Answer: The body's reaction to long-lasting stress is associated with impaired immune response.
The body immune system is the first defence mechanism against any invading pathogens, physical and mental stress. There are two ways by which stress can affect the immune system: firstly by the creation of chronic inflammation harming the tissues and secondly by the suppression of the immune cells for fighting the infection.
During stress or fight-or-flight condition, body starts to produce more amount of cortisol which is a stress hormone. The immune system is suppressed by lowering the amount of the protein needed to signal the immune cells. This reduces the number of lymphocytes or B cells and T cells.
What are the distinguishing features of club mosses, whisk ferns, and horsetails? how are these plants different from ferns?
Club mosses, the first seedless vascular plants, are lycophytes with stems and microphylls. Horsetails are marsh plants with jointed hollow stems and whorled leaves. Whisk fern stalks photosynthesise without roots or leaves.
What are ferns?
Ferns are vascular plants that reproduce their offspring using spores rather than seeds or flowers since they lack both of these reproductive structures. Ferns, like blooming plants, are composed of roots, stems, and leaves in addition to their fronds. They reproduce sexually by means of spores that are very small, or sometimes they can reproduce vegetatively like the walking fern does.
Club mosses, whisk ferns, and horsetails differ from because Lycophytes, also known as club mosses, are the earliest known type of seedless vascular plants. They are characterized by the presence of a stem in addition to microphylls. Marshes are a common habitat for horsetails, which are distinguished by their jointed and hollow stems as well as their whorled leaves. Even though they lack roots and leaves, whisk ferns are able to perform photosynthesis in their stems.
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Catabolic processes involve degradation of complex molecules into simpler molecules with the net release of chemical energy. catabolic processes involve degradation of complex molecules into simpler molecules with the net release of chemical energy.
a. True
b. False
The correct answer is: True.
Catabolism together with anabolism is a part of metabolism. It is the set of metabolic pathways in which the molecules are broken down into smaller units and the energy is released. Released energy of catabolism (in a form of ATP) is used for the maintenance and growth of cells. Examples of catabolic processes are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle or degradation of macromolecules: proteins into amino acids, lipids into free fatty acids...
The statement about catabolic processes releasing chemical energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones is true. Catabolic reactions are critical for metabolism in cells, releasing energy that is partially captured in the form of ATP.
Explanation:The statement that catabolic processes involve the degradation of complex molecules into simpler molecules with the net release of chemical energy is true. Catabolic reactions break down larger molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, which are found in food, into their smaller constituents.
In the process, energy is released, which is necessary for the metabolic processes in cells throughout the body. For example, as much as 40 percent of the energy yielded from these reactions is transferred to ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell and can power various cellular functions. The remaining energy is released as heat, absorbed by tissues and body fluids.
For a transverse wave, the particles of the medium move ______ to the direction that the wave moves. perpendicular parallel diagonal
Answer:
Perpendicular
Explanation:
For USA Test Prep this is the answer.
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. Its peak is at an elevation of 8,848 meters (29,028 feet) above sea level. If you were standing on top of Mount Everest, which layer of the atmosphere would you be in?
A) explain the difference between silent, missense and frameshift mutations,
b.rank them in the order of the most likely to be deleterious to the least likely to have an effect.
c.provide your reasoning for the ranking.
A. The mutation that result in production of same amino acid is called silent mutation. The mutation that result in production of different amino acid is called missense mutation. The mutation due to addition or deletion of nucleotides in a sequence is called frameshift mutation.
B. The order of the mutations most likely to be deleterious to the least likely to have an effect is frameshift, missense and silent mutation.
C. Frameshift mutation result in the insertion or deletion of amino acids which will results in production of different types of amino acids that has different functions, missense mutation results in production of different amino acids which changes the amino acid sequence of a protein and silent mutation codes for same amino acid and does not affect the amino acid sequence of a protein.
What is mutation?"A changes/alteration in nitrogenous bases sequence of DNA that can results in changes in the genotype and phenotype of an organism is known as mutation."A change in only single base pair of DNA is called point mutation.Mutation can be caused by: insertion (addition of base pair in DNA sequence), deletion (removal of base pair in DNA sequence), inversion (reverse attachment of base pair in DNA sequence) and translocation.Deletion and insertion of nucleotides result in the shift of frame for reading a codon, so this is called frame shift mutation.A changes in nucleotide which results in the production of same amino acids and does not have any effect is called silent mutation.A change in the nucleotide that result in the production of different amino acids which effects the amino acid sequence of protein is called missense mutation.Hence, frameshift mutation is most likely to be deleterious followed by missense mutation and silent mutation (least likely to have an effect).
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What is the function of the vacuole?
If a single DNA strand contains 40 adenines prior to replication, what conclusion can be made about its complementary strand after replication, assuming no mutations occurred?
The overall folding of a single protein subunit is called
Which would be least likely to pollute water with heavy metals? A. a copper mine B. a plastics factory C. a paint factory D. a lumber mill
Answer:
D. a lumber mill
Explanation:
Large quantities of heavy metals are used in wood to promote gloss, hardness and durability. During the sawing of this wood, many heavy metal particles are discharged into the air and can cause serious problems to human health, as well as contamination of water bodies such as rivers and lakes.
Metals make up a group of chemical elements, mostly solid in their pure state, characterized by their brilliance, hardness, yellow to silver color, good electricity and heat conductivity, malleability, ductility, and high melting and boiling points. They are used to make wood look nicer and more durable, especially arsenic.
Answer:
a lumber mill
Explanation:
What is a cistron? 2)
a. if 2 different mutant rii phages are able to lyse
e. coli k (our lab manual's shorthand for k12(λ)) when they co-infect it, while neither mutant can lyse it separately, what can you say about the 2 mutations?
Final answer:
A cistron is essentially a gene, and if two mutant rII phages co-infect E. coli and only then can lyse it, it indicates the mutations are in different cistrons. This scenario, involving rIIA and rIIB mutations, illustrates complementation, a fundamental concept in genetics demonstrating how genetic mutations can compensate for each other's deficiencies in specific interactions.
Explanation:
A cistron refers to a gene, particularly defined by its ability to be complemented in a cis-trans complementation test. In the context of the rII phages infecting E. coli K12(λ), if two different mutant rII phages can lyse E. coli K12 when they co-infect, while neither can do so separately, it suggests that the mutations are in different cistrons (genes or functional units). Specifically, this scenario implies that one phage carries a mutation in the rIIA gene, and the other in the rIIB gene, allowing for complementation that enables the phages to complete their lytic cycle and produce plaques due to functional complementation between the two defective rII mutants.
The phenomenon of functional complementation elaborates on how genetic mutations within different functional units of phages working together can compensate for each other's deficiencies, a concept pivotal in understanding the modular structure of genes and the intricacies of genetic interactions. This insight was significantly advanced by Seymour Benzer's experiments, marking a watershed moment in molecular genetics.
A diagnosis of hemophilia a is confirmed in an infant. which of the instructions should the nurse provide the parents as the infant becomes more mobile and starts to crawl?
Secretors (genotypes ss and ss) secrete their a and b blood group antigens into their saliva and other body fluids, while nonsecretors (ss) do not. what would be the apparent phenotypic blood group proportions among the offspring of an iaib ss woman and an iaia ss man if typing was done using saliva?
Final answer:
The offspring of an IAiBss woman and an IAiAss man will have 50% blood type A and 50% blood type O phenotypic proportions.
Explanation:
Secretors are individuals who secrete their A and B blood group antigens into their saliva and body fluids. In the case of an IAiBss woman and an IAiAss man having offspring, the phenotypic blood group proportions would be 50% blood type A and 50% blood type O.
if the engery (E) of a wave increases, what happens to the frequency (f) and the wavelength
Year old white male arrives in your clinic with general complaints of slight abdominal discomfort. he has a known history of smoking two packs per day for 40 years and hypertension. he also has copd and has been treated numerous times with oral steroids. you consider several optional diagnoses. of the ones listed below, which should be included as a potential top suspect in your choice of diagnosis?
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Through which process are freshwater resources renewed?
A) Soil formation
B) Gas exchange
C) The water cycle
D) Ocean waves
Answer: C) The water cycle
Explanation:
Freshwater is a naturally occurring source of water. It exhibit very low salt concentration. It includes water of ice sheets, glaciers, rivers, bogs, lakes and underground water source called as groundwater. The freshwater is required for the survival of living organisms on earth. The freshwater is a renewable resource because it can be replenished after use by the water cycle. The water cycle involves the evaporation of water from the freshwater sources or other water sources, formation of water vapors in the atmosphere, condensation, and precipitation of water in the form of rain or snow. By this way the freshwater renews in nature in the form of precipitation by water cycle.