon. This judge served in Israel after Ibzan, and his successor was Abdon. According to the Book of Judges 12:11, Elon came from the Tribe of Zebulun. He also became a judge for a period of ten years.
So all of them were judges in the bible during peace time, so I do not get why they would ask this question.
Answer:
Jephthah
Explanation:
I took the review
Classical civilizations developed? Whereas early river valley civilizations did not
Early river-valley civilizations were just beginning to use agriculture and tools while classical period civilizations had been using tools and agriculture for much longer.
Answer:
vast empires
Explanation:
A p E x
djfhjk jr reee i hate this thing
'Tis our true policy to steer clear of permanent Alliances, with any portion of the foreign world. George Washington, Farewell Address, September 19, 1796 Which precedent of Washington’s can BEST be seen in the quote? Question 24 options: Formation of a cabinet Avoid forming political parties Presidents should only serve two terms Non-intervention policy
The correct answer is: "Non-intervention policy"
George Washington was adressing the issue on whether it was benefitial or not to establish alliances with foreign countries. Thomas Jefferson did it later as well, exactly in the same line as Washington, as it can be seen in this quotation: "Peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations-entangling alliances with none."
They exemplified like this the national point of view which had set the way of proceeding at the time. It was maintained from 1789 until the end of WWII. The only exception was the relationship of the US with Panama.
But after WWII the situation became the opposite, the US allied with half of the world and included them as part of the capitalist block, to confront the URSS and the communist system.
Which ideas of John Locke did Thomas Paine draw on in his pamphlet, Common Sense?
Answer:
Thomas Paine's pamphlet drew on John Locke's political ideas of equality, sovereignty and feedom.
Explanation:
Thomas Paine wrote his pamphlet called "Common Sense" between 1775 and 1776, which led to the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolutionary War. John Locke was a very influential English philosopher and is considered the "Father of Liberalism" because of his political ideas about the nature of people and government. He thought that all men are born free and equal, they are not meant to be subjects to a monarch's authority. Also, he claimed that if the monarchy did not protect people's individual rights, they had the right to form a new government and become independent from their rule. This encouraged the 13 colonies to declare independence and fight for their sovereignty.
Which poetic technique does Robert browning use in this excerpt from “ my last duchess “
The technique of Robert Browning in "my last duchess" is known as a dramatic monologue. This is so because all the poem is expressed in one voice only, as oppossed to a dialogue, where more voices would appear. And it is dramatic because it contains all the elements of drama.
Why did the Native Americans located in the Ohio Valley form a confederation? A) so that they would be granted statehood B) to prepare for war with the British C) to try and stop settlers from moving further west D) to support General Wayne
The answer is c because they didn’t what they taking their land
Describe the Iliad? What was Homer talking of in this piece?
The Poet Homer – creator of worshipped literature
Homer was a Greek poet who lived on the coast of Asia Minorand is credited with having authored the Iliad and the Odyssey, epic poems that scholars speculate were drawn from stories that had been passed on orally. The Iliad was about war between the Mycenae Greeks and the city of Troy – the Trojan War – which has been dated around 1190 BCE. Homer is thought to have lived in the 800s BCE. Some have argued for the 600s.
The Iliad describes events as did the Sumerians and those in India who wrote the Ramayana and the Mahabharata: as governed by the gods. By putting the story into writing he gave it a greater permanence than stories merely spoken and subject to change with each storyteller. In coming centuries, Homer's fellow Greeks would view his writing as inspired by the gods, and they would view him as an instrument of one of the nine artistic daughters of the god Zeus, a Muse (pronounced myooz) – a word to pass into modern literature. For the Greeks, Homer's works would become a reference for religious thought. The Greeks would study Homer like Jews would study the Talmud.
Homer. His poetic Iliad became scripture
for the Greeks.
Homer's Iliad plays on conflicts of will between the gods. Destiny is not the will of one god as it would be among Jews, Christians and Muslims. None of Homer's gods lays out a general law of historical development. With Homer there is a chaos of wills, including among the gods. There is uncertainty and this makes drama. (There is no drama in the preordained.)
In the Iliad, the father god of the Greeks, Zeus, prefers love to war, but, while he is distracted with lovemaking, lesser gods create war. Foremost among these lesser gods is the troublesome goddess of love, Aphrodite, who creates a love affair between a Greek, Helen, and an aristocrat of Troy named Paris.
The story takes place during what is perceived to be an age of heroes – a time when aristocrats led armies and accepted raiding and plundering as normal activity. This was a story about men doing big things, and nothing was bigger than war. The Iliad extols soldierly honor and duty, the obligation of revenge, pride, class privilege, military prowess and glory. Despite the carnage, it describes life as precious, and it extols emotional control over surrender to rage. It describes mortals as committing acts they did not intend, as if emotion led men to follow the dictates of the gods. And the dreams of men are messages from the gods.
Clio, daughter of Zeus. She would become the Muse of History.
The story includes the god Apollo punishing Greeks with a plague and a contingent of Greeks sacrficing one hundred head of cattle in order to appease Apollo. The tradition of sacrifice among the Greeks is depicted with another tradition: purification. Homer's heroes must wash or purify themselves before a sacrifice, a purification involving disposal of offensive pollutions. And the Iliad describes religious rituals that include cremation – which allows a warrior's remains to be transported home for ceremonial entombment.
According to Homer, after the Greeks beseige Troy for ten years, and after the deaths of many heroes, both Greek and Trojan, the Greeks trick the Trojans with the gift of a large wooden horse, within which are Greek warriors who open Troy's gates to the Greek army. The Greeks slaughter the Trojans except for some women and children whom they keep or sell as slaves. And the soldiers desecrate temples, earning the wrath of gods.
The Odyssey is about the return home from the war by the Greeks. Few of them did. That is the way it was with war and the gods who created and directed it, gods in conflict with gods.
1. Describe the Iliad
The Iliad is a Greek epic poem, traditionally attributed to Homer. It was composed of dactyl hexameters and has a total of 15,693 verses. The story happens during the last 51 days of the Trojan war. The title of the books derives from the Greek name of Troy, Ιlión.
2. What was Homer talking of in this piece
This epic poem is about the anger of Achilles. Achilles is the son of King Peleus and the Nereid Thetis. Achille´s fury ends with the poem when he decides to reconcile with Priam, the father of his enemy Hector, during Hector´s funeral.
The Iliad and the Odyssey were considered by the Greeks of the classical period as the most important compositions and were used as foundations of pedagogy.
Answer:
the lliad is an epic poem by the ancient Greek poet Homer, which recounts some of the significant events of the final weeks of the Trojan War and the Greek siege of the city of Troy (which was also known as Ilion, Ilios or Ilium in ancient times).
Explanation:
The three main reasons for the establishment of Israel are: Anti-semitism, Zionism, and _____.
Nazi Party
The European Partitioning
The Economy
The Holocaust
The correct answer is "The Holocaust". The historical analysis explains that there are three important factors to affirm this. 1. It played an important role that was widely considered in the discussions about United Nations approval of the State of Israel in 1948. 2. It encouraged a visible amount of immigrants to move to the new country. 3. It allowed the Jewish worldwide community to pressure Germany into providing the economic base to build infrastructure and support the new country.
Why did Iraq invade Kuwait in 1990?
In early 1990 Iraq was accusing Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum through slant drilling, although some Iraqi sources indicated Saddam Hussein's decision to attack Kuwait was made a few months before the actual invasion.
Answer:
In early 1990 Iraq was accusing Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum through slant drilling, although some Iraqi sources indicated Saddam Hussein's decision to attack Kuwait was made a few months before the actual invasion.
Which industry makes cloth?
A: mining
B: manufacturing
C: textile
D: electronics
textile.
hope that helps :)
Which of the president’s nine roles calls for him to set the nation’s foreign policy?
The role of the President as Chief Diplomat is the one that calls him to set the nation's foreign policy, in fact, it makes him its main designer. His power is so large that his rulings are followed both by the US and foreign parties.
The roles established for the President of the United States are the following:
Chief of StateChief ExecutiveChief DiplomatCommander in chief of the Armed ForcesLegislative LeaderChief of PartyGuardian of the Economy. chief citizenThe president role as the Chief Diplomat calls for him to set the nation’s foreign policy.
Basically, the Executive president is established to serves 9 distinct roles according the United State Constitution.
The roles established includes:
Chief of State Chief Executive Chief Diplomat Commander in chief of the Armed Forces Legislative Leader Chief of Party Guardian of the Economy. Chief citizenTherefore, the President role as the Chief Diplomat is the one that calls him to set the nation's foreign policy because there is need to negotiate with foreign governments and appoint ambassadors to other nations as well.
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Many colonists did not feel represented by British Parliament, while Wales and Scotland held 27 and 45 seats, respectively, the American colonists accounted for how many of the 558 seats in Westminster at the time?
zero
they had no seats at all
Answer: C. Zero
Explanation: Got it right on prepworks
Please give me a heart and five stars :(_
Which colony were Catholics and Protestants welcome in, but non-Christians could be executed?
A) Maryland
B) New York
C) Pennsylvania
D) New Jersey
Answer:
The answer is A
Explanation:
In 1649 this colony issued the so-called Maryland Toleration Act, according to which it granted freedom of conscience to all Christians.
On the other hand, all those who declined to accept the divinity of Jesus Christ were sentenced to death.
Answer:
A) Maryland
Explanation: