Which of the findings of the human genome project were contrary to initial expectations? select all that apply. select all that apply. the human genome contains 3,000 mb. ninety-three percent of multi-exon human genes have alternatively spliced forms. the human genome contains fewer than 21,000 genes?

Answers

Answer 1

I think that the following were findings were contrary to initial expectations in the human genome project, That is, Ninety three percent of multi-exon human genes have alternatively spliced forms and that the human genome contains fewer than 21,000 genes. The main goal of the genome project was to map all the human genes and determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.

Related Questions

What factor would account for a strong synovial joint?

A.small reinforcing ligaments
B.low muscle tone
C.synovial fluid
D.the deepest articular surface

Answers

I would say A) small reinforcing ligaments.
I say this because ligaments are what connects two bones together through a joint.

Final answer:

Small reinforcing ligaments are the factor contributing to the strength of a synovial joint. They provide stability and prevent dislocation, hence making the joint stronger. Other factors like low muscle tone, synovial fluid, and the deepest articular surface do not directly contribute to the joint's strength.

Explanation:

The factor that would account for a strong synovial joint is essentially the small reinforcing ligaments. Ligaments are tough, flexible tissues that connect bones or cartilage and also hold joints together. A synovial joint fortified with small reinforcing ligaments will tend to be stronger as they provide stability and help to prevent dislocation.

Options B, low muscle tone, and D, the deepest articular surface, do not directly contribute to the strength of a synovial joint. Synovial fluid, option C, certainly plays a role in the joint's ability to function smoothly by acting as a lubricant, but it does not inherently make the joint stronger.

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True or false if a plant grows toward the stimulus it shows a negative tropism

Answers

The answer to this question is false. A tropism is a biological occurrence that indicated the turning and growing of a plant in response to the environment stimuli. A negative tropism occurs when the plant grows away from the stimuli while positive tropism occurs when the plant grows towards the stimuli.

False.

A plant growing towards a stimulus is positive tropism.

Stimuli that increase the probability of a response they follow by removing an unwanted stimulus are called _____.

Answers

coordination.............

"blood vessels visible in the posterior view" of the heart include the

Answers

Blood vessels visible in the posterior view of the heart include the Superior and inferior vena cava and the pulmonary veins. The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava drain systemic venous blood into the posterior wall of the right atrium. The pulmonary veins transport blood from the lungs back to the heart and are best seen in posterior view of the heart. Other features visible in the posterior view include, right and left atrium, right and left ventricle, aorta, aortic arch, pulmonary veins and arteries, coronary sinus, coronary artery and posterior interventricular artery.

How does exposure to chemicals that cause mutations increase the risk of developing cancer? carcinogens can cause mutations in genes. hazardous chemicals can damage proto-oncogenes. carcinogens can cause abnormal protein synthesis. the rate of cancer causing mutations increases with age. hazardous chemicals can damage tumor suppressor genes?

Answers

Hazardous chemicals can damage proto-oncogenes; B.

When the complete der ring des nibelungen (the ring of the nibelung) is performed, it lasts about how long?

Answers

Hello there!

The ring of the Nibelung is an epic opera cycle that when performed completely, last about 15 hours (4 opera nights).

This is an opera composed by Richard Wagner over a period of more than 25 years, based on German mythology. The history is about the fighting between gods, heroes and mythological creatures for the control of a magic ring which gives dominance over the world. It is composed of 4 operas, named The Rhinegold, The Valkyrie, Siegfried, and Twilight of the Gods.

Have a good day!

It is 18 hours long.

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids? which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids? central carbon side chain acid group amine group?

Answers

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids? Your Answer will be Side Chain ! Hope this Helps

The part of individual amino acid that distinguishes it from other amino acids is the side chain.

Amino acids

Amino acids generally have 4 components:

The central carbon atomThe alpha carboxylic groupThe alpha amino groupThe side chain or the R group

All the 20 naturally occurring amino acids have different sides or R groups. Thus, the R or side group differentiates one amino acid from another.

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Chromosomes are composed of complex molecules known as _____.

Answers

genes are the complex molecules

Answer:

DNA

Explanation:

Chromosomes are X-shaped structures in the cells of living organisms and the form genetic material is transferred to offsprings. Chromosomes are composed of long polynucleotide chains called DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is the stored form of genetic material in cells. They contain the information needed by an organism's for survival.

DNA is a very long chain of nucleotides, hence, in order to fit into a cell, the cell devises a means by wrapping the long DNA around certain proteins called HISTONES. The initial wrapping of DNA around the core of histone proteins form the NUCLEOSOME structure. The nucleosome is then further coiled around histones to form CHROMATIN. Chromatin later condenses during cell division to form the visible CHROMOSOME structure.

In a nutshell, a chromosome contains a complex long strands of DNA molecules, the genetic material.

Noted scientist Dr. Elsa Birde described the effect of adding a mixture of dried apples and raisins to the previous feed of sunflower seeds, millet, thistle seed, and cracked corn in bird feeders in her yard. Over three years, Dr. Birde observed that the new mixture increased the number of songbirds at her feeders, especially during the months of April and May. As she has done for several years, Dr. Birde recorded, at the same time each day, the number of birds at each of her four feeders. She noted that the third year using the mixture coincided with the largest increase. There was a twenty-five percent increase in the number of songbirds over times when this mixture was not used. Dr. Birde also noted that in the third year she used a specific ratio of the ingredients, carefully measuring, which she had not done in previous years. The third year also had a warmer than normal spring, and a construction project began in a neighborhood near Dr. Birde’s. Dr. Birde is now going to produce this formula for sale and advertise to customers that they may see the same twenty-five percent increase in songbirds at their feeders.
Dr. E. Birde, Journal of Scientific Bird Feeding

Which scientific claim can be made?
Songbird numbers will increase due to the effects of climate change increasing global temperatures. Songbirds appear more often in April and May.A combined ratio is the main reason songbird numbers increased.A study by Dr. Birde showed that the number of songbirds in her yard increased due to a modified food source.

Answers

The correct option is this: A STUDY BY DR BIRDE SHOWED THAT THE NUMBER OF SONGBIRDS IN HER YARD INCREASED DUE TO A MODIFIED FOOD SOURCE.
From the information given above, it can be seen that Dr Birdie experienced the largest number of songbirds when she used some specific ingredients in a particular ratio to produce the birds' food. This shows that the increase in the flocks of songbird to the feeder is due to the modification in the food ingredients.

Answer:

A study by Dr. Birde showed that the number of songbirds in her yard increased due to a modified food source.

Explanation:

I just now answerd it.

If systolic blood pressure exceeds ________ mmhg while exercising, it should be monitored by a physician actions personal

Answers

I think the answer is 180 mmHg. In a healthy person with a normal systolic pressure of 120 mmHg, vigorous aerobic fitness training can increase systolic pressure to 180 mmHg and take about 10-20 minutes to return to resting levels. During upright exercise, the normal blood pressure response is to observe a progressive increase in systolic blood pressure with no change or even slight decrease in diastolic blood pressure. The slight decrease in diastolic pressure is due to vasodilation of the arteries from the exercise bout.

A 30-year-old woman goes to the doctor complaining of flu symptoms: fever, chills, muscle aches, and exhaustion. The doctor compares the effectiveness of bed rest versus antibiotics in her case. Which of the following best matches the doctor's arguments?

A. She is most likely ill from a bacterial infection. Antibiotics will not be effective against the bacteria, but bed rest and plenty of fluids will help.
B. She is most likely ill from a bacterial infection. Antibiotics will be more effective against the bacteria than bed rest alone.
C. She is most likely ill from a virus. Antibiotics will be more effective against the flu virus than bed rest alone.
D. She is most likely ill from a virus. Antibiotics will not be effective against the flu virus, but bed rest and plenty of fluids will help.

Answers

Flu is a common viral infection that affects both children and adults. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches and fatigue. Its treatment involves primarily rest and fluid to let the body fight infection its own. In addition, over the counter anti-inflammatory pain relievers may help with symptoms. In this case, i therefore think that the doctors arguments would be, she is most likely ill from a virus. Antibiotics will not be effective against the flu virus, but bed rest and plenty of fluids will help.

Answer:

The answer would be D. She is most likely ill from a virus. Antibiotics will not be effective against the flu virus, but bed rest and plenty of fluids will help.

Explanation:

Taking the test now and got it right.

The nurse is educating a patient regarding breathing techniques. what technique should the nurse avoid in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) who has marked hyperinflation?

Answers

The breathing technique that should be avoided in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is diaphragmatic breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing is observed as the rise and fall of the abdomen instead of the chest. This should be avoided as this increases the work of breathing.

Breathing techniques that can be employed include yoga and pursed-lip breathing.

Membranes in living cells, including those in humans, are characterized by a separation of charge across the membrane. effectively, the membranes are thus charged capacitors with important functions related to the potential difference across the membrane. is energy required to separate these charges in living membranes and, if so, is its source the metabolization of food energy or some other source?

Answers

Yes, energy is required to separate the charges. Mostly, the inner of the cell membrane is negatively charged compared to the outside. When the cell becomes depolarized, ions, especially, Sodium ions, are pumped out by active transportation to restore resting potential. Active transport requires energy from ATP powered by food metabolism.

Final answer:

Yes, energy is required to separate charges across the cell membrane, and it is derived from the metabolization of food. This process is crucial for establishing a membrane potential necessary for many cellular functions, including signal transmission in nerve and muscle cells.

Explanation:

Energy and Charge Separation in Cell Membranes

Cell membranes in living organisms, including humans, function similarly to capacitors as they exhibit a separation of charge across their structure. This charge separation, or membrane potential, is fundamentally important for many cellular processes, including the conduction of electrical signals in nerve and muscle cells. The membrane potential is typically in the range of 70 to 90 mV, creating an immense electric field due to the thinness of the membrane.

The formation and maintenance of this potential difference do require energy. In biological systems, this energy is derived primarily from the metabolization of food, which provides the ATP necessary for energy-dependent processes such as active transport. Notably, the sodium-potassium pump, one of the critical active transporters, utilises this energy to maintain concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane, thereby contributing to the separation of charges.

Indeed, it is estimated that a significant portion of a cell's energy expenditure, about 25%, is dedicated to creating and sustaining the membrane potential. This underscores the vital role that the managed separation of charges plays in cellular homeostasis and function.

The brain operates on two levels. one of these is the _____ level.

Answers

One level is, Awarness
And the second is Unconcious/Subcontious
Hope this is helpfull

Answer:

The two levels are Awareness and Unconsciousness (consciousness)

Explanation:

A brain is an organ of the central nervous system it functions can be found in all vertebrate and invertebrate animals. located close to the visual senses. Gives signals impulses that act as action potentials that act on distant parts of the body. Unconsciousness is the state when the ability to maintain a sense of the environment and the surroundings is essentially lost involving a complete or near-complete lack of response to stimuli. It may also occur as a result of brain hemorrhage or brain hypoxia, severe fatigue and other cause. Where consciousness i.e the awareness is the quite opposite in which the person operates his present state of mind.

Consider the life cycle of a typical frog. Where within the life cycle does fertilization take place? A) A. B) C. C) D. D) E.

Answers

Final answer:

Fertilization in the life cycle of a typical frog occurs externally in moist environments. The life cycle consists of a larval stage where the tadpoles live in water, breathing with gills, and a metamorphosis stage where they develop into air-breathing adults.

Explanation:

In the life cycle of a typical frog, fertilization takes place externally. Frogs lay their eggs in moist environments to prevent the eggs from dehydrating, as they lack a hard shell. The life cycle of frogs includes the larval stage, where tadpoles are filter-feeding herbivores, breathing with gills and having a lateral line system. This is followed by metamorphosis into the adult stage, during which the gills and lateral line system are absorbed, limbs develop, and they transition to a carnivorous diet and air-breathing lifestyle with lungs and an eardrum.

Dr. bruce says "its beneficial features are the ability to map ongoing psychological activities of the brain without injecting radioactive substances into the patient's body. in addition, they are much more widely available procedures than what was used before." what is dr. bruce describing?

Answers

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Messages from the brain to the muscles and glands in the body begin their journey in the __________.

Answers

Messages from the brain to the nuscles and glamds in the body begin their journey in the hypothalamus.

Final answer:

Messages from the brain to the body's muscles and glands start in the central nervous system (CNS), with the spinal cord playing a key role in conducting these motor impulses.

Explanation:

Messages from the brain to the muscles and glands in the body begin their journey in the central nervous system (CNS). The spinal cord serves as part of the CNS and acts as an information superhighway, conducting motor impulses from the brain via the motor (efferent) nerves. These nerves carry the nerve impulses away from the brain to various parts of the body, such as glands and muscles, allowing for a coordinated response to various stimuli. The nervous system is a vast network that includes not only the CNS but also the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.

What can isobars that are drawn very closely together reveal about the weather?

Answers

The closer together the isobars are, the greater the pressure difference and the stronger the wind will blow.

The muscle that generates the most power during elbow flexion is the __________. the muscle that generates the most power during elbow flexion is the __________. brachialis triceps brachii brachioradialis biceps brachii

Answers

The muscle that generates the most power during elbow flexion is the brachialis. The brachialis muscle is the primary muscle that helps the elbow joint move.

Answer: brachialis

Hope this helps! :)

Final answer:

The biceps brachii, located in the upper arm, generates the most power during elbow flexion. Other muscles contribute, but the biceps brachii is the primary muscle responsible.

Explanation:

The muscle that generates the most power during elbow flexion is the biceps brachii. This muscle is located in the upper arm and is the one most visible during elbow flexion. It flexes the forearm at the elbow and also assists in supination, which is the action of turning the palm upward or forward. While the brachialis and brachioradialis also contribute to elbow flexion, and the triceps brachii acts as an antagonist muscle during this movement, the primary muscle responsible for the most power during this action is the biceps brachii.

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Ecosystem productivity is principally limited by _______.

Answers

sunlight and nutrient availability

The ecosystem is limited by the amount of natural resources. Like water, sunlight (even though they was its going to last [its not] ).

Chimpanzees have been trained to communicate with humans through:

Answers

Chimpanzees have been trained to communicate with humans through sign language. Chimpanzees have relatively large brains and as such have complex social relationships and use simple tools. They can be taught to use sign language and some researchers suggest that they can communicate via this medium at the level of a 4 to 5 year old human.

Which strand of dna is synthesized toward the middle of the replication bubble? see section 15.3 (page 321) ?

Answers

A DNA replication bubble forms at a specific sequence of bases called the origin of replication (ori). So, the correct option is B.

What is Origin of replication?

The origin of replication is defined as the particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated which may include replication of DNA in living organisms such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes or replication of DNA or RNA in viruses, such as Double stranded RNA virus.

During the process called initiation, the replication machinery called replisomes assemble onto the DNA in a bidirectional fashion. These assembly loci form the start sites of DNA replication or replication origins. A DNA replication bubble forms at a specific sequence of bases called the origin of replication (ori).

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:

A DNA replication bubble forms at a specific sequence of bases called the ___________. see section 15.3 ( page 321).

topoisomerase origin of replication dna polymerase leading strand lagging strand

what is the difference between a non-mutated gene and a mutated Gene

Answers

The sequence of DNA bases have been removed

Hope this helps!

-Payshence xoxo

While assessing a patient who has fever, cough, and myalgia, the nurse confirms that the patient has pneumonia. which other symptom would the nurse expect to find in the patient?

Answers

Stabbing pain located in the chest with a cough on one side.

The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located within the ________ of the thorax. its apex rests on the ___________ and its superior margin lies at the level of the_________ rib. approximately two-thirds of the heart mass is seen to the left of the ___________.the heart is enclosed in a serosa sac called the. the heart has __________ chambers. relative to the roles of these chambers, the _____ are the receiving chambers, whereas the ________ are the discharging chambers.

Answers

The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located within the mediastinum of the thorax.

The mediastinum is the space lined with membranous tissue between the lungs. The mediastinum contains not only the heart but also the great vessels (pulmonary artery, aorta, pulmonary veins, and the superior and inferior vena cava), as well as parts of the esophagus and the trachea.

Its apex rests on the diaphragm and its superior margin lies at the level of the 2nd rib.

The apex of the heart is the conical area created by the confluence of the ventricles, but mainly by the left ventricle. It rests on the diaphragm. The superior margin of the heart, also known as the base, lies at the level of the second rib.

Approximately two-thirds of the heart mass is seen to the left of the midsternal border.

This is because to the left of the midsternal border lies the left ventricle which comprises most of the heart mass as the left ventricle is the one responsible for pumping blood throughout the systemic circulation and significant pressure should be overcame; resulting to the physiologic hypertrophy of the left ventricle.

The heart is enclosed in a serosal sac called the pericardium. The loosely fitting double outer layer consists of the outermost fibrous pericardium, lined by the parietal layer of the serous pericardium.

The pericardium is one of three layers of the heart (other ones being the myocardium and the endocardium); and is the outer layer of the heart. The pericardium is composed of two tissues, the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium. The pericardium functions to lubricate the movement of the heart by the action of the pericardial fluid.

The heart has four chambers. Relative to the roles of these chambers, the atria are the receiving chambers, whereas the ventricles are the discharging chambers.

The four chambers of the heart are namely the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and the left ventricle. Venous blood goes to the right atrium via the vena cavas then to the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve; then to the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary artery where it will be oxygenated. From the pulmonary circulation, the left atrium will receive the oxygenated blood via the pulmonary veins then to the left ventricle via the mitral valve where it will be pumped to the systemic circulation via the aorta.

A common example of a gis is getting driving directions from _______ _______. flashcards

Answers

The answer to this question is a global positioning system (GPS). A geographic information system (GIS) is a system to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data. ArcGIS is a common software application with GIS functionality. So is Google Earth.

The correct answer is "" Maps"" or ""a GPS navigation device.""

A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data. It is used to visualize data in a geographic context, which can be anything from a simple map to complex spatial analysis. One of the most common and practical uses of GIS technology is in GPS navigation devices and online mapping services like Maps, which provide driving directions based on spatial data.

When you input your starting location and destination into Maps or a GPS navigation device, the system uses GIS data to calculate the best route. This includes considering road networks, traffic conditions, and other geographic information. The GIS technology then presents the route visually on a map and provides turn-by-turn directions.

Therefore, when filling in the blanks on the flashcards for a common example of a GIS, ""Maps"" or ""a GPS navigation device"" would be appropriate answers, as they both utilize GIS to provide driving directions and other location-based services.

Sexual reproduction has never been observed in which type of fungus

Answers

The answer is fungi imperfecti or imperfect fungi which are also known as Deuteromycota, are fungi which do not classify into the commonly recognized taxonomic classifications of fungi that are based on biological species thought or morphological features of sexual structures because their sexual form of reproduction has never been observed. Merely their asexual form of reproduction is recognized in which means that these fungi yield their spores asexually in the procedure named sporogenesis.

The tranquilizers valium and librium are classified in which schedule of the controlled substances act

Answers

IV is the correct answer.

Which best describes the role of a negative feedback loop?
The output is reduced so the body can maintain homeostasis
The output builds so the body can maintain homeostasis
Hormone levels In the blood increase to increase effects
Hormone levels In the blood decrease to increase effects

Answers

The role of the negative feedback loop is,

that the output is being reduced so that the body can maintain homeostasis.

The negative feedback loop is a homeostatic control mechanism through which levels of hormones are maintained within a narrow range by feeding the product back to decrease its production.

Answer:

Explanation:

Which best describes the role of a negative feedback loop?

The output is reduced so the body can maintain homeostasis

The output builds so the body can maintain homeostasis

Hormone levels In the blood increase to increase effects

Hormone levels In the blood decrease to increase effects

Which problem is most directly caused by dumping waste in landfills?

Answers

___land pollution___

Pollution of undergroundwater

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