In addition to oxygen and carbon dioxide, the circulatory system is the primary delivery system for?
Given what you know about these two strains of yeast, what role does a cell's ability to repair dna play in how well it tolerates exposure to sunlight?
Final answer:
A cell's ability to repair DNA is essential for its tolerance to sunlight exposure. Cells with efficient DNA repair mechanisms can quickly fix DNA damage caused by sunlight, while cells with impaired repair abilities are more susceptible to the harmful effects of sunlight. Studies on yeast strains lacking DNA repair genes show higher mutation rates and reduced viability after sunlight exposure.
Explanation:
The ability of a cell to repair DNA plays a crucial role in how well it tolerates exposure to sunlight. When cells are exposed to sunlight, the high-energy UV radiation can cause damage to their DNA. Cells with efficient DNA repair mechanisms can quickly detect and repair this damage, minimizing its negative effects. In contrast, cells with impaired DNA repair abilities will experience accumulative DNA damage over time, making them more susceptible to the harmful effects of sunlight exposure.
For example, in the case of yeast, the ability of a cell to repair DNA can impact its survival and growth after exposure to sunlight. Studies have shown that yeast strains lacking certain DNA repair genes, such as photolyase, exhibit higher mutation rates and reduced viability after exposure to bright sunlight. These strains are less able to repair DNA damage caused by UV radiation, leading to the accumulation of genetic mutations and decreased survival.
Overall, a cell's ability to repair DNA is crucial for its tolerance to sunlight exposure. Efficient DNA repair mechanisms help maintain genome integrity and protect cells from the harmful effects of DNA damage induced by sunlight.
An increase in the nfp would result in a(n) _______________ in the gfr.
The increase in the NFP would result in an increase in the GFR.
NFP stands for Net Filtration Pressure and GFR stands for Glomerular Filtration Rate. The two quantities are associated with the process of blood filtration and urination process in the kidney. When the blood vessels leading to the kidney expand and the blood vessels leading out of the kidney shrink, it leads to the build up of the GFR in glomerulus. This leads to the increase in the process of the blood filtration and thus increases the NFP.
Rna plays important roles in many cellular processes, particularly those associated with protein synthesis: transcription, rna processing, and translation. drag the labels to the appropriate bins to identify the step in protein synthesis where each type of rna first plays a role. if an rna does not play a role in protein synthesis, drag it to the "not used in protein synthesis" bin. view available hint(s)
The three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). They play roles in transcription, RNA processing, and translation, respectively. Other types of RNA, like microRNAs and small interfering RNAs, do not have a direct role in protein synthesis.
Transcription: During transcription, a type of RNA called messenger RNA (mRNA) plays a role. mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes.
RNA processing: Another type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) first plays a role during RNA processing. tRNA transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes during translation.
Translation: The third type of RNA involved in protein synthesis is ribosomal RNA (rRNA). rRNA is a component of the ribosomes, where translation takes place.
Not used in protein synthesis: Regulatory RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), do not play a direct role in protein synthesis but regulate gene expression.
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How are ingenious rocks formed
In a male plant of a dioecious species, which set of homeotic genes is likely never expressed?
Which of the following is NOT a characterisitic of all plants? a They produce seeds b They have cell walls of cellulose c They are eukaryotic d They are multicellular
Which property of water helps support life in this harsh Arctic environment?
The icy waters of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans sustenance a great amount of marine life. For millions of years, life has remained unchanged, making it possible for these animals to adapt themselves to these particular patterns of existence. Due to water's cohesiveness, water's polarity enticed to other water molecules. The hydrogen bonds in water grasp other water molecules unruffled. Also the Cohesion or known as water's attraction to other water molecules is one of the major properties of water.
In a nuclear fusion reaction, the mass of the products is less than the mass of the reactants. What happens to this "missing mass"? A. It turns into matter. B. It turns into energy. C. It turns into antimatter. D. It turns into matter and antimatter.
Answer: Option B; it turns into energy
In a nuclear fusion reaction, two reactants combine, and form new products. But the mass of the products is less than total mass of the reactants. This is because a part of mass is lost as energy. This can be seen in an example shown below. You can see that mass is of the products is less than that of the reactants.
Part a the presence of a mutant lac repressor that could not bind lactose would result in _______ transcription even when lactose was present because the mutant repressor would remain bound to the lac __________ see section 18.3 (page 373) . view available hint(s) the presence of a mutant lac repressor that could not bind lactose would result in _______ transcription even when lactose was present because the mutant repressor would remain bound to the lac __________ see section 18.3 (page 373) . no; operator lots of; operator lots of; promoter no; promoter
The presence of a mutant lac repressor that could not bind lactose would result in no transcription even when lactose was present because the mutant repressor would remain bound to the lac operator.
Further Explanation:
When lactose is unavailable, the repressor molecule binds to the DNA and prevents transcription of the genes. Therefore, the enzyme that is required for the lactose metabolism will not be produced. Comparatively, in the presence of lactose, the repressor molecule will bind to inducer (allolactose), which prevents binding of the repressor to DNA results in transcription of a gene. Enzymes accountable for the lactose metabolism will be produced. The mutated repressor molecule, which prevents binding to DNA, will result in the production of enzymes all the time, irrespective of the presence or absence of lactose. Genes responsible for the metabolism of lactose will be expressed all the time. If a mutation occurs in the repressor, it will prevent inducer binding. The repressor molecule will bind then to DNA permanently and blocks the activity of RNA polymerase. This results in no transcription and translation of operon. Presence of a mutated operator that does not allow the binding of a repressor would cause constitutive expression of the operon.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subjects: Biology
Chapter: Genetics
Keywords:
Lactose, metabolism, genes, produce, DNA, allolactose, repressor, transcription, repressor, operon, binding, enzyme, absence.
The term _________ represents a predictive theory of how a species might change with time. the term ________ assumes that nature can create whole new structures and organisms simply be environmental constraint.
Gradualism and punctuated equilibrium are two theories that explain how species might evolve over time. Gradualism suggests continuous slow change, while punctuated equilibrium points to long periods of stability followed by rapid changes. Both are vital in understanding the complexity of evolutionary processes in biology.
Explanation:The term gradualism represents a predictive theory of how a species might change over time. This theory proposes that change occurs continuously and slowly over long periods. On the other hand, the term "assumes that nature can create whole new structures and organisms simply by environmental constraint" is likely referring to the concept of saltation or punctuated equilibrium, which suggests that species remain constant for long periods and that change, when it occurs, is rapid and significant. It's important to note that gradualism and punctuated equilibrium are two theories of evolutionary change that continue to be debated within the scientific community.
Contemporary biological anthropologists use an evolutionary perspective to understand the diversity of life through natural selection. These principles are instrumental in understanding why certain traits prevail over time. The ongoing evolution includes processes like mutation, natural selection, and speciation. The classical view of gradualism contends that species undergo continuous adaptation, but the punctuated equilibria view introduced by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge provides an alternative model where species experience long periods of stability (equilibria) interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolution (punctuated).
Adaptationism allows us to understand how traits contributing to survival and reproduction become predominant within a population, which is a fundamental concept of natural selection. It is important to recognize that evolutionary theory isn't fixed, as it continues to develop with new technologies and cultural shifts, which might lead to a broader understanding of evolutionary forces beyond the classic model.
In my research, i found that the levels of "gonadotropins" in the body are critical to understanding how the drugs clomid and ortho tri-cyclen work. what are gonadotropins? what structure releases them? (2)
Answer:
Gonadotropins are polypeptide hormones and are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
Explanation:
Hypothalamus releases GnRH i.e gonadotropin releasing hormone which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete gonadotrophs such as FSH, ICSH and LH.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone): In males it stimulates spermatogenesis. In females it stimulates growth of ovarian follicles.
ICSH (Interstitial cell stimulating hormone): In males, secretion of testosterone.
LH (Luteinising hormone): In femalestogether with FSH, it triggers ovulation, stimulates conversion of broken ovarian follicle into corpus luteum.
I believe the gonadotropins are hormones secreted by the gonads and are released by the testes and ovaries.
Explanation:Gonadotropins are a group of hormones secreted by the female and male reproductive system. The organs that produce are Testes and Ovaries. The hormones are released due to action of another polypetide hormone called the gonadotropin releasing hormone that stimulates the male gonads (testis) to produce the steroid hormone called testosterone and the female gonads (ovaries) to produce estrogen.
Further Explanation:All the gonadotropin hormones are steroid in nature and they are lipophilic hence they can pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and cause a change in the gene expression inside the nucleus of the target cell. Control of these hormones is via the Hypothalamus Pituitary Gonadal (HPG) axis and the Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis. The steroid hormone testosterone can also be produced by the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland in the topmost layer called the zona glomerulosa. The drugs clomid and ortho tri-cyclen target the these to axes in order to produce the desired response.
Clomid acts on the female HPG axis by acting on specific estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus where it has a negative feedback mechanism on the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone thus impacting the production of gonadotropic hormones through upregulation.
ortho tri-cyclen is an oral contraceptive that inhibits ovuating by acting on the female HPG axis where it has a negative feedback mechanism on the hormone Follicle Stimulating Hormone. It inhibits the FSH hormone production in the anterior pituitary gland meaning there will be no maturation of the ovarian follicle into the graafian follicle which will produce the hormone estrogen necessary for the thickening of the endometrial layer of the uterus. Inhibitin estrogen production also means that it will prevent the cervical mucus from becoming thin in order to allow the passage of sperms during sexual intercourse.
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Level: High School
Subject: Biology
Topic: Reproduction
What causes density currents to form in the Mediterranean Sea?
(A)condensation
(B)transpiration
(C)upwelling
(D) evaporation
What role do hydrogen bonds play in the dna molecule?
Final answer:
Hydrogen bonds within the DNA molecule stabilize its double helix structure, facilitate genetic fidelity, and allow for DNA replication and transcription by easily 'unzipping' due to their relative weakness compared to covalent bonds. These bonds are crucial for the DNA's stable yet flexible structure.
Explanation:
The hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in the structure and function of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). According to the Watson-Crick model, DNA's double helix structure is primarily stabilized by the hydrogen bonds that form between the base pairs on the opposing strands. These hydrogen bonds occur between the nitrogenous bases of nucleotides: adenine pairs with thymine through two hydrogen bonds, while cytosine pairs with guanine through three hydrogen bonds. The precise alignment and pairing ensure the double helix's stability and play a significant role in genetic fidelity during DNA replication and transcription.
Hydrogen bonds are not exclusive to interactions between DNA strands. They can also occur within a single large biomolecule, affecting the three-dimensional structure and function of proteins. It's important to note that, while strong in their cumulative effect, individual hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds. This relative weakness allows the two DNA strands to “unzip” easily during the replication process, enabling each strand to serve as a template for creating a new complementary strand.
The hydrogen bonds, along with van der Waals interactions, contribute to the DNA's shape and structure, which is essential for its function in living organisms. The cumulative effect of millions of hydrogen bonds holding the DNA strands together is integral for the molecule's stability, yet it still allows for the necessary flexibility for replication and transcription processes that are vital for life.
The result of the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis is the generation of which two energy-rich molecules?
Every individual, including young people, can make decisions to use resources wisely. Use the terms reduce, reuse, and recycle to explain how the students in the image above can help minimize solid waste.
Answer:
3R's i.e reduce, reuse, and recycle can help the solve the problem os solid waste
Explanation:
All solid waste that is generated at a city level can be dealt with the utilization of concept of three R’s.
First R is the reduction of waste generation; All individuals must try to reduce the waste generated at his/her level so that the total quantum of waste get reduced.
Second R stands for Reuse. All individuals must try to use the item again and again if it is in condition of being reused such as plastic containers, bottles etc.
Third R stands for Recycle. All the waste that can be recycled must be recycled so that it can be reused again without producing new items that further adds to the total waste generated.
A heavier person will have a lower bal level due to a greater amount of ____ in their body
In living things, hydrolysis reactions result in the formation of
Hydrolysis reactions in living things result in the formation of simpler molecules through the addition of water.
Hydrolysis reactions, in living things, result in the formation of simpler molecules through the addition of water. This process is important for breaking down complex molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids into their individual building blocks. For example, a hydrolysis reaction involves the breaking of a peptide bond in a protein, resulting in the formation of amino acids.
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Which of the following is an example of a nonspecific immune response?
A.
The receptors of a B lymphocyte bind to an antigen.
B.
A T lymphocyte attacks and destroys a cancer cell.
C.
A plasma cell releases antibodies.
D.
A macrophage engulfs invading bacteria.
Answer:
A macrophage engulfs invading bacteria.
Explanation:
A nonspecific immune response is the body's first line of defense against invaders. It is a general immune response that requires no prior memory of the pathogen. A macrophage engulfing invading bacteria is an example of a nonspecific immune response.
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Toddlers should consume ________ milligrams of calcium per day.
The answer is 700 milligrams needed toddlers should consume per day. Children need enough calcium to support their growing bones and teeth. Calcium is one of the body's most essential minerals and also has other necessary roles to play, including supporting a healthy nervous system and muscle function.
The major form of fat in both food and the body is
Which would have the GREATEST effect on the rate of photosynthesis in a plant?
Answer: Low level of carbon dioxide, low temperature due to lack of sunlight will affect the process of photosynthesis.
Explanation:
The photosynthesis can be defined as the process by which autotrophs make their own food in the presence of sunlight with the help of carbon dioxide, water and other nutrients presents in soil.
If there will be inadequate amount of sunlight, or low level of carbon dioxide then the rate of photosynthesis will decrease.
Which other system in the body works closely with the kidneys to regulate arterial blood ph?
A one-way relationship in which one species benefits and directly hurts the other is called
Removing which of the following parts would cause the plant to starve? Leaves Branches Stems Roots
Final answer:
Removing leaves from a plant would cause it to starve due to the lack of photosynthesis. If roots are damaged or die, the plant cannot absorb water and minerals and will likely perish. Girdling interrupts the flow of nutrients, not water, but still leads to the eventual death of the plant.
Explanation:
Removing leaves from a plant would cause it to starve. Leaves are essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which is a source of food for the plant. Without leaves, a plant cannot perform photosynthesis, leading to a lack of energy and eventual starvation.
If an herbicide causes roots to shrivel and die, the most direct consequence for the plant is that it would not be able to absorb water and minerals from the soil. Roots are vital for the uptake of these essential nutrients, and without functional roots, the plant would be unable to maintain necessary life processes and would likely die.
Effect of Girdling on Plants
Girdling a plant, which involves removing a band of bark from around the trunk, interrupts the downward flow of nutrients through the phloem but not the upward flow of water through the xylem. While the foliage does not initially wilt, the entire plant, including the roots, will eventually die because they cannot receive food manufactured by the leaves.
Animals have a great variety of internal structures that define the way they live. For example, a bear has lungs to help it get oxygen to all of its cells. What does a fish have that serves the same function? A. scales B. gills C. fins D. lungs
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A _____ locates all or most of the processing logic on the server. select one:
a. thin client
b. portal client
c. batch client
d. topological client
You have just purchased a hamburger at toady loady's hamburger stand. you get ready to eat it and notice that the meat is red-almost raw. you take the hamburger back to get a well-cooked hamburger due to your concern about which organism that is commonly associated with undercooked meat? staphlococcus aureus giardia lambia e-coli clostridium botulinum
The peppered moth comes in 2 varieties: dark-colored and light-colored. it is preyed upon by birds. suppose that prior to predation the population was 50% dark and 50% light, but after predation the population was 10% dark and 90% light. did evolution occur?
What occurred is known as : Natural selection ( evolution ) i.e True evolution occured
Given that Prior predation both species has the same population i.e 50% each and after predation the dark moth had 10% of the population of moth while the light-colored moth had 90% of the moth population.
We can summarize that the the light colored moth survived the predation because they were better adapted to live and survive predation from birds which is simply a phenomenon known as Natural selection.
Hence we can conclude that a mechanism of evolution ( Natural selection ) occurred.
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What agent of erosion creates a cirque?