Which of the following contributes to global warming?
A) acid rain
B) greenhouse gases
C) tropospheric ozone
D) ozone hole
After protein translation is complete, the newly-formed polypeptide A. embeds itself on the surface of a ribosome, which carries it back to the nucleus for alterations. B. folds into a three-dimensional structure due to the interaction of neighboring amino acids in sequence. C. moves to the mitochondrion, where it is broken down to form ATP. D. breaks down the RNA molecules that helped form the polypeptide.
Answer:
B. folds into a three-dimensional structure due to the interaction of neighboring amino acids in sequence.
Explanation:
After completion of translation the nascent polypeptide molecule enters endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from cytosol in order to fold into a specific three dimensional structure. A polypeptide becomes functional only after being folded, in nascent form it is non functional. In ER, a linear polypeptide molecule folds to form either an alpha helix or a beta sheet due to hydrogen bonding between various amino acids, these are secondary structures. These secondary structures then fold even more to form tertiary structure with the help of ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions and disulphide linkage/bonds between various amino acids. After tertiary structure, finally a quaternary structure is obtained because of oligomerisation of two or more tertiary proteins. This well folded and oligomerised protein is usually a functional form of protein.
Information gathered from observing the growth of a fish over a month is called Question 2 options: hypotheses. data. variables. inferences.
Ddee pea plants can produce _____ type(s) of gametes, but a ddee plant can produce _____ type(s) of gametes.
Final answer:
A homozygous ddee pea plant can only produce one type of gamete, while a heterozygous pea plant like Ddee can produce multiple types, depending on the number of gene loci with varied alleles. Pea plants that were studied by Mendel can produce different numbers of gametes based on their genotype.
Explanation:
The student's question pertains to the types of gametes produced by pea plants with different genotypes. A ddee pea plant can produce only one type of gamete because it is homozygous at both gene loci (dd and ee), meaning all gametes produced will carry the alleles d and e. On the other hand, a heterozygous pea plant (like Ddee) can produce multiple types of gametes depending on the number of gene loci with varied alleles. For example, if there are two heterozygous gene loci, say DdEe, it can produce four different types of gametes (DE, De, dE, and de).
In Mendel's genetic inheritance studies, pea plants were diploid and had 14 chromosomes. Without crossing over, the number of unique gametes one pea plant can produce depends on the number of heterozygous gene loci. The YyRr plant, which produces four different gametes, we can infer that for each heterozygous gene locus, the number of possible gametes doubles. Therefore, a pea plant with one heterozygous pair will produce two types of gametes, and for two heterozygous pairs, as in YyRr, it will produce four types of gametes (YR, Yr, yR, yr).
The amphibians, reptiles, and mammals comprise which group?
During intense exercise, can a muscle cell use fat as a concentrated source of chemical energy? explain.
During intense exercise, muscle cells primarily use carbohydrates due to their rapid conversion to ATP, whereas fat metabolism is slower.
During intense exercise, muscle cells primarily rely on carbohydrates, specifically glucose, as the main source of energy. This is because glucose can be rapidly metabolized through glycolysis to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the immediate energy currency of cells. Glycolysis doesn't require oxygen and can generate ATP quickly to meet the high energy demands of intense exercise.
On the other hand, fat metabolism, which involves the breakdown of fatty acids, is not as efficient for providing energy during intense exercise. The breakdown of fats requires more oxygen and is a slower process compared to glycolysis. Additionally, fatty acids cannot be metabolized as quickly as glucose, making them less suitable for meeting the immediate energy needs of intense activity.
However, this doesn't mean that muscle cells can't use fat as a source of energy during intense exercise at all. In fact, during prolonged or endurance exercise, when glycogen (the stored form of glucose) becomes depleted, muscle cells can start to rely more on fat metabolism to sustain energy production. As exercise intensity decreases or becomes more prolonged, the body shifts towards utilizing more fat for energy, as fatty acids can provide a more sustained source of ATP production when oxygen is readily available.
So, while muscle cells can use fat as a source of energy, especially during lower intensity or prolonged exercise, during intense exercise, they primarily rely on carbohydrates due to their ability to produce ATP rapidly through glycolysis.
What is the primary difference between acute illness and chronic illness?
Why would a doctor inject a dilute salt solution rather than pure water into the bloodstream of a patient who has suffered severe blood loss? select one:
a. because salt will assist in co-transport of needed nutrients into the patient's cells.
b. because pure water might cause the patient's red blood cells to shrink.
c. because pure water might cause the patient's red blood cells to burst.
d. because salt will help prevent bacterial infections?
Which are structures of the excretory system? Check all that apply. kidney spleen bladder esophagus ureter urethra
Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient experiencing myelosuppression secondary to chemotherapy for cancer treatment?
The process of making nitrogen in the air usable to the plant is called nitrogen _______.
identify the process by which information in segments of human DNA can be expressed by a bacterial cell
Genetic engineering uses recombinant DNA technology including manipulation of the segments of human DNA that can be expressed by a bacterial cell.
What is genetic engineering?They are the different scientific-technological techniques and procedures that allow the human being to modify or recombine the DNA and other nucleic acids of living beings.
To do this, genes are added, altered or deleted from the genetic code of living beings, also called genetic editing.
Therefore, we can conclude that genetic engineering uses recombinant DNA technology including manipulation of the segments of human DNA that can be expressed by a bacterial cell.
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The rapid growth of the human population during the last two centuries is INDIRECTLY responsible for which environmental concern, that in turn, will lead to future species extinction
What is considered to be the average natural mutation rate that occurs during dna replication? what is considered to be the average natural mutation rate that occurs during dna replication? one in every trillion nucleotides replicated. one in every ten thousand nucleotides replicated. one in every billion nucleotides replicated. one in every million nucleotides replicated?
The role of inflammation in the etiology of atherosclerosis has emerged over the last few years. which lab test is a marker for systemic inflammation?
Which is the correct order the organisms would appear during primary succession?
A. Mosses, trees, lichens, grasses and annual flowers, bushes and shrubs
B. Lichens, mosses, grasses and annual flowers, bushes and shrubs, trees
C. Bushes and shrubs, mosses, lichens, grasses and annual flowers, trees
D. Lichens, bushes and shrubs, grasses and annual flowers, trees, mosses
C, bushes and shrubs, mosses, lichens, grasses and annual flowers, trees
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Gender, the sense of being male or female, is well-established by the time children are
A grassland is a region where the annual precipitation is _______________________________________________________________
Why is pigweed so difficult to control? select all that apply. why is pigweed so difficult to control? select all that apply. the number of inches it grows daily the way it spreads like a vine on the ground and is hidden from view its thick, woody stem the number of seeds it produces?
Pigweed is difficult to control due to its high seed production, rapid growth, and ability to germinate easily. It is also challenging because of the development of herbicide resistance. Integrated management strategies are necessary to control pigweed effectively.
Explanation:Pigweed is a problematic agricultural weed because it possesses several attributes that make it difficult to control. One of the key reasons is its ability to produce a vast number of seeds, which can lie dormant in the soil for extended periods, ensuring its prolonged presence in an area. Its seeds germinate readily, often requiring little to no special conditions. This contributes to a substantial 'seed bank' in the soil, guaranteeing future generations of the weed.
Another challenge in controlling pigweed is its rapid growth. Quick growth allows pigweed to efficiently compete for resources, which is crucial in agricultural settings where it can out-compete crops for necessary nutrients and light. Additionally, weeds like pigweed are known to reproduce readily, enhancing their chances of survival and spread within a farm.
Methods such as chemical control, using herbicides, can face challenges as some weeds have developed resistance to commonly used herbicides, further complicating control efforts. Integrated management strategies, combining cultural practices with biological and chemical controls, are often required to effectively manage pigweed populations in agricultural fields.
what is the difference between transcription and translation
Transcription and translation are two fundamental processes in protein synthesis. They differ in location, molecules involved, and process.
Explanation:Transcription and translation are two fundamental processes in protein synthesis. Transcription is the process where DNA is used as a template to produce mRNA in the nucleus. Translation, on the other hand, occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the synthesis of protein using the mRNA as a template.
There are several differences between transcription and translation:
Location: Transcription occurs in the nucleus, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm.Molecules involved: Transcription involves the conversion of DNA to mRNA, while translation involves the conversion of mRNA to protein.Process: Transcription involves the copying of a specific gene sequence from DNA to RNA, while translation involves decoding the genetic information in mRNA to determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
Why are steroids important to life?
In double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the egg to form the diploid zygote and the other sperm fuses with two polar nuclei to form the ____________.
In double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the egg cell to form the diploid zygote and the other sperm fuses with two polar nuclei to form the endosperm.
What is Double fertilization?Double fertilization is the process of fusion of the sperm (male gamete) with the female gamete to produce different cells. Double fertilization is made up of two processes which are fertilization and triple fusion.
Fertilization includes the fusion of the haploid male gamete with the haploid female gamete to form a diploid zygote which forms the new plant which is diploid.
Triple fusion includes the fusion of the male gamete which is haploid with the two polar nuclei which are present with the egg cell in the female gametophyte, thus producing a triploid (3n) primary endosperm nucleus or Endosperm.
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the process by which one large nucleus splits into two nuclei
What process is most important in the expansion of plant cells?
Most species of cyanobacteria are enclosed in a _____.
carotenoid pigment
phycoerythrin
mucilaginous sheath
nuclear membrane
Answer: mucilaginous sheath
Explanation:
These algae are known as "blue algae" because of their pigmentation or "cyanobacteria" because they are prokaryotes. Microbiologists classify cyanobacteria in the realm of Eubacteria. They are the only prokaryote algae. The cellular organization is prokaryotic, without nuclei or organelles. Respiration takes place at the level of plasmalemma and thylakoids. In the center (nucleoplasm), cells contain their genome and circular plasmids. Cyanobacteria often also have a mucilaginous sheath common to many trichomes.
These organisms contain several carotenoid pigments, particularly myxoxanthophyll, which does not occur in any other algae group. Some cyanobacteria are strictly phototrophic, others are optional: they are phototrophic when in the presence of light, but may grow in obscurity using an organic carbon source. Others can use a source of organic carbon as well as inorganic carbon, but only in the presence of light.
Light energy from the sun is converted by plants into _____.
mechanical energy
chemical energy
electricity
leaves
Answer:
chemical energy
Explanation:
Green plants have chlorophyll pigment that serves to trap the sunlight. The light energy from sun is used to drive the ATP synthesis during light dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The ATP serves as energy source for dark phase of photosynthesis during which carbon dioxide is fixed into glucose. Hence, plants use the process of photosynthesis to convert the light energy of sun into chemical energy of glucose.
An nrbc (nucleated red blood cell) is _______ a mature erythrocyte.
a. less mature than
b. the same as
c. more mature than
d. from a different cell line than
Answer: A.
Nucleated red blood cell is less mature than a mature erythrocyte. They
are erythroid precursors that have apoptotic nucleus, the last nucleated stage of
red blood cell production to contain a defined, intact nucleus before the
erythrocyte losses its nucleus.
Moreover, they are confined to the bone marrow, in the peripheral blood in newborns and in uncompensated hemolytic anemia.
The layer of the epidermis in which cells die because of their inability to get nutrients and oxygen is the clear layer called
Invasion and multiplication of bacteria in body tissues result in local cellular injury due to _______________.
The nurse is assessing a 15-year-old high school student who is worried because she has not yet begun menses. the nurse tells the student that she may attain her menses late. what assessment findings might the nurse have noted about the patient? the patient:
The assessment findings that the nurse should note in the patient is Anorexia nervosa, thyroid disorders and as well as Type 1 Diabetes mellitus.
It is because a female who have a low in regards of her body mass index because of malnutrition can have a delayed onset of menstruation and those with type 1 diabetes or thyroid disorder are known to cause amenorrhea of which is defined as having an absence of menstruation because of interruption in the hypothalamic pituitary ovarian uterine.
The nurse have noted that the patient might have anorexia nervosa due to low body mass index, due to malnutrition a delayed onset of menstruation may result. Anorexia is an eating disorder characterized by low weight and a strong desire to be thin. Another assessment finding is that the patient might have type 1 diabetes mellitus where there is a risk of developing amenorrhea caused by interruption in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian-uterine axis.