Nicotine from cigarette smoke acts as a ligand and associates with specific cells in the nervous system. nicotine eventually produces feelings of pleasure and well-being. below are the events that happen in the cellular response to nicotine. place the events in the correct order to describe the steps in the signaling pathway.
a. the acetylcholine receptor is an ion channel, and, when a ligand binds, the ion channel opens.
b. an influx of ions carries the signal to the reward areas of the brain.
c. nicotine binds to the transmembrane protein that normally binds the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
d. the signal causes release of dopamine in the brain, which causes good feelings.
e. nicotine is quickly eliminated from the body (causing cravings for more cigarettes to produce good feelings). c, d, b, a, e a, d, b, c, e nicotine is quickly eliminated from the body (causing cravings for more cigarettes to produce good feelings). c, a, b, d, e b, a, c, d, e

Answers

Answer 1

The sequence of events is c, a, b, d, e. This defines nicotine dependence /addiction. A person with nicotine dependence cannot stop smoking even when their health deteriorates. Withdrawal symptoms associated with nicotine dependence include; lightheadedness, anxiety, problems focusing, slow pulse, and mood depression.






Answer 2

Nicotine binds to acetylcholine receptors, opens ion channels causing an influx of ions, which leads to dopamine release and pleasurable feelings, and is quickly eliminated causing cravings for more cigarettes.

This detailed answer explains the correct order of events in the cellular response to nicotine in the signaling pathway.

The correct order of events in the cellular response to nicotine in the signaling pathway is:

c. Nicotine binds to the transmembrane protein that normally binds the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.a. The cholinergic receptor functions as an ion channel that opens in response to ligand binding.b. The signal is sent to the brain's reward regions by an influx of ions.d. The signal triggers the brain's dopamine release, which results in positive emotions..e. The body rapidly rids itself of nicotine, which leads to desires for more smokes to feel good.


Related Questions

What type of record contains records from different episodes of care, providers, and facilities that are linked to form a view, over time, of a patient's health care encounters?
a. series record
b. ancillary record
c. hybrid record
d. longitudinal patient record?

Answers

A longitudinal patient record contains records from different episodes of care, providers, and facilities that are linked to form a view, over time, of a patient's health care encounters.

At rest, which of these plays a role in establishing the charge differential across a neuron's plasma membrane? at rest, which of these plays a role in establishing the charge differential across a neuron's plasma membrane? the sodium-potassium pump moving sodium ions into the neuron and potassium ions out of the neuron the diffusion of sodium ions out of the neuron the diffusion of potassium ions into the neuron the sodium-potassium pump moving sodium ions out of the neuron and potassium ions into the neuron the diffusion of sodium ions into the neuron

Answers

The answer would be: The sodium-potassium pump moving sodium ions out of the neuron and potassium ions into the neuron

A cell has resting potential around -70mV that was maintained by a pump. This pump will keep moving sodium ions out of cells, make the cells has less ion and become more negative. This ion also moves the potassium ion into the cells, make the ion more positive. 

Methods of microbial control called ________ arrest the growth of microbes.

Answers

The answer is antisepsis. An example of an antiseptic is sodium hypochlorite. They interfere with bacterial DNA replication or metabolism. Microbial growth can be controlled in other ways such as through sterilization of disinfection, These other methods are bactericidal since they kill the bacteria entirely.






The anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland are regulated by the ____

Answers

Anterior lobe and posterior lobes come together and makeup pituitary gland. Anterior pituitary regulates the physiological process. For example, growth, reproduction, lactation, and stress.In case a person wants to know his or her proper functioning of anterior pituitary and organs are regulating, he or she should ascertain through blood tests which measure hormone levels.Anterior pituitary has three regions.

(i)                  Pars distalis. This is where the production of the bulk of pituitary hormone occurs. It has chromophil cells and chromophobe cells. These cells produce hormone of anterior pituitary which releases them bloodstream.

(ii)                Pars tuberalis. It is extended from pars distalis and forms part of the sheath.

(iii)               Pars intermedia. It stays between posterior pituitary and pars distalis.

The hypothalamus is the regulation of anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary glands. 

Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, around when is it estimated that apes and old world monkeys diverged into separate lineages?
a. 10 mya
b. 25 mya
c. 15 mya
d. 5 mya

Answers

Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, around 25 mya is estimated that apes and old world monkeys diverged into separate lineages.

The round third prong on a grounded plug ______.
a.
creates a short circuit
c.
completes a circuit to power an appliance
b.
melts if the current gets too high
d.
connects to a ground wire

Answers

The round third prong on a grounded plug connects to a ground wire. A cheater plug or a three prong adapter is an adapter that allows a NEMA 5-15P grounding type plug to connect to NEMA 1-15 R non grounding receptable.
The purposes of the third prong is to act as a ground connection to improve safety in the event of either a short circuit within an appliance that otherwise might result in delivering shock to the user, or a surge delivered to the appliance due to lightning or another malfunctioning attached to the prong.

Option d is the correct answer . The round third prong on a grounded plug connects to a ground wire, preventing electric shocks by creating a low-resistance path directly to the earth, keeping the appliance case at zero volts.

The round third prong on a grounded plug serves an important safety function; it does not create a short circuit, melt if the current gets too high, or complete a circuit to power an appliance. Instead, the correct option is that it connects to a ground wire. The grounding prong is particularly crucial in preventing electric shocks in scenarios where the insulation on the live/hot wire is worn and may contact the case of the appliance. This third prong allows the case of the appliance to be connected to earth/ground, creating a low-resistance path directly to the earth, forcing the case to be at zero volts and preventing the user from experiencing a severe shock.

Which is not a way that ancient people classified plants and animals

By using binomial nomenclature

By taste

By use

As beneficial or poisonous

Answers

 The binomial nomenclature system was used to classify animals, but not until the 1700s when it was first formally introduced by Carl Linnaeus. In ancient times, plants and animals were instead usually just classified in terms of whether or not they were useful, or divided animals into categories such as 'domestic animals, wild animals, creeping animals, flying animals, sea animals'.
By using binomial nonmenclature I'm guessing since they are "ancient"

What is the primary cause of the edema that accompanies kwashiorkor?​
a. ​deterioration of the digestive tract lining.
b. ​synthesis of enzymes is reduced.
c. ​albumin concentrations fall and fluid leaks into interstitial spaces.
d. ​lipoprotein synthesis is diminished, causing fat to accumulate.
e. ​protein is lost from the heart muscle, resulting in a weak heartbeat?

Answers

The answer is C. Albumin concentrations fall and fluid leaks into interstitial spaces. Low albumin means low protein concentration and protein is needed to pull the fluid back to osmosis, if there is not enough protein, then it will result to fluid pooling. This pool of fluid is what causes the swelling and distends the abdomen.

According to the article, which animal has suffered a drastic decrease in its population due to overfishing?

Answers

Answer:

sea cucumbers

Explanation:

Answer: Sea cucumbers

Explanation:

A nurse is assigned to conduct an admission assessment on the phone for a pregnant client. which information should the nurse obtain from the client? select all that apply.

Answers

She should ask how far apart are the contractions, has your water broken, etc

An orphaned female lion joins a band of lions. The addition of her genes to their gene pool is ___.

Answers

The addition of her genes to their gene pool is gene flow.

Gene flow is the movement of organisms and /or the transfer of genetic material from one population to another. Genetic flow can bring about genetic variation if gene versions are transferred to a population where those gene versions did not exist before. The rate of gene flow between populations is affected by different factors such as mobility or low dispersal.

Answer: The correct answer is 'gene flow'

An orphaned female lion joins a band of lions. The addition of her genes to their gene pool is gene flow

A place where a bone contacts another bone is called a joint or a(n) ______________.

Answers

It is called a joint. Joints are also called articulations, they are strong connections that join the bones, teeth, and cartilage of the body to one another. Each joint is specialized in its shape and structural components to control the range of motion between the parts that it connects. Joint is usually formed of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage, they may be grouped according to the type of motion: ball and socket joint, hinge joint, condyloid joint, which permits all forms of angular movement except axial rotation, pivot joint, gliding joint, or saddle joint.

When the sun impacts weather, an interaction with the __________ takes place.

Answers

Final answer:

Sun impacts weather through its interaction with the atmosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth, causing day-to-day weather variations and influences what is known as 'space weather'.

Explanation:

When the sun impacts weather, an interaction with the atmosphere and magnetosphere (the zone of magnetic influence that surrounds our planet) takes place. The energy that powers the weather is derived primarily from the sunlight that heats the surface. This energy causes variations in the amount of sunlight striking different parts of Earth, and the atmosphere and oceans redistribute this heat from warmer to cooler areas.

Our understanding of these solar impacts on weather constitutes the field of research known as space weather. When this space weather turns stormy, it can sometimes pose a risk to our technology. As the particles from the solar wind strike molecules of air in our atmosphere, they cause them to glow, producing the mesmerizing natural phenomena known as the northern and southern lights, or auroras.

Learn more about Sun's impact on weather here:

https://brainly.com/question/30022589

#SPJ12

The microscopic components of the parenchyma of the kidney are called

Answers

Well, the parenchyma is the functional tissue of the kidney. The tiny functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Nephrons have individual microscopic components: the glomerulus, the tubule, and collecting. However your question may just want "nephrons."

Topographic highs that separate drainage basins are called ____.

a. drainage divides

b. natural levees

c. distributaries

d. alluvial fans

Answers

Topographic highs that separate drainage basins are called drainage divides.

Dna fingerprinting is based in part on recombinant dna technology and in part on those techniques originally used in medical genetics to detect slight variations in the genomes of different individuals. these techniques are used in forensic pathology to compare specimens from the suspect with those of the forensic specimen. what is being compared when dna fingerprinting is used in forensic pathology?

Answers

DNA markers between a suspect and a crime scene specimen are compared, including DNA minisatellites, short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The total markers that can be compared can number in the thousands, and therefore the chances of DNA fingerprinting identifying the incorrect suspect are negligible.   

A client with malignant hypertension is at risk for a hypertensive crisis, including the cerebral vascular system often causing cerebral edema. the nurse would assess this client for which signs and symptoms?

Answers

The correct answer is "headache and confusion".
The human body has several mechanisms of action in order to protect critical organs from excess blood pressure and flow. When these mechanisms are not successful in protecting the capillaries of the brain, the patient could suffer from cerebral edema (swelling of the brain) and papilledema (swelling of the optic nerve). These conditions could cause severe headache, confusion, motor and sensory problems and visual disturbances.

which is not organic matter?a. soil b. water c. sphagnum moss d. vermiculite

Answers

b. water

i hope this helps

A substance that is dissolved in another substance is which of the following? Saturation
Solubility
Solute
Solvent

Answers

Hello!

A solute is a substance which is dissolved in another substance.

A solvent is the substance in which a solute dissolves.

Answer:
Solute

Answer:

Solute

Explanation:

A solute is a substance that is dissolved in another substance.

The table shows moose populations in Bullwinkle National Park, over a 35 year period. What could have been responsible for the decrease in the moose population in 1990?

Answers

The answer is A, a disease epidemic
The answer is (a disease epidemic)

Explain the differences among an herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, detritivore, and decomposer.

Answers

 Herbivores  grass eater , carnivore only eat meat, omnivore eat grass and meat, decomposer  decompose things 

What is the medical term for swelling with mucus under the skin? lom?

Answers

Hey there :)

It is called myxedema

It is the disposition of mucus polysaccharides in the dermis resulting in swelling of the affected area

Myx (mucus) + edema (swelling)

Which statement correctly describes one way that the properties of water affect heat and temperature? Water retains more heat than other materials, making coastal ecosystems warmer year-round. Water absorbs heat when it freezes, helping to insulate lakes and ponds from cold temperatures. Water absorbs heat when it changes to vapor, helping to keep animals cool through perspiration. Water retains less heat than other materials, keeping aquatic ecosystems cooler than those on land.

Answers

I believe the correct statement is that Water absorbs heat when it changes to vapor, helping to keep animals cool through perspiration. Water has a high heat of vaporization, the amount of energy needed to change one gram of a liquid substance to gas at constant temperature. In humans and other organisms, the evaporation of sweat, which is 90% water, cools the body to maintain a steady temperature.

Answer: Water retains more heat than other materials, making coastal ecosystems warmer year-round.

Explanation:

The water retains more heat than any other material because it has high specific heat. The specific heat can be define as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the substance of 1 gram to 1 degree Celsius. The water has high specific heat which indicates that it takes more heat energy to increase the temperature of water as compared to other substance.

It takes several hours to lower down the temperature of the water. The retain heat in water keeps the coastal ecosystem warm year round which favors the survival of the marine animals even in winters.

What advantage does DNA gain by being double-stranded?

Answers

The advantage of being double stranded in DNA is that double strands makes it much more stable. Having two alleles for one gene gives variation.  Double Stranded DNA can tolerate many risk factors from the homeostasis' processes that is  keeping the cells alive. Double-stranded DNA ensures that the actual genetic information is less likely to react, and it can be opened in the case of replication and transcription.  Another advantage of double strand DNA is the ability of the cell to create a new portion of DNA in case of DNA damage, by using the non-damaged strand.

Which biome provides the best climate for diverse colorful animals?

Answers

The answer to your question would be the biome "Tropical Rainforest".

The hershey-chase experiments on bacteriophages showed that the genetic information is carried in

Answers

The bacteriophage was contained protein and DNA. DNA went into the bacteriophage so it was discovered that genetic material is stored in DNA
Hi, I have a Biology question and would like to get it done tonight, would anyone be able to check it out to see if they can help me?

1 what does it mean when we say a muscle contracts involuntarily? describe one body function that is linked to an involuntary muscle contraction.

Answers

An involuntarily muscle contracts when you don't mean to do it, or you do it without thinking. One body function is the lungs contracting so you can breathe. you don't think about it it just happens. Hope this helped.

What did scientists conclude after discovering bones on the moon?

Answers

Final answer:

Scientists have never discovered bones on the Moon. Research on the Moon primarily addresses its formation, with the Giant Impact Hypothesis being prominent, and studies of moon rocks brought back by astronauts which reshaped our understanding of lunar geology.

Explanation:

Scientists, after discovering bones on the moon, would conclude that the finding was not factual since no such discovery has ever been made. Instead, lunar research has focused on the origin and composition of the Moon itself. The Giant Impact Hypothesis stands out among scientific theories, proposing that the Moon formed from the debris ejected after Earth collided with a Mars-sized body. No evidence of bones has ever been found on the Moon. Inquiries regarding the Moon's formation center around theories such as the fission theory, the sister hypothesis, and the modifications to these hypotheses based on lunar sample analysis. Curiosity in lunar research spiked when astronauts brought back moon rocks for study, which helped determine the Moon's geological history and the impact origin of lunar craters, having a significant role in refuting early volcanic theories.

Which of the following aids in the weathering and transportation of rocks?
A.
wind
B.
clouds
C.
sunlight
D.
all of these

Answers

The answer is A. Wind
Hope this helps. :)
A. Wind because wind can provide possible friction, however small, to the rock, wearing it down. Rock particles can also be carried by the wind. hope this helps!

Which pairings match protozoa with the structures they use to move? amoeba: flagellum; euglena: pseudopod; paramecium: cilia amoeba: pseudopod; euglena: cilia; paramecium: flagellum amoeba: pseudopod; euglena: flagellum; paramecium: cilia amoeba: flagellum; euglena: cilia; paramecium: pseudopod?

Answers

The answer is Amoeba; pseudopod; Euglena; flagellum;  paramecium; cillia.
Protozoan are organism, usually single-celled and heterotrophic belonging to any of the major lineages of protists and, like most protist, protozoa are microscopic. all protozoans are eukaryotes and therefore possess a true or a membrane-bound nucleus. Examples of protozoa include; Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium. They exhibit diverse modes of locomotion across the various groups, but the modes of locomotion can be broadly divided into flagellar, ciliary, and amoeboid movement.

Answer:

1.  Cillia - Paramecium

2. Flagellum - Euglena

3. Pseudopodia- Amoeba

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