Prions were not recognized as infectious agents until the 1980s due to the historical belief that all infectious agents must contain DNA or RNA and the lack of advanced detection methods. Stanley Prusiner's revolutionary research provided the evidence needed to validate prions, earning him a Nobel Prize in 1997.
Prions were not widely known to be infectious agents until the 1980s for two main reasons:
Historical Scientific Beliefs: Historically, scientists believed that any infectious particle must contain DNA or RNA. Prions, being proteinaceous and lacking any nucleic acids, did not fit into the existing understanding of infectious agents. This led to significant skepticism and resistance towards their acceptance as infectious agents.Lack of Detection Methods: Prior to the advancements brought by Stanley Prusiner, the technology and methods to detect and study such unique infectious particles were not as advanced. Prions are smaller than viruses and do not reveal themselves through the traditional methods used for detecting nucleic-acid-containing pathogens.Stanley Prusiner’s pioneering work in the early 1980s provided the needed evidence to validate prions as infectious agents. He discovered that fatal neurodegenerative diseases like scrapie and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) were caused by these acellular proteins, eventually earning him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997.
Which event began the Korean War?
Select one:
a. a preemptive strike against a dictator
b. military aggression by a communist nation
c. a coup against a democratically elected government
d. intervention by an international military force
Final answer:
The Korean War began with North Korea's invasion of South Korea on June 25, 1950, marking an assertive communist effort to reunify Korea which prompted U.S. and UN intervention. Option b is correct.
Explanation:
The event that began the Korean War was military aggression by a communist nation, specifically when North Korean troops, under the command of Kim Il Sung, invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950. This act signified an attempt to reunite Korea under communist rule, and was seen as a test of the United States' policy of containment in Asia, which led to President Truman responding by ordering U.S. forces to support South Korea and soliciting assistance through the United Nations (UN). The UN quickly condemned the invasion and called upon its members to aid South Korea, leading to a multinational force joining the conflict, with the U.S. troops being led by General Douglas MacArthur.
The invasion by North Korea followed the post-World War II division of Korea at the 38th parallel, with the USSR establishing a communist government in the North and the United States aiding in the establishment of a pro-Western government in the South. The conflict symbolized much larger global tensions in the Cold War era, including the domino theory and the fight against the spread of communism.
what does the supremacy clause do
The Supremacy Clause establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the land and the foundation of government.
The Supremacy Clause in the Constitution of the United States establishes that the US Constitution is above any state law enacted or other law that is passed. Any other laws and government actions must be in accordance with the nation's Constitution.
The Supremacy Clause is the second clause of Article VI of the Constitution. It is stated as follows:
This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.Benjamin rush, a physician who also signed the declaration of independence, was the first to:
What axis controlled country was separated from germany by the north sea?
What did gilligan think was the biggest flaw in kohlberg's development theory?
What two events made it possible for Christianity to grow rapidly? Select all that apply.
A. Theodosius I made it the official religion of the Persian Empire.
B.The Edict of Milan came into being.
C.The Roman Empire split.
D.Theodosius I made it the official religion of the Roman Empire.
The correct answers are
C. The Roman Empire split. - When the Roman Empire split the Byzantine Empire defined Christianity the Empire’s official state religion and other religions were banished.
D. Theodosius I made it the official religion of the Roman Empire. - Even though Theodosius I did not punish Hellenistic temples, he banned pagan rituals. This happened after the Council of Nicene
Which general led the Byzantine troops against the vandals and Ostrogoths under the region of emperor Justinian
Why were the city of new orleans and the mississippi river important to farmers in the early 1800s? save your answer?
In which system are all key powers given to the central government? unitary government constitutional government federal government confederate government description?
The Chisholm Trail, Goodnight-Loving Trail, and the Western Trail were all important transportation routes for which industry in Texas?
A.
oil drilling
B.
cotton farming
C.
coal mining
D.
cattle ranching
Europe’s many __________ are widely used for transportation, leisure, and tourism.
Which racial or ethnic group in texas is concentrated in east texas?
Who was the leader of france who decided to sell all of the louisiana territory to the united states?
a. king louis iv
b. george washington
c. napoleon bonaparte?
Answer:
definitly napoleon bonaparte
Explanation:
i am learning about that in my socail studies so i can remember it off of the top of my head
Identify one possible post war consequence of the allied disagreements at yalta and potsdam
solve for y 3y^2-9x=0
Which of the following was one of the economic changes that took place during the commercial revolution in Europe?
A.
The economy became more controlled by the monarchy.
B.
The government became more involved in regulating economic activities.
C.
The use of the barter system became the only legal method of exchange.
D.
The use of money increased, and a system of credit evolved.
Answer:
The use of money increased, and a system of credit evolved.
Explanation:
Because the soil was depleted during the time of the Dust Bowl many people:
Answer:
Moved westward to coastal states, is the right answer.
Explanation:
The Southern Plains experienced severe drought throughout the 1930's. Due to this relentless dust storms occurred that destroyed the ecology and farming of the prairies of America and Canada. Due to such climatic conditions, people and livestock died in Texas, Oklahoma and Nebraska. Since agricultural activities could not take place in such an environment thus people chose to move West in search of better living opportunities in the West Coastal region of the nation.
Which of the following is NOT a strategy by which women's suffrage movements tried to obtain the right to vote?
Question options:
A. agree to limit women's employment opportunities in exchange for suffrage
B. gain voting rights at the state level first and then move on to federal rights
C. bar men from membership in their organization and gain immediate women's suffrage on the federal level
D. utilize radical, non-violent tactics such as hunger strikes and protests
Final answer:
Women's suffrage movements did not agree to limit women's employment opportunities in exchange for suffrage; they used other tactics such as state-level campaigns, non-violent protests, and hunger strikes to fight for voting rights.
Explanation:
The strategy that was NOT used by women's suffrage movements to obtain the right to vote is option A: 'agree to limit women's employment opportunities in exchange for suffrage'. Women's suffrage movements employed a variety of tactics to fight for the right to vote. These included working to gain voting rights at the state level before moving on to the federal level (option B), utilizing radical yet non-violent tactics such as hunger strikes and protests (option D), and having organizations like the Congressional Union focus strictly on achieving immediate federal suffrage (option C). However, there is no historical record of suffrage movements compromising women's employment opportunities to gain suffrage.
Which factor contributed to the emergence of New Left organizations in the 1960s?
A:the rise of youth culture in the 1950s
B:the efforts of labor unions
C:the religious revival in America
D:the activities of World War II veterans' groups
Answer:
A. the rise of youth culture in the 1950s.
Explanation:
One of the most important factors in the emergence of New Left organizations in the 1960s was the rise of youth culture in the 1950s. Before the 1950s, the transition from childhood to adulthood was very clear and swift, and there was little culture dedicated to those in between. This changed in the 1950s, when music, fashion and entertainment began to focus on the young. This celebration of youth was carried over to the 1960s, resulting in the development of a counterculture and the emergence of New Left organizations.
Why did Churchill believe the Munich Pact was the "beginning of the reckoning"?
Churchill's opposition to appeasement stemmed from his belief that it would embolden Hitler and lead to further aggression.
Churchill viewed the Munich Pact, signed in 1938, as a pivotal moment signaling the failure of appeasement and the onset of a reckoning with Nazi Germany's aggressive expansionism.
The pact allowed Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia, which Churchill saw as a grave mistake and a demonstration of weakness by Western powers.
As a staunch critic of appeasement, Churchill believed the Munich Agreement underestimated the true threat posed by Hitler's regime and would only encourage further aggression.
He warned that appeasement would embolden Hitler and lead to a larger conflict if not challenged promptly and firmly.
Churchill's perspective was that Western powers should have taken a tougher stance against German rearmament and expansionism from the outset.
The "reckoning" Churchill referred to was the inevitable confrontation with Nazi Germany resulting from the failure to confront Hitler's aggression.
Hitler's subsequent expansionist actions, including the invasion of Poland in 1939, validated Churchill's warnings and led to the outbreak of World War II.
Churchill's opposition to appeasement and his foresight contributed to his rise as Britain's Prime Minister in 1940, when a strong leader was needed to confront Nazi Germany.
Which manufactured item caused a major shift in Americans' living patterns in the 1910s?
A) Model T Ford
B) jet airliner
Eliminate
C) Panasonic radio
D) passenger elevator
Answer:
A. Model T Ford
Explanation:
The Model T Ford was produced from 1908 to 1927. It was the first affordable automobile, due to the use of assembly line production instead of individual hand-crafted work. Because it was so affordable, it caused a major shift in Americans' living patterns in the 1910s. It allowed more Americans to get from one place to another quickly.
In another country why does the doctor tell the narrator he will be able to play football again
The supreme courts ruling in the civil rights case of 1883 let to
D)the rise of Jim Crow laws in the South.
Why did Spain colonize Florida and the Rio Grande valley?
Question 5 options:
The Spanish found silver and gold mines there.
Spain wanted to protect its colony in Mexico from other Europeans.
Native Americans in that region wanted to trade with the Spanish.
Missionaries insisted on spreading Christianity across the continent.
Using complete sentences, identify the three major mountain ranges in the United States, and describe the relative location of each range. What are the main differences between the eastern ranges and the western ranges?
Answer:
Mountain ranges Appalachian mount Rocky Mt. and Sierra Mt .
Eastern Mt. are soooo much smaller
Explanation:
i did edge
HELP ME PLEASE!!! ITS TIMEDDD
As the tribe divided over voluntary removal, which two Cherokee emerged as leaders of opposite viewpoints?
A. Stand Waitie and Major Ridge
B. Elias Boudinot and John Ridge
C. Oceola and Dancing Rabbit
D. Major Ridge and John Ross
I believe that the correct answer is (b). As the tribe divided over voluntary removal, Elias Boudinot and John Ridge became the two Cherokee leaders of opposite viewpoints. Boudinot considered that the removal was inevitable and signed the Treaty of New Echota in 1835 with other treaty supporters. On the other hand, the chief of Cherokee nation, John Ridge, tried to stop white political leaders from forcing them to move; he was backed by the majority. Their resistance resulted in the "Trail of Tears" (Nu na da ul tsun yi (the place where they cried)) in which one-fourth of the Cherokee forced to move died.
What are the major economic differences between the north and the south during the civil war?
The North's industrial base and efficient rail system allowed for superior production and mobilization of war materials, while the South's agrarian economy faced hardships from Union blockades and an inability to shift towards necessary food production.
Explanation:Major Economic Differences Between the North and South During the Civil War The Civil War underscored profound economic disparities between the North and the South. The North, benefitting from the Industrial Revolution, had a robust industrial base, with about 90% of America's industrial and financial centers. This industrial prowess enabled the North to produce more war materials, supported by an extensive railroad grid for faster mobilization of men and supplies. In contrast, the South's economy was primarily agrarian, with a focus on cotton production that did little to support the war effort, especially in the face of Union blockades. The Union blockade impeded the South's ability to import necessary goods, leading to shortages and inflation. The South struggled to shift its economy toward food production, exacerbated by the Union's control over prime agricultural lands. Conversely, the North's farms provided ample food for both civilians and troops, avoiding the shortages that plagued the South. While the North experienced economic hardships, such as inflation due to the war, its diversified economy and superior rail system allowed for more effective support of the war effort. The inability of the Confederacy to match the North's industrial output and logistics inefficiencies greatly disadvantaged the Southern war effort, leading to increased hardships throughout the conflict.1
Many European nations have invested in improving sources of renewable and alternative energy. The panels on this German house are harvesting __________.
A.
nuclear power
B.
solar power
C.
wind power
D.
hydroelectricity
Why was fdr willing to make concessions to stalin at yalta when determining the fate of postwar germany? what decisions were made there?
How did the west african slave traders obtain the slaves they sold to european?