A researcher pretests a group of participants to determine their attitudes toward the use of alternative energy sources to replace crude oil. The researcher then initiates a program to convince them that they should invest in such alternatives. During this time, the price of gasoline rises $0.50 per gallon. At the end of the program, the researcher retests and finds that the participants are much more positive in their attitudes. What threat to internal validity most likely accounts for this change?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

history          

Explanation:

In statistics or research methods, there are mainly eight different types of threats associated with internal validity including maturation, instrumentation, selection, testing, history, experimental morality, regression, and interaction of threats.

History: The term "history threat" is one of the different threats to internal validity which is described as an event that generally occurs between posttest and pretest that specific groups experience it differently.


Related Questions

An alluvial plain’s soil is good for __________.
A.
farming
B.
mining
C.
herding
D.
building



Please select the best answer from the choices provided


A
B
C
D

Answers

Answer:

A. farming

An alluvial plains soil is good for farming.

Answer:

The answer is A.farming

When the community worker reaches out to members of the community to let them know that their ideas, opinions, and feelings are valid and encourages them to express their concerns and feelings on their work plans, that worker is assuming the

Answers

Answer:

enabler intervention role

Explanation:

If someone refers you as an enabler, it becomes left with you to try to understand the meaning of this and make efforts towards resolving this problem. An enabler could mean that you are the person who is prolonging the substance use disorder of your loved one and hence making sure that he does not seek treatment or help, which entails preventing the person from hitting rock bottom.

Answer:

Enabler inervention role

Explanation:

Being an enabler means you care about people in your immediate environment. You care so much that you want to make life easy for them. It means you are enabling, or facilitating, your loved one’s (members of the community in this case) to continually express their conerns. In this case the worker assumes the role of an Enabler by encouraging them to express thier  ideas, opinoins and fellings.

Oswald, a minor, makes a contract with Albert, an adult, to buy a motorcycle. One week later, Oswald has his eighteenth birthday and shortly thereafter tells Albert he will pick up the motorcycle next week. In this case
Contract is void
Contract is un-void

Answers

Answer:

Contract is void

Explanation:

Inevery business contract to be entered between two parties, it is expected that the two parties involved must be of age and reason inorder to take decision on the own.

In the case of Oswald and Albert contract, due to the fact that Oswald was a minor when he entered the contract agreement, it automatically voids the contract irrespective of the fact that his birthday is few days away.

Final answer:

The contract between Oswald and Albert remains valid as Oswald became an adult after making the contract.

Explanation:

The contract between Oswald and Albert is not void, but rather continues to remain valid. This is because at the time of making the contract, Oswald was a minor and therefore lacked the legal capacity to enter into a binding contract. However, once Oswald turned eighteen, he gained the capacity to enter into a contract as an adult.

Therefore, Oswald can choose to enforce the contract and pick up the motorcycle next week.

To establish a prima facie case of discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, a plaintiff must show that discriminatory intent motivated an employer's decision.
True / False.

Answers

Answer:

False.

Explanation:

In order to make sure that people with disabilities in the United States of America are given equal rights as the same with others that are not disabled, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 of United States of America was made to establish this.

As used in the question above, prima facie simply means an established evidence. In order for the plaintiff toestablish a prima facie case of discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the plaintiff must proof that he or she has disability and has suffered being discriminated against because of that disability. Also, the plaintiff has to prove that he or she is a member of a protected class.

Explain how the Texas oil industry has had both positive and negative influences on the state of Texas.

Answers

Answer:

The oil is a main resource in Texas, it helps us fuel our cars make products and advance further, but the cons of oil are pretty bad, for example the pollution to groundwater and just pollution in general oil leaks and more.  

Answer:

The oil is a main resource in Texas, it helps us fuel our cars make products and advance further, but the cons of oil are pretty bad, for example the pollution to groundwater and just pollution in general oil leaks and more.

Explanation:

From the time she was old enough to talk, Rachel was told by her parents how wonderful it would be for her to become a teacher. Rachel got a teaching degree because it had always been expected of her, but she has never explored any other career options. Rachel's identity status would be described by Marcia as: a.identity achievement. b.identity diffusion. c.moratorium. d.foreclosure.

Answers

Answer:

d.foreclosure.            

Explanation:

Identity foreclosure: In psychology, the term "identity foreclosure" is described as one of the different identity stages and is referred as "self-identity discovery" stage whereby a person possesses an identity yet hasn't explored some other ideas or options. Identity foreclosure is most commonly found in "young adolescents" and they have adopted only qualities and traits of friends and parents.  

In the question above, the given statement represents that Rachel's identity status would be described by Marcia as a foreclosure.  

The employees at a factory were excellent workers until a week before Christmas when a rumor spread that economic conditions would force the plant to close in four days. The quality and quantity of work took a downturn as the workers spent time discussing among themselves the plausibility of the rumor and what they would do if it were true. Maslow would say that these workers were motivated bya. meta-needs.b. intrinsic motivation.c. esteem and self-esteem.d. safety and security.

Answers

Answer:

safety and security                                                    

Explanation:

Safety and security needs: In psychology, the term "safety and security needs" is considered as one of the different stages or levels of needs in the hierarchy of needs theory which was proposed by a psychologist named Abraham Maslow.

According to him, safety and security needs are the second stage needs in an individual's life in which he or she wants to keep oneself or family safe and secure from any harm. It involves job security, shelter, and safe environments.

In the question above, the given statement represents safety and security needs.

Many sociologists in the 1960s noticed that economic obstacles alone were not sufficient to explain disparities in the educational attainment of children from different social classes. Which concept was designed to explain these disparities?

Answers

Answer:

cultural capital

Explanation:

The concept, cultural capital was designed to explain disparities in the educational attainment of children from different social classes in the 1960s. With regards to educational performance, cultural capital refers to the essential knowledge that children need to prepare them for their future success. It is about giving children the best possible start to their early education. This can contribute to the disparity noticed in educational attainment of children from different social class as in children from a higher social level tend to have a better educational foundation compared to those from the the low income class.

Answer:

cultural capital

Explanation:

Cultural capital is a collection of knowledge, behaviors, and skills that a person can tap into to exhibit one's cultural competence and social status. Cultural capital is having assets that give us social mobility. The assets can be  tangible or/and intangible. They are not related to  any financial measure. Cultural capital falls into three categories: institutionalized (education or specialized knowledge), embodied (personality, speech, skills), and objectified (clothes or other belongings).

Which patriot was famous for his belief that "under the law of nature, all men are born free"? (A) Abraham Lincoln (B) Thomas Jefferson (C) George Washington (D) Benjamin Franklin

Answers

The answer is B thomas jefferson

Final answer:

Thomas Jefferson is the patriot known for believing that all men are born free under the law of nature, illustrated by his authorship of the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom and the Declaration of Independence.

Explanation:

The patriot famous for his belief that "under the law of nature, all men are born free" is Thomas Jefferson. He was a proponent of Enlightenment values and drafted the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom. Jefferson also penned the Declaration of Independence, embracing the philosophy that all people are born with inalienable rights that governments are created to protect. Despite the paradox of him owning slaves, Jefferson's ideals on liberty and freedom have significantly shaped American political thought and practice.

The United States' War on Drugs targets the _______________.
A. governemnt
B. supplier
C. military
D. users

Answers

Answer:

i think B

Explanation:

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to reject which of the following as appropriate for the study of psychology?

Answers

Answer:

introspection            

Explanation:

Introspection: In psychology, the term "introspection" was proposed by a psychologist named Wilhelm Wundt and is described as a phenomenon through which an individual tends to examine his or her own conscious feelings and thoughts. However, the methodology of introspection is entirely dependent on the self-observation process of one's own thoughts and mental states.

In the question above, the given statement represents introspection.

According to a threshold model of memory, a memory trace is said to be retrieved when it exceeds a certain threshold level of activation. In this view, the rate of correctly retrieving an appropriate memory trace is expressed as __________.

Answers

Answer:

Probability

Explanation:

According to a threshold model of memory, a memory trace is said to be retrieved when it exceeds a certain threshold level of activation. In this view, the rate of correctly retrieving an appropriate memory trace is expressed as probability.

Answer:

Probability

Explanation:

the articles of partnership should specify
1. name, location, and nature of the business.
2 name investment and duties of each partner
3. procedures for admitting a new partner
4. method of sharing profits and losses among the partners
5. withdrawals of assets but the partners
6. procedures for settling up with a partner who withdraws from the firm
7. procedures for liquidating the partnership-selling the assets, paying the liabilities and giving any remaining cash to the partners.

Answers

Answer:

All

Explanation:

Articles of partnership is known as a contract that forms an agreement between business partners. It serves as a rule book that shows the conditions by which each party enters into partnership.

Since it clarifies the terms of the relationship to be built and how the assets of their partnership can be shared, possible disputes that could arise are rightly prevented.

If you decided that you could never get into a good school and therefore could never get a good paying legitimate job, you might decide to sell crack cocaine instead as a way to make good money. According to Robert Merton, what sort of deviant would you be

Answers

Answer:

An innovator

Explanation: An innovator is someone who has embraced his or her own idea and creates environments in which such idea will flourish to challenge the status quo, push boundaries and achieve growth even with such idea.

An individual selling crack cocaine due to an inability to achieve financial success through legitimate means would be considered an Innovator in Robert Merton's strain theory, as they embrace societal goals but use deviant means to achieve them.

According to sociologist Robert Merton's strain theory, individuals in society may engage in deviant behavior when they cannot achieve culturally approved goals through legitimate institutionalized means. In the scenario provided, where a person decides to sell crack cocaine as a means to achieve financial success, Merton would classify this individual as an Innovator. Innovators accept societal goals but reject the socially acceptable means of achieving them, resorting instead to unconventional or criminal means in their pursuit of goals like wealth and success.

The assumption that desirable behaviors that are rewarded immediately and systematically will increase and undesirable behaviors that are not rewarded or are punished will diminish or be extinguished is known as:A)therapeutic communitiesB)cognitive therapyC)behavior therapyD)none of these choices

Answers

Answer:

D)none of these choices

Explanation:

A situation analysis is a form of ________ undertaken to gather background information and data that may be helpful in properly defining the problem decision. Group of answer choices informal research descriptive research exploratory research causal research

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer to the following question will be "Exploratory research".

Explanation:

Exploratory research seems to be conducted on topics that haven't been addressed explicitly but there isn't much evidence as well as information released on something like that.

A circumstance review seems to be a type of such research being conducted to gather context data that might be useful in accurately identifying the determination of that same issue.The aim of implementing exploratory research would be to better understand that same issue so there is no guarantee that almost any definitive results will be obtained from the study.

Final answer:

A situation analysis is a form of exploratory research aimed at collecting background information to define a problem decision. It involves assessing the current situation, the desired outcome, and identifying obstacles by using various data collection methods.

Explanation:

A situation analysis is a form of exploratory research undertaken to gather background information and data that may be helpful in properly defining the problem decision. This process involves compiling information on characteristics related to the specific situation, creating a broader context for more in-depth analysis that will follow. A situation analysis assesses the current state, the goal or more desirable situation, and identifies obstacles in the way.

During this stage, group members share what they know about the current situation without proposing solutions or evaluating the information. This may include a range of data collection methods such as interviews, focus groups, surveys, and secondary analysis of existing data. All of this is integral to forming a comprehensive understanding of the circumstances surrounding a problem.

In the case of a group formed to investigate ethical violations by city officials, they might collect data through multiple methods including interviews, observations, prerecorded documents, and secondary data. The information gathered would help in composing a problem statement that clearly summarizes the issue at hand without suggesting potential solutions.

Chin-Mae belongs to a culture that values the subordination of individuals to the group. The national culture also values personal stability and doesn't focus on the future. According to Hofstede, what is true about Chin-Mae's culture?A. It is high on collectivism and has a short-term orientation.B. It is low on collectivism and has a short-term orientation.C. It is high on individualism and has a long-term orientation.D. It is high on individualism and has a short-term orientation.E. It is low on collectivism and has a long-term orientation.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is A. It is high on collectivism and has a short-term orientation.

Explanation:

Chin-Mae belongs to a culture that values the subordination of individuals to the group. The national culture also values personal stability and doesn't focus on the future. According to Hofstede, CHIN-MAE'S CULTURE IS HIGH ON COLLECTIVISM AND HAS A SHORT-TERM ORIENTATION

Michael fails to present his science project on time. He informs his teacher that it was because his younger brother had destroyed it while playing. However, when his friend, James, forgets to get his project, Michael quickly assumes that James was lazy to do his project. In the context of social perception, Michael is demonstrating the:

Answers

Answer:The actor-observer-bias

Explanation:The actor-observer bias refers to a social perception in which a person tends to attribute their own behavior or actions to external causes however attributing other people's behavior to internal factors i.e Michael attribute his failure to submit assignment as due to his young brother destroying it however he attributes James behavior of not submitting an assignment as due to being lazy.

Answer:

Actor observer effect

Explanation:

Michael is clearly demonstrating the Actor-observer effect of social perception.

When we say, "Actor-observer effect", we simply make reference to the tendency to relate a person's personal behaviours or actions to causes that are external and beyond control while at the same time connecting or relating other people's actions to causes that are internal. The term explains that a lot of persons try to assume or attribute certain things depending on who is involved at that very circumstance.

It is important to note that the Actor-observer bias always seem to come into effect more when the circumstances aren't too favourable. A person will likely result to apportioning blames when situations do not go well with him or her but will almost certainly with the same breath blame another person if the same fate befalls the person.

While hiking with a friend in the Mojave desert Lonny comes face-to-face with a rattlesnake on the trail. Lonny rapidly enters the first stage of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome. His brainstem initiates the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which increases his vigilance and fear. This is part of his ____.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer to the following question will be "Physical response".

Explanation:

PR (Physical Response) seems to be a form of literacy and numeracy based on expression as well as active communication, it aims to convey languages throughout physical exercise.As just the field of communication-teaching moves toward education to ability, we can already see it would be one of the key approaches that ignited many other improvements to how we traditionally learn the terminology.

So that the given scenario is the part of someone's physical response.

As Barbara moves into adolescence, her relationship with her mother and father changes. She is becoming less dependent on them and more dependent on herself. She also realizes that her parents are not always right. Which type of autonomy is Barbara expressing?

Answers

Answer: Emotional autonomy

Explanation:

Emotional autonomy is the autonomy which is based upon emotional dealing tat is done independently in life by a person. It show that person does not depend on others and persist control over management and taking decision of life significantly .

According to the question,Barbara is displaying emotional autonomy as she is  able to make decision on her own about right and wrong.She is becoming independently and showing less dependency on parents .

The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) are all examples of -

a
Government agencies that own all of the private businesses in the U.S.
b
Government agencies that take businesses ownership away from the people.
c
Government agencies that control all of the services in the U.S.
d
Government agencies that protect against the dangers of a pure market system.

Answers

The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

(d  ) Government agencies that protect against the dangers of a pure market system.

Explanation:

The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is an department  of the United States government that protects the consumers against the injuries caused due to the usage of wrong product. It develops product standards.

The Environmental Protection Agency is that department of US government that works for the protection of the environment.

The Federal Communications Commission is that department  of the United States government that controls the communications  through various medium like  radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across

Thus we can say that The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

(d  ) Government agencies that protect against the dangers of a pure market system.

Jeff can think in images and symbols, has acquired basic language skills, and has an "intuitive" intelligence. He has yet to appreciate that certain aspects of objects remain unchanged despite changes in their appearance. Piaget would contend that Jeff is at the __________ stage of development.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer to the following question will be "Preoperational".

Explanation:

The preoperative or preoperational stage seems to be the second phase of cognitive development philosophy by Piaget.This phase starts about the age of two and will last until about 7 years old. Infants are considered on some kind of abstract level throughout this time but were not using conceptual actions yet.

So that, in the given scenario Piaget will also argue that Jeff would be in the developmental preoperative stage.

Sara was out of work for 9 months before being hired by Midwest Medical Supplies. Midwest has treated Sara well, gave her a raise during a time in which the company was losing money, and sent her to several expensive training programs to help her career. Sara has been offered a job at a competitor that would increase her salary by $10,000. Though accepting the new job would seem to be an easy decision to make Sara feels obligated to stay and should remain with Midwest. Her commitment to Midwest is a good example of what type of organizational commitment?

Answers

Answer: Normative commitment

Explanation: Commitment could simply be defined as a state or level of dedication or immersion towards a particular cause. Organizational commitment refers to an employees level of dedication to his organization. However, organizational commitment varies and are caused due to various reasons. The type of organizational commitment exhibited by Sarah is the normative commitment whereby an employees feels that he or she owes the organization. When an employee feels that being committed to the organization is the right thing to do usually due to the good treatment and favor the organization has done for such employee. This is different from being continuance commitment resulting from fear or affectionate commitment which result from love or attachment to the organization.

When your manager increases your job content by giving you more responsibility for planning and evaluating duties, which job design approach is being used? Job enrichment Job rotation Process reengineering Job simplification Job enlargement

Answers

Answer: Job enrichment

Explanation:

Job enrichment is the motivation technique that helps an employee of organization achieve satisfaction .Challenging and interesting task are assigned to employees so that it can give them more pay and increase skills.

According to the question,manager giving more responsibilities and task to employees,he is using job enrichment to increase interest and motivation employees.

Other options are incorrect because job simplification,job enlargement, job rotation and process engineering are to being used .Thus, the correct option is job enrichment

Which of the following was NOT reaffirmed at the Council of Trent?
(A) the effectiveness of indulgences for souls in purgatory
(B) the importance of images in the church to teach the doctrines of the church and to deepen people’s faith
(C) the ancient practice of adult baptism
(D)the need for Church tradition and teaching in addition to the scriptures
(E) that good works in addition to faith can help to secure a place in heaven

Answers

Final answer:

The option that was NOT reaffirmed at the Council of Trent is (C) the ancient practice of adult baptism. The Council focused on affirming Catholic doctrines that directly contested Reformation principles, except for the practice of adult baptism.

Explanation:

The student asked which of the following was NOT reaffirmed at the Council of Trent:

(A) the effectiveness of indulgences for souls in purgatory

(B) the importance of images in the church to teach the doctrines of the church and to deepen people’s faith

(C) the ancient practice of adult baptism

(D) the need for Church tradition and teaching in addition to the scriptures

(E) that good works in addition to faith can help to secure a place in heaven

The Council of Trent was a significant event that shaped Catholic doctrine in response to Protestant Reformation movements. The Council reaffirmed many Catholic beliefs which directly contested Reformation principles set forth by figures like Martin Luther.

The option that was NOT reaffirmed by the Council of Trent is (C) the ancient practice of adult baptism. The Council primarily focused on affirming the seven sacraments, the use of religious art and images, the doctrine of transubstantiation, Purgatory, the existence and appropriate use of indulgences, and the importance of both scripture and Church tradition, alongside the necessity of good works for salvation.

Fact Pattern 42-2A. Dhani, an accountant for Eureka, Inc., learns of undisclosed company plans to market a new laptop. Dhani buys 1,000 shares of Eureka stock. He reveals the company plans to Fay, who buys 500 shares. Fay tells Geoff, who tells Hu, each of whom buy 100 shares. They knows that Fay got her information from Dhani. When Eureka publicly announces its new laptop, Dhani, Fay, Geoff, and Hu sell their stock for a profit.

Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Fay is most likely
liable for INSIDER TRADING.
criminal
not liable

Answers

Answer:

The answer is that Fay is most likely  liable for INSIDER TRADING.

Explanation:

Insider trading which is the unfair advantage someone has over others in the purchase of a given securities in the stock market.

This illigal practice affords the individual the opportunity to purchase stocks at a cheaper rate while selling it off at a higher rate after it must have gone public.

In the case of Fay, he is likely liable for insider trading as a result of the prior information he got from Dhani.

Your accusation that I am verbose, voluble, long-winded, and loquacious is completely unfounded. I've never uttered a sentence in my life that contained more than twelve words. - The previous argument provides an example of___.

Answers

Answer:

inconsistency

Explanation:

In argument or logic, inconsistency often referred as internal contradiction or logical inconsistency is a term of a fallacious argument, whereby  two or more propositions are asserted that cannot both possibly be true.

Hence, in this case, being described as voluble, verbose, long winded and loquacious is contradictory to being described as an individual who has never utter more than twelve words sentence before.

Therefore the argument is rather considered as Inconsistency

How did Gorbachev’s Glasnost and Perestroika impact the power and control of the Soviet Union? ​

Answers

Answer:Perestroika allowed more independent actions from various ministries and introduced many market-like reforms. Perestroika and its associated structural ailments have been cited as major catalysts leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Glasnost was taken to mean increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union (USSR). Glasnost apparently reflected a commitment to getting Soviet citizens to discuss publicly the problems of their system and seek solutions.

Explanation:

In the former Soviet Union, glasnost sparked uprisings, but perestroika brought about economic chaos. The Perestroika enacted numerous market-like changes and gave various ministries more freedom to act independently.

What is Perestroika?

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union underwent political transformation during the Perestroika movement. The Perestroika began in 1985 and ended in 1991. a Mikhail Gorbachev-initiated policy that involves changing the social and economic structure of communist Russia to one based on the market.

Glasnost was interpreted to signify greater openness and transparency in governmental institutions and operations in the Soviet Union (USSR), and Perestroika and its accompanying structural problems have been identified as important catalysts contributing to the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

As a result, the conclusion of the Gorbachev’s Glasnost and Perestroika are the aforementioned.

Learn more about on Perestroika, here:

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In a conditioned emotional response (CER) study, a tone is paired with a foot shock for a rat. After several trials, the tone alone is a CS that can elicit fear emotional responses. Which of the following is true of the anatomy of this fear response? a. The central nucleus of the amygdala integrates the pairing of tone and shock information. b. Tone information is relayed directly to the central nucleus of the amygdala. c. The lateral nucleus of the amygdala integrates the pairing of tone and shock information. d. Damage to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala impairs perceptual learning, but not CER learning. e. Damage to the central nucleus of the amygdala impairs perceptual learning, but not CER learning.

Answers

Answer:

A. The central nucleus of the amygdala integrates the pairing of tone and shock information

Explanation:

The anatomy of this fear response is The central nucleus of the amygdala integrates the pairing of tone and shock information

A conditioned emotional response (CER) can be refer to as an emotional response that has been classically conditioned to react to neutral stimulus.

Conditioned emotional response (CER) are mostly negative responses such as fear, anxiety and emotional reaction of occurrence.

B.F Skinner and William Kaye Estes were the first to make use of the words Conditioned emotional response (CER) in the year 1941 and the response was first demonstrated with rats.

Researchers (Davidson & Jaccard, 1979) studied the relationship between women's attitudes and their use of the birth control pill. They found that the best predictor of whether women were using the birth control pill two years after reporting their attitudes was the women's ________.

Answers

Answer:

Attitude toward using birth control pills during the two-year period.

Explanation:

Researchers (Davidson & Jaccard, 1979) discovered that the best way predict whether women were using the birth control pill two years after reporting their attitudes was the women's Attitude toward using birth control pills during the two-year period.

Researchers (Davidson & Jaccard, 1979) carried out a study which deals with the attitudes and behaviors in respect of birth control. This was carried out by measuring the attitudes of two hundred and fourth four women towards controlling of birth, birth control pills, usage of birth control pills and using of birth control pills in the next two years.

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